考研网 发表于 2016-8-15 21:49:02

2009考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解(25)

取自:


2002年考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解
Text 1
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
订阅收藏《2009考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解》系列文章
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly ,until waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God." came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off the cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a lighthearted remark.
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
41. To make your humor work, you should .
[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience
[B] make fun of the disorganized people
[C] address different problems to different people
[D] show sympathy for your listeners
42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .
[A] impolite to new arrivals
[B] very conscious of their godlike role
[C] entitled to some privileges
[D] very busy even during lunch hours
43. It can be inferred from the text that public services .
[A] have benefited many people
[B] are the focus of public attention
[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor
[D] have often been the laughing stock
44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .
[A] in well worded language
[B] as awkwardly as possible
[C] in exaggerated statement
[D] as casually as possible
45. The best title for the text may be .
[A] Use Humor Effectively
[B] Various Kinds of Humor
[C] Add Humor to Speech
[D] Different Humor Strategies

kysix 发表于 2016-8-15 22:24:01

核心词汇:
accommodation n.(accommodations)住宿,留宿;膳宿供应(accommodat+ion名词后缀)
apparent a.表面上的,貌似真实的;显然的,明明白白的(ap+par+ent→一再能看见→显而易见)
appropriate a.适当的,恰当的,特有的vt.拨给,挪用,盗用(ap一再+propri 拥有,引申为"恰当的"+ate动词或形容词后缀→一再拥有公物→挪用)
attempt vt.企图,试图n.努力,尝试,企图(at一再+tempt→一再尝试)
audience n.听众,观众,读者;见面,会见(audi+ence名词后缀→听的人→听众)
awkward a.笨拙的;尴尬的;使用不便的;难处理的
casual a.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的,非正式的(cas+ual形容词后缀→落下的→不是安排好的→偶然的)
convention n.大会,会议;惯例,常规,习俗;公约,协定(con大家+vent+ion名词后缀→大家来到一起→集会)
deliver v.交付,递送;发表,表达;释放;接生(de强调+liver→给自由→释放)
delivery n.递送;交付;分娩;交货;引渡(deliver释放;放出;投递+y名词后缀→投递)
disparaging a.蔑视的(disparag+ing形容词后缀)
effective a.有效的;深刻印象的,惊人的;有效的;实在的,实际的(ef出+fect→做出来→生效;效果+ive形容词后缀→有效的);
effectively av.有效地 即ef+fect+ive+ly,ef前缀表"加强",fect词根"做",ive形容词后缀,ly副词后缀
entitle v.给以权利(或资格);给......称号(题名);授权(en+title)
exaggerate v.夸大,夸张(ex+agger+ate动词后缀)
exaggeration n.夸张 ←ex加强语气+agger堆积+ation名词后缀
familiar a.熟悉的;通晓的;亲近的n.熟客;密友(famili+ar)即famil(y)+iar形容词后缀,"感觉像家一样的"
familiarity 熟悉 ←familiar+ity名词后缀。
humorous a.富于幽默感的,幽默的;滑稽的
identify v.识别,鉴别;把......和......看成一样(iden相同的+ify动词后缀→辨别)
inedible a.不可食的(in不+ed表示"吃"+ible能够......的→不可食的)
notorious a.臭名昭著的,声名狼藉的(not+orious形容词后缀→做坏事被人知道→恶名昭著的)
privilege n.特权,优惠,特许v.给予优惠,给予特权(privi+lege法律→有个人法律→特权)
relevant a.有关的,中肯的,相应的,实质性的(re+lev+ant,re前缀),lev词根"升,举",ant形容词后缀,故"从......升起的"→"源自......的"→相关的。同根词:elevate(升举,提高)←e+lev+ate
elevator 电梯,升降机 ←e+lev+at(e)+or
resent vi.对(某事物)感到愤恨、 怨恨或气愤(re反+sent感觉→反感→怨恨)
rush v.(使)冲;奔n.冲,急速行进a.(交通)繁忙的
scapegoat n.替罪羊。可这样记:escape(n.v.逃跑)←e+scape,把e看作ex,则scape就是没有"离开"的→"逃不掉的"→"留下来替罪的",于是scape+goat→替罪羊
sympathy n.同情,同情心;赞同,同感;慰问(sym共同+path+y名词后缀→共同感情→同情)
twist v.捻;拧;扭曲;蜿蜒曲折而行n.歪曲;曲折
难句剖析:
难句1
Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
[分析]句子的主语是your humor,后面有两个平行的谓语must be和should help,它们后面分别有其宾语。其中should help后面的宾语是不定式to show,而它的宾语比较复杂,是两个并列的宾语从句:that you are one of them和that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view,中间用or连接。
[译文]你的幽默必须与听众有关,能够向他们显示你是他们的一员,或者你了解他们的情况,同情他们的观点。
难句2
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties.
[分析]此句中if引导了一个条件从句,而后面的主句是两个子句构成的并列句。在第一个子句you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you中又有一个定语从句which are common to all of you来修饰the experiences and problems,而后面的子句的结构是一个"it is+adj. for sb. to do sth."的结构。
[译文]如果你是听众中的一员,你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题,你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者总裁在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。
难句3
Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light hearted remark.
[分析]此句可以看成是由so连接的并列句,前后有一定的因果关系。前面的子句是一个强调结构,而后面又是一个祈使句,其谓语动词是speak和remember。而remember后面又是一个很长的宾语从句。
[译文]常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑,因此说慢一些,并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话。

