2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题及答案（海天版）
Section 1Use of EninglishDirections :
Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was onall of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it tothe top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.TheUnited States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.
GI .joehad a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , andKorean troops . He appers as a character,or a (12 ) of americanpersonalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow -and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.
1. performed served rebelled betrayed
2. actual common special normal
3.bore cased removed loaded
4.necessities facilitice commodities propertoes
5.and nor but hence
6.for into form against
7.meaning implying symbolizing claiming
8.handed out turn over brought back passed down
9.pushed got made managed
10.ever never either neither
11.disguised disturbed disputed distinguished
12.company collection community colony
13.employed appointed interviewed questioned
14.ethical military political human
15.ruined commuted patrolled gained
16.paralleled counteracted duplicated contradicted
17.neglected avoided emphasized admired
18.stages illusions fragments advancea
19.With To Among Beyond
20.on the contrary by this means from the outset at that point
Section II Resdiong Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Text 1
Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.
This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.
District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.
At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.
The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.
21.It is implied in paragraph 1 thatnowadays homework_____.
is receiving more criticism
is no longer an educational ritual
is not required for advanced courses
is gaining more preferences
22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.
tend to have moderate expectations for their education
have asked for a different educational standard
may have problems finishing their homework
have voiced their complaints about homework
23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.
discourage students from doing homework
result in students' indifference to their report cards
undermine the authority of state tests
restrict teachers' power in education
24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. it should be eliminated
it counts much in schooling
it places extra burdens on teachers
it is important for grades
25.A suitable title for this text could be______.
Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy
A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
Thorny Questions about Homework
A Faulty Approach to Homework
Text2
Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.
Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.
I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.
Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences - or invent them where they did not previously exist.
26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.
should not be the sole representation of girlhood
should not be associated with girls' innocence
cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
cannot influence girls' lives and interests
27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？
Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.
Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.
Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.
White is prefered by babies.
28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.
the marketing of products for children
the observation of children's nature
researches into children's behavior
studies of childhood consumption
29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.
focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes
attach equal importance to different genders
classify consumers into smaller groups
create some common shoppers' terms
30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.
clearly explained by their inborn tendency
fully understood by clothing manufacturers
mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
well interpreted by psychological experts
Text 3
In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to itscore. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruledthat genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. TheBiotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assuredmembers that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.
On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federalappeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Geneticscould indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman'srisk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company inUtah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.
But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine,the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probablynot over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a geneis a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppressinnovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrictaccess to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem toagree.Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related togenetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief inthe Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less aproduct of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separatedfrom cotton seeds. ”
Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remainunanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a wholegenome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The casemay yet reach the Supreme Court.
AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an evengreater impact.companies are unlikely to file many more patents forhuman DNA molecules-most are already patented or inthe public domain.firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations thatmight be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’sefficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting thedits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.
Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in itsnext term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions tocoach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting waspacked.
31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----
A.their executives to be active
B.judges to rule out gene patenting
C.genes to be patcntablc
D.the BIO to issue a warning
32.those who are against gene patents believe that----
A.genetic tests are not reliable
B.only man-made products are patentable
C.patents ongenes depend much on innovatiaon
D.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests
33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----
A.establishing disease comelations
B.discovering gene interactions
C.drawing pictures of genes
D.identifying human DNA
34．By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----
A.the supreme court was authoritative
B.the BIO was a powerful organization
C.gene patenting was a great concern
D.lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs
35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----
A.critical
B.supportive
C.scornful
D.objective
Text 4
The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,
it will likely change the life course and character of a generationof young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape ourpolitics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.
No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in thisnational economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, whileextremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become lessmaterialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of thestruggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession willleave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from ournational fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put anecessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.
But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and faroff. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economichistorian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S.,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost alwaysleft society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usuallystopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrantsentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races andclasses.
Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has notshrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness mayreinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them---especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, theeconomist in Columbia University, suggests that not all peoplegraduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those withdegrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where theyotherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it isthe masses beneath them that are left behind.
