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发表于 2017-8-6 16:40:49
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Many early large aircraft had a crew of five: two pilots, a flight engineer, a navigator and aradio operator.
许多早期的大型飞机上有五名机组成员:两名飞行员,一名飞行机师,一名领航员及一名无线电话务员。
First the radio operator went, then the navigator, and by the time the jet era was well underway in the 1970s flight engineers began to disappear too.
最先是无线电话务员消失了,然后是领航员,等到了20世纪70年代,进入喷气机时代后,飞行机师也消失了。
Next it could be the co-pilot, replaced by the autonomous flight systems now beingdeveloped.
下一个消失的会是副驾驶,被现在正在开发中的自主飞行系统取代。
The flight over Scotland will test how well air-traffic controllers can communicate with theground pilot through the aircraft.
在那架飞往苏格兰的飞机上将会测试空中交通管制员通过飞机与其地面飞行员通话的质量。
The project is also exploring ways to make the radio and satellite links secure and reliable.
该项目还在探寻使无线电及卫星连接安全可靠的方法。
But engineers still have to prepare for the eventuality that the link breaks; the aircraft thenhas to have enough autonomy to operate safely until communications are restored or itcan land using its own guidance systems.
但是工程师仍必须为连接中断的可能性做好准备;然后飞机必须要有足够的自主权来保证飞行安全,直至通讯恢复正常,或者能够使用自己的导航系统着陆。
Unmanned aircraft will, therefore, need a sense and avoid capability.
因此无人驾驶飞机需要感应并规避的能力。
This can be provided by transponders that bleep the aircraft’s presence to other aeroplanesand air-traffic controllers.
异频雷达收发机便具备这一功能,它会发出哔哔声来提示其它飞机及空中交通管制员本飞机的存在。
But not all manned aircraft have such kit.
但并非所有的有人驾驶飞机都有该功能。
Some light aircraft and gliders operating at low altitudes in clear weather are not required tohave even radios, let alone transponders or radar.
一些在晴朗天气下进行低空飞行的轻型飞机和滑翔机甚至不需要无线电,更别提异频雷达收发机或雷达了。
Which is why pilots keep their eyes peeled when such traffic might be about.
这也是为什么在可能发生这种情况时,飞行员要时刻保持警惕。
ASTRAEA’s Jetstream, therefore, also uses video cameras to allow the ground pilot to lookaround outside the cockpit.
因此ASTRAEA的捷流号还使用了摄像头以便使地面飞行员可以查看驾驶舱外的情况。
Image-recognition software can warn of other aircraft.
影像识别软件可以在出现其它飞机时发出警告,
This is being tested against different backgrounds, such as a cluttered landscape or a hazysky.
目前正在不同的环境下对该功能进行测试,如地形复杂或天空雾蒙蒙的环境。
In other trials, different aircraft are being flown in the vicinity of the Jetstream, and some ofthem will be flown deliberately towards it on a potential collision course, to see if theseintruding aircraft can be recognised by the automated systems and the appropriateavoiding action taken.
在其它的试验中,不同的飞机飞至捷流附近,其中几架故意以可能与之相撞的航线飞向捷流,以测试自动系统能否识别这些入侵的飞机并采取适当的规避措施。
These flights are taking place in an area cleared of other aircraft over the Irish Sea.
以上飞行测试是在爱尔兰海上空一片没有其它飞机经过的空域进行的。
The results to date suggest you can do sense-and-avoid as well as a human, says MrDopping-Hepenstal.
迄今为止的测试结果表明系统的感应并规避的能力能做到和人一样, Dopping-Hepensta说。
A pilotless plane must also be able to act autonomously in an emergency.
在发生紧急状况时,无人机必须能够自行采取行动。
In the event of an engine failure, for instance, it could use its navigational map to locate asuitable area to put down.
比如,如果一台引擎发生故障,无人机需要使用其航行图来找到合适地点降落。
But what if this was an open field that happened to be in use for, say, a fair?
但如果其选择的空地恰好被占用了,比如说成了集市,怎么办?
A forward-looking video camera might show a ground pilot that.
此时前视摄像头会将此影像传给地面飞行员。
But if communications were lost the aircraft would rely on image-recognition software andan infra-red camera to detect the heat given off by people and machines and so decide to tryto land elsewhere.
但如果通讯中断,飞机将依靠影像识别软件及红外摄像头来感知人或机器发出的热量,以此来决定去其它地点降落。
The ASTRAEA researchers are carrying out a lot of their work using flight simulators andair-traffic-control data.
ASTRAEA的研究人员的许多工作都是通过飞行模拟装置及空中交通管制数据来完成的。
But eventually they will still have to prove that their systems can work in the realworld—even during emergency landings.
但最终他们还是要证明他们的系统要能应用在现实的世界里,甚至在紧急迫降时也能使用。
In order to satisfy risk-averse aviation regulators, the researchers are working with Britain’sCivil Aviation Authority to certify a virtual pilotless aircraft for use in civil airspace.
为了让民航协调员在规避风险方面满意,研究人员与英国民航局一起验证了虚拟的无人机用于民用空域的可行性,
The intention is not to certify an actual aircraft, but for both sides to learn what will berequired to do so.
其目的并非是要对真正的无人机进行验证,而是为了让双方了解需要为此做些什么。
Some of the technologies being developed are also likely to find their way into mannedaircraft as a backup for pilots, and possibly for cars too.
开发出来技术中有一些可能作为飞行员的后备而应用到有人驾驶飞机,还有可能应用到汽车上。
Systems that provide automatic braking and motorway-lane control, for instance, alreadyfeature in many types of car.
例如,许多种的汽车都已经配备了自动刹车及公路车道控制系统。
These features take cars some of the way towards autonomy.
这些功能让汽车走上了无人驾驶之路。
But driverless cars, like pilotless planes, will have to fit in with existing infrastructure andregulations, not least insurance liability, before they can take off.
但是无人驾驶汽车与无人驾驶飞机一样,在出发前,需要先符合现有的基础设施及规章,尤其是明确保险责任。
词语解释
1.respond to 应对;回答
A spokesman didn't respond to requests forcomment.
该公司一位发言人没有回应记者的置评请求。
Government officials did not respond to requestsfor comment.
缅甸政府官员没有回应记者的置评要求。
2.take care 注意,当心
A brother, who will always take care of you.
我是你的哥哥,我会一直照顾着你的。
Take care what language you use around children; they mimic the way adults speak.
在孩子身边时,注意你的言辞;孩子们会模仿成人讲话的方式。
3.allow to 允许
Allow to freeze solid for 3-4 hours or overnight.
允许冻结3-4小时或隔夜固体。
Apply solution to the tube and allow to become tacky.
在内胎上涂抹胶水并让它发粘。
4.take over 接管;帮…学习
After mr abbas steps down, who will take over?
在阿巴斯辞职之后,又有谁来接管巴当局?
Are you planning on appointing an heir to take over your responsibilities upon retirement?
你有无计划在退休时安排一位接班人接替你的工作?
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