2015年GCT考试英语语法串讲之分词3
现在分词做宾语补语可以用于这种结构的动词有hear, see, notice, watch等感官动词。
I saw the boy climbing the tree.
我看到那个孩子在爬树。
注：在这种结构中我们也可以用省略to的不定式，I saw the boy climb the
tree.现在分词表示进行，而不定式表示有这么一回事。
过去分词做宾语补语
have sth. done或get sth. done表示让别人做某事。
you should have your TV set repaired.
你应该把你的电视送去修一下。
I will go to get my hair cut.
我要去理个发。
现在分词的时态
一般时 doing
完成时 having done
现在分词的完成时主要用于状语从句，强调分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，简单地说，当状语从句的时态是完成时，我们在省略时，也用分词的完成时。
After he had waited for long time, he was asked into the office.
=Having waited for long time, he was asked into the office.
在等了很长时间之后，他被叫进了办公室。
Since I have never been to China I know little about the country.
=Never having been to China, I know little about the country.
因为没去过中国，我对那个国家知道的很少。
现在分词的被动语态
现在分词的被动 being done
现在分词完成时的被动 having been done
现在分词的被动语态和完成时的被动语态，主要用于做状语和定语。注意下列每对句子中分词与从句的时态和语态
Having been kept indoor for the whole morning , the children became
impatient.
=As they had been kept indoor for the whole morning the children became
impatient.
正在被做手术的人是谁?(正在进行)
注：试比较下列句子的不同。
Who is the man to operate on a patient tomorrow?
= Who is the man that will operate on a patient tomorrow?
明天要给病人做手术的人是谁?(不定式表将来)
Who is the man to be operated on tomorrow?
=Who is the man that will be operated on tomorrow?
明天要被做手术的那个人是谁?(不定式的被动表示将来的被动)
Who is the man operated on yesterday?
=Who is the man that was operated on yesterday?
谁是昨天被做手术的人? (过去分词表示完成被动)
Who is the man operating on a patient now?
=Who is the man that is operating on a patient now?
正在给病人做手术的人是谁? (现在分词表示进行的主动)
Who is the man being operated on now?
=Who is the man that is being operated on now?
正在被做手术的人是谁? (现在分词的被动表示进行的被动)
独立主格结构
独立主格结构看起来很乱，实际上我们只要把它看成一个从句的省略，就容易明白了。
Because he is ill, he will not go to school.
=Being ill, he will not go to school.
因为他病了，他不能去上学。
Because his mother is ill, he will not go to school.
=His mother being ill, he will not go to school.
因为他母亲病了，他不能上学。
注：第一句主从句的主语相同，省略主语后，不会产生混乱。第二句主从句主语不同，因此应保留从句的主语，只将is变为being,这就是独立主格结构的意义所在。
Her eyes filled with tears, she did not notice his coming.
Because the last bus had gone, we had to walk home.
=The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
因为最后一班车已经去了，我们只有走着回家了。
The dark clouds had disappeared and the sun shone again.
=The dark clouds having disappeared, the sun shone again.
乌云散去，太阳又照耀着大地。
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