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发表于 2017-8-6 16:54:34
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二、推理判断题：25%
(一)命题形式。根据推理判断题的性质和出题范围，我们可以大致把这种题型分为三种类别：
1.局部推理题，文章的一句话或几句话、抑或是一两个段落，是相对比较容易快速定位的推理题，题干提示词，如believe, imply, according to the author等。
例如：It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that__. (2007)
The statement “it is all too monkey” (last line, paragraph 1) implies that__. (2005)
2.全文推理题，这种题型一般不仅是考查对于全文中心思想的推理，同样也是考查对细节的推理，只不过是这些细节散布在文章的各个角落，需要考生进行全面的归纳。
例如：The text suggests that immigrants now in the US_. (2006)
It can be inferred from the text that public services_. (2002)
3.判断题，这种题型是细节题和推理题的综合 ，一般的问法为which of the following is true，或者Which of the following is not true等，要求考生找到符合原文信息的选项，而且四个选项所涉及的内容可能分布在文章各个段落，需要考生迅速定位并进行推理判断。
(二)解题技巧。
1.精读题干，充分了解题目要求我们进行推理和判断的内容;
2.定位原文：要理解文章的字面意思，弄清上下文的整体逻辑;
3.推测作者遣词造句中的深层含义;
(三)选项特点：
1.正确答案选项的特点
(1) 综合性和概括性：尤其是当四个选项都符合常识或者题目意思的时候，意义最丰富的那个选项往往是正确答案;
(2)正确答案的表述一般不会用绝对词汇，而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等;
2.干扰选项的特点
(1) 原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当成间接推理;
(2)因果颠倒，例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果，把原文的手段变成了选项中的目的;
(3)符合常识，非文章推理。因此，同学们要注意不能根据自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理，因为命题者考查的是考生揣摩作者意图的能力;
(4) 推理过头、概括过度，虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据;
(5) 纯属编造。
例如：36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that()2012text4
[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.
[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.
[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.
[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.
If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.
解析：选C，由红色字体我们可以推断出C为正确答案。A用现在时来迷惑大家，文章的基调是过去时。B段中第一句是条件状语从句：如果工会会员Hoffa还健在的话，他会代表公务员。从这句我们不能推断出他曾经是公务员。D中政府与工会会员的关系，在本段并没有提到。
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