2006年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案
Section I Use of EnglishThe homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.__1_ homelessness has reached such proportions that local governmentcan’t possibly __2__. To help homeless people __3__ independence, thefederal government must support job training programs, __4__ the minimumwage, and fund more low-cost housing. __5__ everyone agrees on thenumbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree onanother matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__, one of thefederal government’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless willreach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has becomeincreasingly difficult. __11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a__12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep atnight, a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street.Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted toalcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, __14__ not addicted or mentally ill,simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improveonly when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of thehomeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service atBentley College in Massachusetts, __19__ it, “There has to be __20__ ofprograms. What’s need is a package deal.”
1. Indeed Likewise Therefore Furthermore
2. stand cope approve retain
3. in for with toward
4. raise add take keep
5. Generally Almost Hardly Not
6. cover change range differ
7. now that although provided Except that
8. inflating expanding increasing extending
9. predicts displays proves discovers
10. assist track sustain dismiss
11. Hence But Even Only
12. lodging shelter dwelling house
13. searching strolling crowding wandering
14. when once while whereas
15. life existence survival maintenance
16. around over on up
17. complex comprehensive complementary compensating
18. So Since As Thus
19. puts interprets assumes makes
20. supervision manipulation regulation coordination
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is anamazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizinguniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence ofconsumption” launched by the 19th--century department stores thatoffered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead ofintimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores“anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turnedshopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertisingand sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which maynot be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for theNational Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’simmigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant toassimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in1900, 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrantsarrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10years prior to 1890, 9.2 forevery 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation –language,home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from eachof the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrantstend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the thirdgeneration, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrantfamilies.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” forlanguages. By 1996 foreign–born immigrants who had arrived before 1970had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percentrate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates ofintermarriage than do U.S –born whites and blacks.” By the thirdgeneration, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics,and 41 percent of Asian–American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez note that children in remote villages around the worldare fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet“some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United Statesremain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularlywhen viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social inducessuggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means
identifying
associating
assimilating
monopolizing
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century
played a role in the spread of popular culture.
became intimate shops for common consumers.
satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.
are resistant to homogenization.
exert a great influence on American culture.
are hardly a threat to the common culture.
constitute the majority of the population.
24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
To prove their popularity around the world.
To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
To give examples of successful immigrants.
To show the powerful influence of American culture.
25.In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is
rewarding.
successful.
fruitless.
harmful.
Text 2
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry-WilliamShakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasinglyhostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), whichpresents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare MemorialTheatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live offthe tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at AnneHathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds apenny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them withtheir long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s alldeliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns theirliving, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise -making.
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers whocome by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on theside – don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprisedto find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage alittle sight - seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers,the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because theyspend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into thehotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and getout of town by nightfall.
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does notcontribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in townseems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building itsown hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with HamletHamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and soforth, and will be very expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal ShakespeareCompany needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records forthree years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per centoccupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, ofcourse, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would driveaway the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to lookalike (though they come from all over) –lean, pointed, dedicated faces,wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for thenight on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when thebox office opens at 10:30 a.m.
26. From the first two paras , we learn that
A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue
B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage
C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms
D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism
27. It can be inferred from Para 3 that
A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately
B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers
C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers
D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater
28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that
A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects
B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties
C. the town is not really short of money
D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid
29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because
A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending
B. the company is financially ill-managed
C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable
D. the theatre attendance is on the rise
30. From the text we can conclude that the author
A. is supportive of both sides
B. favors the townsfolk’s view
C. takes a detached attitude
D. is sympathetic
Text 3
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, somethingstrong happened to the large animals; they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived, the large, slow-growing animals were easygame, and were quickly hunted to extinction.
Now something similar could be happening in the oceans that theseas are being over-fished has been known for years what researcherssuch as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast thingsare changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheriesaround the world. Their methods de not attempt to estimate the actualbiomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species inparticular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass overtime. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) inanesfishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start ofexploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since thenDr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative, one reasonfor this is that fishing technology has improved Today’s vessels canfind their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50years ago that means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is beingcaught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to beworse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the earlydays, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Someindividuals would therefore not have been caught, since to baited hookswould have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate offish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longlinefishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks aroundnoise.
Dr. Myers and Dr. worm argue that their work gives a correctbaseline, which future management efforts must take into account. Theybelieve the date support an idea current among marine biologists, thatof the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed todetect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because theyhave been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. Thatmatters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield thatcan be cropped form a fishery comes when the biomass of a targetspecies is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are wellbelow that, which is a bad way to de business.
31、The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
A、 large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
B、 small species survived as large animals disappeared
C、 large sea animals may face the same threat today.
D、 Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
32、who can infer form Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that
A、 the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
B、 there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago
C、 the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
D、 the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisherish than in the old
33、By saying these figures are conservative (line in ,paragragf-3), Dr worm means that
A、 fishing technology has improved rapidly
B、 then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded
C、 the marine bio mass has suffered a greater loss
D、 the date collected so far are pit pf date.
34 、Dr Myers and other researchers hold that
A、people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time
B、fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C、the ocean biomass should restored its original level.
D、people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation.
35、The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
A、 management efficiency
B、 biomass level
C、 catch-size limits
D、 technological application.
Text 4
Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdestmay be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet theychoose to focus on the ones that feel bad.
