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2011年硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题及参考答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions：
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.
Canprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3?
Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation’scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheWebasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.
Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense10bythegovernment.
GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.
12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa13community.
Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns”.
Still,theadministration’splanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet“drive’slicense”mentality.
Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.
1．
A.swept
B.skipped
C.walked
D.ridden
2．
A.for
B.within
C.while
D.though
3．
A.careless
B.lawless
C.pointless
D.helpless
4．
A.reason
B.reminder
C.compromise
D.proposal
5．
A.information
B.interference
C.entertainment
D.equivalent
6．
A.by
B.into
C.from
D.over
7．
A.linked
B.directed
C.chained
D.compared
8．
A.dismiss
B.discover
C.create
D.improve
9．
A.recall
B.suggest
C.select
D.realize
10．
A.relcased
B.issued
C.distributed
D.delivered
11．
A.carryon
B.lingeron
C.setin
D.login
12．
A.Invain
B.Ineffect
C.Inreturn
D.Incontrast
13．
A.trusted
B.modernized
c.thriving
D.competing
14．
A.caution
B.delight
C.confidence
D.patience
15．
A.on
B.after
C.beyond
D.across
16．
A.divided
B.disappointed
C.protected
D.united
17．
A.frequestly
B.incidentally
C.occasionally
D.eventually
18．
A.skepticism
B.relerance
C.indifference
D.enthusiasm
19．
A.manageable
B.defendable
C.vulnerable
D.invisible
20．
A.invited
B.appointed
C.allowed
D.forced
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.
Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.
TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup.”Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.
Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor.
[A]gainingexcessiveprofits
[B]failingtofulfillherduty
[C]refusingtomakecompromises
[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes
22.WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe.
[A]generousinvestors
[B]unbiasedexecutives
[C]sharepriceforecasters
[D]independentadvisers
23.AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector’ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto.
[A]becomemorestable
[B]reportincreasedearnings
[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket
[D]performworseinlawsuits
24.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.
[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm
[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm
[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm
[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm
25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis.
[A]permissive
[B]positive
[C]scornful
[D]critical
Text2
Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America’sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.
Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.
Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.
Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.
Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspaperareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.Butcompletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.
26.Bysaying“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”(Lines3-4,Para.1),theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper.
[A]neglectedthesignofcrisis
[B]failedtogetstatesubsidies
[C]werenotcharitablecorporations
[D]wereinadesperatesituation
27.Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause.
[A]readersthreatenedtopayless
[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts
[C]journalistsreportedlittleabouttheseareas
[D]subscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproducts
28.ComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecausethey.
[A]havemoresourcesofrevenue
[B]havemorebalancednewsroomsⅠ.Ineachsentence,decidewhichofthefourchoiceagivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesen-
tenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)
l.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto_wantstohaveit.
A.whomeverB.someoneC.whoeverD.anyone
2.Afterhavinggone_far,Georgedidnotwanttoturnback.
A.enoughB.muchC.suchD.that
3._allourkindnesstohelpher,Sarahrefusedtolistentous.
A.AtB.ForC.InD.On
4.Richarddoesn'tthinkhecouldever_whatiscalled"free-style"poetry.
A.takeonB.takeoverC.taketoD.takeafter
5.Inthepastmengenerallyperferedthattheirwives_inthehome.
A.workedB.wouldworkC.workD.wereworking
6.Idon'twanttolendanymoremoneytohim;he'salreadyindebt_me.
A.toB.forC.ofD.with
7.Thebusinessofeachday,_sellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.
A.itbeingB.beitC.wasitD.itwas
8.Careydidn'tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshe_thebabyforhersisteruntil9:30.
A.musthavelookedafterBwouldhavetolookafter
C.hadtolookafterD.shouldhavelookedafter
9._,hedoesgetinitatedwithhersometimes.
A.AshelikeshermuchB.Muchthoughhelikesher
C.ThoughmuchhelikeherD.Muchashelikesher
IO.CalifomiansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand_bythesamefederallaws.
A.standB.conformC.abideD.sustain
Il.Thevocabularyofanytechnicaldiscussionmayincludewordswhichareneverusedoutside
thesubjectorfield_.
