历年考研真题——1997年英语试题及答案

考研网

　　Part I Structure and Vocabulary
        　　Sections A
        　　Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A),B),C)andD). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)
        　　1.The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, _____ could go penniless by next year.
        　　A)the larger one　　 B)the larger of which
        　　C)the largest one　　D)the largest of which
        　　2.Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always _____ with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.
        　　A)combined　　B)having combined　　C)combine　　 D)being combined
        　　3.Andrew, my father's younger brother, will not be at the picnic, _____ to the family's disappointment.
        　　A)much　　 B)more　　C)too much　　D)much more
        　　4.I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I _____ fully occupied the whole of last week.
        　　A)were　　B)had been　　C)have been　　D)was
        　　5.Help will come from the UN, but the aid will be _____ near what's needed.
        　　A)everywhere　　B)somewhere　　C)nowhere　　D)anywhere
        　　6.The chief reason for the population growth isn't so much a rise in birth rates _____ a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.
        　　A)and　　B)as　　C)but　　D)or
        　　7.He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. _____ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.
        　　A)What little　　B)So much　　C)How much　　D)So little
        　　8.Although we feel dissatisfied with the election results, we have to become reconciled _____ the decision made by our fellow countrymen.
        　　A)for　　B)on　　C)to　　D)in
        　　9.Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _____ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.
        　　A)adding　　B)to have added　　C)to add　　D)added
        　　10.The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly _____ .
        　　A)noticed　　B)to be noticed　　C)being noticed　　D)to notice

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        　　Section B
        　　Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A),B),C)andD). Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)
        　　Example:
        　　A number of A) foreign visitors were taken B) to the industrial exhibition which C) they saw D) many new products.
        　　Part C) is wrong. The sentence should read,"A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products."So you should choose C).
        　　11.Although Professor Green's lectures usually ran over A) the fifty minute B) period, but none C) of his students even D) objected as they found his lectures both informative and interesting.
        　　12.When A) Edison died, it was proposed that the American people turned off B) all power C) in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of D) this great man.
        　　13.They pointed out A) the damage which B) they supposed that C) had been done by last night's D) storm.
        　　14.Because of A) the recent accidents, our parents forbid my brother and me from swimming B) in the river unless C) someone agrees to watch D) over us.
        　　15.A great many A) teachers firmly B) believe that English is one of the poorest taught C) subjects in high schools at present. D)
        　　16.In this way these insects show an efficient use of their soundproduced A) ability, organizing B) two sounds delivered C) at a high rate as one call. D)
        　　17.I thought the technician was to blame A) for the blowing B) of the fuse, but I see now how C) I was D) mistaken.
        　　18.For him to be re elected, A) what is essential is not that his policy works, B) but that C) the public believe that it is. D)
        　　19.As far as A) I am concerned, his politics are B) rather conservative compared C) with other politicians. D)
        　　20.I'd say whenever you are going A) after something that is belonging B) to you, anyone who is depriving C) you of the right to have it is criminal. D)
        　　Sections C

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        　　Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)
        　　Example:
        　　The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.
        　　A)vanishedB)scattered C)abandonedD)rejected
        　　The sentence should read,"The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway."Therefore, you should choose C).
        　　21.When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them _____.
        　　A)off　　B)aside　　C)out　　D)down
        　　22.The wealth of a country should be measured _____ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.
        　　A)in line with　　B)in terms of　　C)in regard with　　D)by means of
        　　23.He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any _____ on what he promises.
        　　A)faith　　B)belief　　C)credit　　D)reliance
        　　24.My students found the book _____ it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.
        　　A)enlightening　　B)confusing　　C)distracting　　D)amusing
        　　25.Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _____ down the economy.
        　　A)put　　B)settle　　C)drag　　D)knock
        　　26.In this factory the machines are not regulated _____ but are jointly controlled by a central computer system.
        　　A)independently　　B)individually　　C)irrespectively　　D)irregularly
        　　27.Every chemical change either results from energy being sued to produce the change, or causes energy to be _____ in some form.
        　　A)given off　　B)put out　　C)set off　　D)used up
        　　28.If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the result that incomes from taxation might actually _____ .
        　　A)shrink　　B)delay　　C)disperse　　D)sink
        　　29.American companies are evolving from massproduction manufacturing to _____ enterprises.
        　　A)moveable　　B)changing　　C)flexible　　D)varying

