考研英语阅读理解词义题解题技巧

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考试大魔鬼步步逼近，小小编给你带来了考研英语阅读理解之态度题解题技巧。词义题是阅读的基本题型之一，虽出现频率不高(但所占分值不高，每年基本1-2题，占2-4分，一般不超过阅读总分值的10%)，但对于考研这种选拔性测试，分分必争，因而语义题的正确解答对阅读理解来说也是必须掌握的类型之一。
考研英语阅读理解词义题解题技巧
一、题型特征
第一：推测词汇含义。考查考生对所熟悉的词汇在特定语境下正确含义的理解，即所谓的熟词生义，常见的提问方式如下：What is the possible meaning of the word “deterioration” in the last paragraght mean_____.
第二：推测短语或短句的含义，考查考生通过文章主题、上下文的语境来推测短语或短句在文中的具体含义，常见的提问方式如下：According to the author, “No pains, no gains” means _____.
二、解题技巧
• 构词法
例：In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption” launched by the 19th –century department stores that offered 'vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite. “these were stores ”anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act. “The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. [2006,text1]
The word “homogenizing” most probably means_____.
[A] identifying
[B] association
[C] assimilating
[D] monopolizing
【答案】C
【解析】前缀homo-表示“同一”，例如homophone(同音字)=homo(同一)+phone(声音)，homogenizing=homo(同一)+geniz(e)(可以将其看成是由gene一词派生)，可以初步判断该词的含义为“使基因产生一致”。另外，全文主要在讨论美国的社会机制使得来自不同国家和地区的人都变得同一。因此我们可以得出，“homogenizing”的含义为“同化”，选项中与其同义替换的词为“assimilating”。
• 利用语境或者上下文线索猜测生词
上下文语境功能主要体现在常见的词汇复现中。词汇复现就是指以某个词为中心，这个单词的原词，或者它的近义词、指代词、衍生词和上下义词(上义词指某单词的上一级概念性单词，下义词则指其下一级概念性单词，例如animal就是tiger, lion, monkey等的上义词，而tiger, lion, monkey则是animal的下义词)反复再现在同一语篇中。
例：What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above. [2007,text1]
The word “mania” most probably means_____.
[A] fun
[B] craze
[C] hysteria
[D] excitement
【答案】B
【解析】在被考查词mania的上下文中：soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania(为足球疯狂的父母更有可能在春天怀孕，也就是足球狂热的巅 峰季节)，句子的前后由逗号隔开，逗号后面的内容其实是对前半句的补充说明。由此可见soccer mania可能与soccer mad的意思相近，那么mania的意思就是mad(疯狂，狂热)，故正确答案为B。C项带贬义;D项所表达的热爱的程度不如原文表达的深刻。整个语段中strange,mad, mania 都属于同一语义下的词汇复现。
• 根据语法知识猜测词义
利用被考词的修饰、限定成分判断其含义，此类修饰、限定成分的表现形式多样，可以是定语或同位语从句、插入语，特殊标点符号(如冒号、破折号、引号)后面的内容，甚至是有关该词的例子及定义，可以通过这些表达从侧面推断被考词的含义。
例：For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide. [2004,text1]
The expression “tip service” most probably means _____.
[A] advisory
[B] compensation
[C] interaction
[D] reminder
【答案】D
【解析】原文中提到“使用搜索代理最 好的策略是把它当成一种tip service，把接到的各种工作信息都放在特定的数据库里”。下文接着说“当你接到它的email，把它当成一种提醒再次查一次数据库”。可以看到分号前后两句虽然结构不相同，但表达的意思一致。前句中to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database等同于提到“使用搜索代理最 好的策略是把它当成一种tip service，把接到的各种工作信息都放在特定的数据库里”。下文接着说“当你接到它的email，把它当成一种提醒再次查一次数据库”(to check the database again)，后句是一个用来解释前句内容的具体实例，tip service充当的功能就是提醒，所在正确答案为D。
2019的考生们，在距离考试还有30多天的时间里，请你们保持冷静，再拿出多一心的时间和心思，为自己的阅读多积攒一些能量。愿你们走上考场的那天，没有白学的知识，没有无用的功夫。在最后有限的复习时间里，希望大家抓住重点，杜绝常见错误，愿每一位2019的考生都能学有所获！