A.inviewB.inquestionC.incaseD.ineffect
12.Thelong-awaitedHubbleSpaceTelescope,_toorbittheEarthnextMarch,willob-
servesomeoftheoldeststarsinthesky.
A.subjectB.owingC.availableD.due
13._oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.
A.TobefreeB.FreeingC.TofreeD.Freed
14.Thepatienthasbeen_ofthesafetyoftheoperation.
A.assuredB.guaranteedC.entrustedD.confirmed
15.Willyou_thispassagetoseeifthereisanymisprint?
A.lookupB.gooverC.dwellon"D.workout
16.Thepatientsbelievethatthedoctorknowsexactlyhowtoputthem_.
A.correctB.straightC.rightD.well
17.Althoughhethoughthewashelpinguspreparethedinner,hewasactuaily_the
way.
A.inB.byC.offD.on
18.Ifwebelievesomethingisgoodandtrueweshouldtnit.
A.holdupB.keeponC.holdonD.keepup
19._,morethan200housesandbuildingsareheatedbysolarenergy,nottomention
thebigcitiesintheregion.
A.AloneinthesmalltownB.Inthesmallalonetown
C.InthealonesmalltownD.Inthesmalltowllalone
20.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylightyesterday.
A.toberobbedB.robbed
C.tohavebeenrobbedD.havingbeenrobbed
21.Theengineersaregoingthroughwiththeirhighwayproject,theexpenseshave
risen.
A.eventhoughB.justbecause
C.nowthatD.asthough
22:Althoughwehadtoldthennottokeepuswaiting,theymadeno_tospeedupdeliv-
eries.
A.trialB.attemptC.actionD.progress
23.Waterwillcontinuetobe_itistoday-nextinimportancetooxygen.
A.howB.whichC.asD.what
24.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he_ourchairmannow.
A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeen
C.were.D.wouldbe
25.Stressfulenvironmentsleadtounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which
_increasetheriskofheartdisease.
A.intumB.inretumC.bychanceD.bytums
26.Thetouristispreventedfromenteringacountryifhedoesnothavepassport.
A..anoperativeB.avalidC.anefficientD.aneffective
27.IliketogotothecinemawhenIaminthe_forit.
A.motiveB.mindC.moodD.notion
28.Theprojectrequiresmorelaborthan
A.hasbeenputinB.havebeenputin
C.beingputinD.tobeputin
29.Circustigers,althoughtheyhavebeentamed,can_attacktheirtrainer.
A.unexpectedlyB.deliberately
C.reluctantlyD.subsequently
30.Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,_inthetropicalforest,wouldfindhis
waythroughit.
A.tobedesertedB.havingdeserted
C.tohavebeendesertedD.havingbeendeserted
Ⅱ.Eachofthepassagsbelowisfnllowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswers
aregiven.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.
PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSIIEET.(30points)
1
Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,themstofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodemlife,
butmannersontheroadsarebeaominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecome
monstersbehindthewheel.ItisaUvvywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveone
inthedriver'sseatisarnothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therude
andinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.
Perhapsthesituationcallsfora'BeKindtoOtherDrivers'campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcom-
pletelyoutofhand.
Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headed
andgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbe-
havior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsof
motoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelps
tocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmodemtralficconditions.But
suchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon'teven
seemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.
However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwho
brakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsolnehazardtofollowingtraffic,
whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossa
zebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesame
goesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysa-
mazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.
Aveterandriver,whosemallnersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristsleamtto
filtercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverise
tobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan'tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthe
subtleraspectsofroadsmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-owrner-shipexplo-
sionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofusto
takethismessagetoheart.
31.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby
A.people'sattitudetowardstheroad-hog
B.therhythmofmodemlife
C.thebehaviorofthedriver
D.trafficconditions
32.Thesentence"Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule."(Para.I)impliesthat
A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists
B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally
C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog
D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists
33.By"goodsense",thewritermeans
A.thedriver'sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably
B.thedriver'spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions
C.thedriver'stoleranceofnldeorevensavagebehavior
D.thedriver'sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations
34.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaoeofcar-owner-shipexplosion,
A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice
B.drlversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother
C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves
d.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers
35.Inthewriter'sopinion,
A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded
B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly
C.rudedriversshouldbepunished
D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams
2
Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror--theglassintheroofof
agreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.
Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theannospherewillbe3Cwarmerintheyear
2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresenttate.Ifthiswarminguptook
place,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresand
severelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreat
changesintheclimateofthenonthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationof
earth'schieffood-growingzones.
Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArctic
becausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.Buttheweatherexperts
arenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegressof
warming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfifty
yearsfromtheburningoffuels.
SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydispappearing.Theevi-
denceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxide
warmstheearth.
However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemto
befalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhave
exceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectonthe
weather?
Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhave
studiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthe
sunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentas-
pectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionof
theearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariable
overalongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.
Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsand
theactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,"includingthelastIceAge.Theproblemisthat
themodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Oneway
ofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolaref-
fectsovercometheinenia(惯性)oftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectof
carbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun'sdiminishingheat.
36.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould
A.preventthesun'sraysfromleechingtheearth'ssurface
B.meanawarmingupintheArctic
C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenoHhemhemisphere
D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth'ssurface
37.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain
A.thegreenhouseeffect
B.thesolareffectsontheearth
C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions
D.thecausesaffectingweather
38.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthemhemisphere,temperaturesthere
seemtobefaILing.Thisis
A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising
B.possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting
C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheineniaoftheearth'sclimate
D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy
39.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat
A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler
B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth'sclimatetotakeeffect
C.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects
D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect
40.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,
A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetobummorefuels
B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere
C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheeartheven
morequickly
D.thegreenhouseeffectoouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth
3
Somepeoplebelievethatintemationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatif
countriesplaygamestogethertheywillleamtolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:
thatintemationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstanding8ndhatred.
Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicgameshavedone
littletosupporttheviewthatsportsencouragesintenationalbrotherhood.Notonly,wastherethe
tragicincidentinvolvingthemurderofathletes,buttheGameswerealsoruinedbylesserinci-
dentscausedprincipallybvminornationalcontests.
Onecountryreceiveditssecond-placemedalswithvisibleindignationafterthehorkey(曲棍球
)final.Therehadbeennoisyscenesattheendofthehockeymatch,thelosersobjectingtothe
finaldecisions.Theywereconvincedthatoneoftheirgoalsshouldnothavebeendisallowedand
thattheiropponents'victorywasunfair.Theirmanagerwasinaragewhenhesaid:"Thiswasn'
thockey.HockeyandtheIntenationalHockeyFederatiorarefinished."Thepresidentofthe
Federationsaidlaterthatsuchbehaviorcouldresultinthesuspensionoftheteamforatleastthree
years.
TheAnlericanbasketballteamannouncedthattheywouldnotyieldfirstplacetoRussia,af-
teradisputableendtotheircontest.Thegamehadendedindisturbance.Itwasthoughtatfirst
thattheUnitedStateshadwon,byasinglepoint,butitwasannouncedthattherewerethree
secondsstilltoplay.ARussianplayerthenthrewtheballfromoneendofthecourttotheother,
andanotherplayerpoppeditintothebasket.ItwasthefirsttimetheUSAhadeverlostan
Olympicbasketballmatch.Anappealjurydebatedthematterforfourandahalfhoursbeforean-
nouncingthattheresultwouldstand.TheAmericanplayersthenvotednottoreceivethesilver
medals.
Incidentsofthiskindwillcontinueaslongassportisplayedcompetitivelyratherthanforthe
loveofthegame.Thesuggestionthatathletesshouldcompeteasindividuals,orinnon-national
teams,mightbetoomuchtohopefor.ButinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicsthereisfar
toomuchthatencouragesaggressivepatriotism.
41.Accordingtotheauthor,recentOlympicGameshave__
A.createdgoodwillbetweenthenations
B.bredonlyfalsenationalpride
C.barelyshowedanyintemationalfriendship
D.ledtomoreandmoremisunderstandingandhatred
42.Whatdidthemanagermeanbysaying,"...HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFedera-
tionarefinished"?
A.Histeamwouldnolongertakepartininternationalgames.
B.HockeyandtheFederationarebothruinedbytheunfairdecisions.
C.ThereshouldbenomorehockeymatchesorganizedbytheFederation.