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        　　30.If you know what the trouble is, why don't you help them to _____ the situation?
        　　A)simplify　　B)modify　　C)verify　　D)rectify
        　　31.I can't _____ what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.
        　　A)figure out　　B)draw out　　C)look out　　D)work out
        　　32.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat _____ .
        　　A)disapproval　　B)rejection　　C)refusal　　D)decline
        　　33.From this material we can _____ hundreds of what you may call direct products.
        　　A)derive　　B)discern　　C)diminish　　D)displace
        　　34.She had clearly no _____ of doing any work, although she was very well paid.
        　　A)tendency　　B)ambition　　C)intention　　D)wilngness
        　　35.What seems confusing or fragmented at first might well become _____ a third time.
        　　A)clean and measurable　　B)notable and systematic
        　　C)pure and wholesome　　D)clear and organic
        　　36.The public opinion was that the time was not _____ for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.
        　　A)reasonable　　B)ripe　　C)ready　　D)practical
        　　37.Hudson said he could not kill a living thing except for the _____ of hunger.
        　　A)sensation　　B)cause　　C)purpose　　D)motive
        　　38.For the new country to survive, _____ for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.
        　　A)to name a few　　B)let alone　　C)not to speak　　D)let's say
        　　39.Foreign disinvestment and the _____ of South Africa from world capital markets after 1985 further weakened its economy.
        　　A)displacement　　B)elimination　　C)exclusion　　D)exception
        　　40.When a number of people _____ together in a conversational knot, each individual expresses his position in the group by where he stands.
        　　A)pad　　B)pack　　C)squeeze　　D)cluster

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        　　Part II Cloze Test
        　　Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A),B),C),D). Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)
        　　Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world's largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 41 into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day's work for a day's pay. One day at a time 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.
        　　44 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers. This "45" work force is the most important 46 in American business today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 50 that came from being a loyal employee.
        　　41. A)swarm B)stride C)separate D)slip
        　　42. A)For B)Because C)As D)Since
        　　43. A)from B)in C)on D)by
        　　44. A)Even though B)Now that C)If only D)Provided that
        　　45. A)durable B)disposable C)available D)transferable
        　　46. A)approach B)flow C)fashion D)trend
        　　47. A)instantly B)reversely C)fundamentally D)sufficiently
        　　48. A)but B)while C)and D)whereas
        　　49. A)imposed B)restricted C)illustrated D)confined
        　　50. A)excitement B)conviction C)enthusiasm D)importance

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        　　Part III Reading Comprehension
        　　Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A),B),C) and D). Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points)
        　　Passage 1
        　　It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess:"We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history."
        　　The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.

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        　　Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a"cooling off"period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition."I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,"he says.
        　　51.From the second paragraph we learn that _____ .
        　　A)the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
        　　B)physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
        　　C)changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law
        　　D)it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage
        　　52.When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means _____.
        　　A)observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia
        　　B)similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries
        　　C)observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes
        　　D)the effecttaking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop
        　　53.When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will _____.
        　　A)face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia
        　　B)experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
        　　C)have an intense fear of terrible suffering
        　　D)undergo a cooling off period of seven days
        　　54.The author's attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of _____.
        　　A)opposition　　B)suspicion　　C)approval　　D)indifference

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        　　Passage 2
        　　A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small minded officials, rude waiters, and illmannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.
        　　For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.
        　　The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.
        　　Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails."I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing."Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
        　　As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meant that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to"translate"cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word"friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many American value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
        　　55.In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, _____.
        　　A)rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US
        　　B)small minded officials deserve a serious comment
        　　C)Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
        　　D)most Americans are ready to offer help
        　　56.It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _____.
        　　A)culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship
        　　B)courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated
        　　C)various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends
        　　D)social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions
        　　57.Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers _____.
        　　A)to improve their hard life
        　　B)in view of their long distance travel
       
       
        　　C)to add some flavor to their own daily life
        　　D)out of a charitable impulse

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        　　58.The tradition of hospitality to strangers _____.
        　　A)tends to be superficial and artificial
        　　B)is generally well kept up in the United States
        　　C)is always understood properly
        　　D)was something to do with the busy tourist trails
        　　Passage 3
        　　Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase"substance abuse"is often used instead of"drug abuse"to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
        　　We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
        　　Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning"mindmanifesting") because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.

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        　　59."Substance abuse"(Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to"drug abuse"in that _____.
        　　A)substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used
        　　B)"drug abuse"is only related to a limited number of drug takers
        　　C)alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine
        　　D)many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous
        　　60.The word"pervasive"(Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean _____.
        　　A)widespread　　B)overwhelming　　C)piercing　　D)fashionable
        　　61.Physical dependence on certain substances results from _____.
        　　A)uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time
        　　B)exclusive use of them for social purposes
        　　C)quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases
        　　D)careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms
        　　62.From the last paragraph we can infer that _____.
        　　A)stimulants function positively on the mind
        　　B)hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health
        　　C)depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances
        　　D)the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groups
        　　Passage 4
        　　No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation."Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?"Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week."You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?"At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It's a selfexamination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.
        　　At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt, which will increase to17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.
        　　The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice T's violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet."The test of any democratic society,"he wrote in a Wall Streel Journal column,"lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat in the face of any threats."