In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentmentthat has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, inthe moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affectingsociety’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more sociallytolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and avariety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixedresults. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times willreshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more sothe longer they extend.
36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.
seek subsidies from the govemment
explore reasons for the unermployment
make profits from the troubled economy
look on the bright side of the recession
37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.
realize the national dream
struggle against each other
challenge their lifestyle
reconsider their lifestyle
38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.
impose a heavier burden on immigrants
bring out more evils of human nature
Promote the advance of rights and freedoms
ease conflicts between races and classes
39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.
lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities
catch up quickly with experienced employees
see their life chances as dimmed as the others’
recover more quickly than the others
40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.
certain
positive
trivial
destructive
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by findinginformation from the left column that corresponds to each of the markeddetails given in the right column. There are two extra choices in theright column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)
“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished inthis world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have workedhere,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it isnot.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favouritehistorical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze,but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach thepast: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interestedin feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of historymeant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarchbegan work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men,highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarchcelebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top.This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned onits head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, andboldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills ofsuccessful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romanticscommemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressingthe uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than publicglory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Helpas a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists andexplores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power ofself-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity,issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character,exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish forhimself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwrightand JosiahWedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through hisdifficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused hisbiographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwelland Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard toimitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than meremortals.
Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed noimmense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who doesall that.” And history should be the story of the masses and theirrecord of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economicrealities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epochstood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just asthey please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen bythemselves, but under circumstances directly found, given andtransmitted from the past.”
This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of thepast. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EPThompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongsidebiographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - fromgender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpickedthe multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public historytoo: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.
emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.
41. Petrarch highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.
42. Niccolo Machiavellli focused on epochal figures whose liveswere hard to imitate.
43. Samuel Smiles opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.
44. Thomas Carlyle held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.
45. Marx and Engels dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.
depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.
Section III Translation
46.Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write yourtranslation onANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)
When people in developing countries worry about migration,they areusuallyconcerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departureto Silicon Valley orto hospitals and universities in the developedworld ,These are the kindof workersthat countries like Britian,CanadaandAustralia try to attract by using immigration rules thatprivilege college graduates .
Lots of studies have found that well-educated people fromdeveloping countriesare particularly likely to emigrate .Abig survey of Indian households in 2004found that nearly 40%of emigrantshad more than a high-schooleducation,compared with around 3.3%of allIndians over the age of 25.This "braindrain "has long botheredpolicymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurtstheir economies,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could havetaughtat their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clevernewproducts for their factories to make .
Section IV Writing
Part A
47.Directions
Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronicdictionary that youboughtfrom an onlin store the other day ,Write anemail to the customer servicecenter to
1)make a complaint and
2)demand a promptsolution
You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .
48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should
1)describe the table ,and
2)give your comments
You should write at least 150 words(15points)
某公司员工工作满意度调查
年龄-------满意度满意不清楚不满意
小于等于40岁16.7P.03．3%
41-50岁0.06.0d.0%
大于50岁40.050.0.0%
参考答案：
完形填空：
1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C
6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B
11.D12.B13.C14.D15.B
16.A17.C18.B19.B20.D
TEXT1：
21. A22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D
TEXT2：
26.A27.B28.A29.C30.C
TEXT3：
31.C32.B33.A34.D35.D
TEXT4：
36.D37.D38.B39.D40.A
新题型：
41-45：AFGCE
小作文范文：
Dear Sir or Madame,
As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writingthis letter to express my complaint against the flaws in your product-anelectronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day.
The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study.Unfortunately, I found that there are several problems. To begin with,when I opened it, I detected that the appearance of it had beenscratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in theadvertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feelthat you have not kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys onthe keyboard do not work.
I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given andeffective measures should be taken to improve your service and thequality of your products. You can either send a new one to me or refundme my money in full.
I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Sincerely yours,
Zhang Wei
页:
[1]