This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting andmusic, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or,worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils toBaudelaire's flowers of evil.
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness becausemodern times have seen such misery. But it's not as if earlier timesdidn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. Thereason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damnhappiness in the world today.
After all, what is the one modern form of expression almostcompletely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise ofanti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, andwith it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an idealbut an ideology.
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. Theyworked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. Inthe West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful massmedium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls werein peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this,they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are notreligious but commercial, and forever happy .Fast-food eaters, newsanchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines featurebeaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since thesemessages have an agenda--to lure us to open our wallets to make thevery idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the adsfor the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increasethe risk of heart attacks.
What we forget--what our economy depends on is forgetting--is thathappiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring thegreatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tellus as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, thateverything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but inliving with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette,yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
36.By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that
A. Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.
B. Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling.
C. Poets today are less skeptical of happiness.
D. Artist have changed their focus of interest.
37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something
A. religious B. unpleasant C. entertaining D. commercial
38.In the author’s opinion, advertising
A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy part.
B. is a cause of disappointment for the general peer
C. replace the church as a major source of information
D. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.
39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes
A .Happiness more often than not ends in sadness.
B. The anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing.
C. Misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.
D .The anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms
40.Which of the following is true of the text?
A Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
B Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
C People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.
D mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.
Part B
On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville,Ind, home ofDavid Willianis ,52,and of a riverboat casinola place where gamblinggames are played .During several years of gambling in that casino,Williams a state auditor earning $35,000 a year ,last approximately$175,000 . He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left .On his second visithe lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “FunCard”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. ForWilliams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.
(41) ,In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. Inmarch 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at atime, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m , then went back aboardwhen the casino opened at 9 a.m .Now he is suing the casino ,chargingthat it should have refused his patronage because it knew he wasaddicted. It did know he had a problem.
In march 1998,a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino ofWilliams’s gamblers. The casinno included a photo of Williams amongthose of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a” cease admissions” letternoting the “medical /psychological” nature of problem gamblingbehaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to thepatronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
(42)
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signswarning,“enjoy the fun and always bet with your head ,not over it.”Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from theIndiana Department of Mental Health .Nevertheless Williams’s suitcharged that the casino ,knowing he was “helplessly addicted togambling”intentionally worked to “love” him to “engage in conductagainst his will” well.
(43)
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofmental Disorders says “pathological gambling ”involves president,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill oftaking risks in quest of a windfall.
(44) , .Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society isreclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moralfailings as personality disorders skin to physical disabilities
(45)
Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most ofthese states are to varying degrees dependent on__you might say addictedto__revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling sitewas created in 1995,competition for gambler’s dollars has becomeintense. The Oct.28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblerspatronize 1,800 virtual cosines every week, with $3.5 billion being loston Internet wagers this year, gambling has ,passed pornography as theweb’s webs most profitable business.
(A). Although no such evidence was preserved, the casino’smarketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And heentered the casino ad used his Fun Card without being detected. (B) Itis unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. Andin what sense was his will operative?
(C) By the time he had lost $5,00, he said to himself that if hecould get back to even , he would quit , one night he won $5,500 ,but hedid not quit.
(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever,but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy , the most important and aggressivepromoter of gambling in America is the government .
(E) David Williamds suit should trouble this gambling nation . But don’t bet on it .
(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and morebehavioral problems , often defining as addiction what earlier ,sternergenerations explained as weakness of will.
(G) the anoymous ,lonely ,undistracted nature of online gambling isespecaillly conductive to compulsive behavior . But even if thegovernment knew how to more against Internet gambling , what would beits grounds for doing so?
Part C
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected andconsidered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that itis not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observedthat it is the intellectuals who have rejected American. But they havedone more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role ofintellectual. It is they, not American, who have becomeanti-intellectual.
First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is anintellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has electedas his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking inSocratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problemconsciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factualquestions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting actionwhich seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moralinformation which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous tothat of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in asobvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him tohis decision.
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to asintellectuals----the average scientist for one. 48) I have excluded himbecause, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution ofmoral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching anybut the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, heencounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routineduties--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not tothink about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than abusinessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration ofrules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he willtake his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite thefact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby manyintellectuals earn their living (50) They may teach very well , and morethan earn their salaries ,but most of them make little or noindependent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. “Being learnedin some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public andindustrious thoughts”, as Emersion would say, “is something else.”
Section III writing
Part A
51 Directions:
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid toa child in a remote area, write a letter to the department concerned,asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind ofchild you want to help and how you will carry out you plan. Write yourletter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52 Directions: study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1) describe the photos briefly
2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them ,and
3) give you point of view
You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2(20 points)
(图一Beckham 图二 把崇拜写在脸上，花300元做个“小贝头”
注：Beckham(贝克汉姆)——英国足球明星)
Section I Use of English (10 points)
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. A
11. C 12. B 13. D14. C15. C16. A17. B18. C19. A 20. D
Section II Reading Comprehension (60 points)
Part A (40 points)
21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B
26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. D
31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B
36. D 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. A
Part B (10 points)
41. C 42. A 43. B 44. F 45. D
Part C (10 points)
46. 我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。
47．他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。
48．我之所以将他（普通科学家）排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。
49．但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。
50．他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。
Section IIIWriting (30 points)
51. (10 points) (略)
52. (10 points) (略)
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