kyfour 发表于 2016-8-15 23:14:26

文章类型:人文科学--说明文
这篇文章的主题是探讨如何在谈话中展现幽默感。
试题解析:
41. 为了使你的幽默奏效,你应该
[A] 利用不同的听众。
[B] 取笑那些缺乏条理的人。
[C] 对不同的人谈不同的问题。
[D] 向你的听众表示同情。
细节事实题【正确答案】 [C]
定位在第一段第三句话"Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different"以及后面的"supporting evidence"。
42. 根据护士的观点,有关医生的笑话暗示:医生
[A] 对新来者不礼貌。
[B] 自我感觉像上帝一样。
[C] 被授予某些特权。
[D] 甚至午餐时间都非常忙。
推理题【正确答案】[B]
定位在第二段,在护士们的玩笑中,把那个傲慢、唐突的上帝与护士眼中的医生进行类比。可见,在护士们看来,医生与上帝一样,自以为是,蛮不讲理。所以选择[B]项。
43. 根据本文,可以推知:公共服务
[A] 为许多人带来了利益。
[B] 是公众关注的焦点。
[C] 不是幽默的合适话题。
[D] 常常被人当作笑料。
推理题【正确答案】 [D]
定位在第三段的末句,意思是:你去开邮局或电话系统(即public services)的玩笑则比较安全,不会有冒犯什么人的危险,同时本句中还出现了一个关键词"scapegoats",说明public services常常成为人们的笑柄。
44. 为了达到理想的效果,应当讲幽默故事。
[A] 用恰当的言语
[B] 尽可能别扭地
[C] 用夸张的陈述
[D] 尽可能随意地
细节事实题【正确答案】[D]
定位在第四段并通过其中的一些关键词,如:"natural","relaxed","unforced","lighthearted"等进行判断。所有选择[D]项。
45. 本文的最佳标题可能是
[A] 有效地使用幽默。
[B] 各种各样的幽默。
[C] 在言语中添加幽默
[D] 不同的幽默策略。
中心主旨题【正确答案】 [A]
回答本题需要利用全文的信息。从全文各段的内容来看,文章主要是讲如何有效地使用幽默。采用排除法可确定本题的答案。

kytwo 发表于 2016-8-15 23:38:23

全文精译:
如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑,你就必须知道如何识别共同的经历和共同的问题。你的幽默必须与听众有关,能够向他们显示你是他们的一员,或者你了解他们的情况,同情他们的观点。根据与你谈话的不同对象,问题也有所不同。如果你在和一群经理谈话,你就可以评论他们秘书的散漫和低效率;相反,如果你在和一群秘书谈话,你就可以评论他们老板是怎样的组织不周。
第一段:作者在第一句就提出观点:要想使自己的谈话幽默,必须知道如何识别共同的经历和共同的问题。
下面举一个例子,它是我在一个护士大会上听到的。这个故事效果很好,因为听众对医生都有同样的看法。一个人到了天堂,由圣彼得带着他参观。他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。所有人都很安静、礼貌和友善,然而当这位新来的人在排队等候午餐时,突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。只见这人挤到了队伍的前头,抓起他的食物,大踏步地走到一张餐桌旁。"这是谁啊?"新来的人问圣彼得。"哦,那是上帝,"他回答说,"但有时也认为自己是一名医生。"
如果你是听众中的一员,你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题,你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者总裁在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。而对于其他听众,你就不能试图贸然地讲这种幽默,因为他们也许不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅或总裁有如此微词。如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局这样的替罪羊,那你就会很安全。
第二、三段:引用护士大会上的一则笑话,来论述幽默效果取决于共同的认识这一观点。
如果你在运用幽默时感到很别扭,你应该进行练习使它变得更自然。在你的谈话中以轻松自然的方式插入一些随意的、即兴的幽默话语。常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑,因此说慢一些,并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话。
第四段:指出幽默应该进行练习使其变得更自然。
留意幽默,它常常来自意料之外。不妨对人们熟知的话语或格言稍微改动如"如果初试不利,那就放弃吧!"或者是玩弄语言或调侃当时的场景。留意夸张和掩饰用语。考虑一下你的谈话,选出一些你能进行改变的词汇和句子,并注入一些幽默。
第五段:作者对自己的观点进一步引申论证,指出幽默的关键是要出人意料。
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 2009考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解(25)