D.TheFederationshouldbedissolved.
43.Thebasketballexampleimpliedthat
A.toomuchpatriotismwasdisplayedintheincident
B.theannouncementtoprolongthematchwaswrong
C.theappealjurywastoohesitantinmakingthedecision
D.theAmericanteamwasrightinrejectingthesilvermedals
44.Theauthorgivesthetwoexamplesinparagraphs2and3toshow
A.howfalsenationalprideledtoundesirableincidentsininternationalgames
B.thatsportsmenhavebeenmoreobedientthantheyusedtobe
C.thatcompetitivenessinthegamesdiscouragesintenrationalfriendship
D.thatunfairdecisionsarecommoninOlympicGames
45.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?
A.TheorganizationoftheOlympicGamesmustbeimproved.
B.AthletesshouldoompeteasindividuakintheOlympicGames.
C.Sportshouldbeplayedcompetitivelyratherthanfortheloveofthegame.
D.Internationalcontestsareliableformisunderstandingbetweennations.
Ⅲ.ForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherefourchoiceslabelledA,B,C,
andD.ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEETbyblackening(15points)
ThekeytotheindustrializationofspaceistheU.S.spaceshuttle.(46)it,astronauts
willacquireaworkhousevehicle(47)offlyingintospaceandreturningmanytiems.(48)
_byreusablerocketsthatcanliftaloadof65,OOOpounds,theshuttlewillcarrydevicesforsi-
entificinquiry,as(49)asavarietyofmilitaryhardware.(50)moresignificantly,it
will(51)materialsandmachinesintospaceforindustrialpurposes(52)twodecadesago
when"sputnik"(artificialsatellite)was(53)tovocabulary.Inshort,the(54)im-
portanceoftheshuttleliesinits(55)asaneconomictool.
Whatmakesthespaceshuttle(56)isthatittakesofflikearocketbutlandslikeanair-
plane.(57),whenithasaccomplishedits(58),itcanbereadyfor(59)tripin
abouttwoweeks.
Thespaceshuttle,theworld'sfirsttruespaceship,isamagnificentstep(60)making
theimpossiblepossibleforthebenefitandsurvivalofman.
46.A.InB.OnC.ByD.With
47.A.capableB.suitableC.efficientD.fit
48.A.ServedB.PoweredC.ForcedDReinforced
49.A.farB.wellC.muchD.long.
50.A.ThenB.OrC.ButD.So
51.A.supplyB.introduceC.deliverD.transfer
52.A.unimaginedB.unsettledC.uncoveredD.unsolved
53.A.attributedB.contributedC.appliedD.added
54.A.generalB.essentialC.prevailingD.ultimate
55.A.promiseB.prosperityC.popularityD.priority
56.A.exceptionalB.strangeC.uniqueD.rare
57.A.ThusB.WhereasC.NeverthelessD.Yet
58.A.ventureB.missionC.commissionD.responsibility
59.A.newB.anotherC.certainD.subsequent
60.A.forB.byC.inD.through
Ⅳ.Eachofthefnllowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.ThesepartsarelabeliedA,B,C
andD.IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheAN.
SWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcor-
rectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(1Opoints)
61.Youngreaders,moreoftenthannot,findthenovelsofDlckensfarmoreexcitingthan
ABC
Thackeray.
D
62.Peoplecannotbutfeelpuzzling,fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemade
ABCD
suchastupidmistake.
63.NowherebutinEuropewehaveseentheresultssoclearly,whichreallyhavesurprised
ABC
usall.
D
64.Theamountofpressurewhichthematerialsaresubjecttoaffectthequalityoftheproducts.
ABCD
65.Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;Ishouldplaneverythingaheadcarefully.
ABCD
66.Theproblemofunemploymentthegovemmentswantsolvedisasseriousasneverinthese
ABC
underdevelopedcountries.
D
67.Manyspeciescancommunicateanamazingamountofinformationviasound,information
AB
whichboththelifeofanindividualandthecontinuedexistenceofthespeciesmaydepend.
CD
68.Itwasnotsomuchthemanyblowshereceivedforthelackoffightingspiritthatledto
ABC
hislosingthegame.
D
69.Thosepart-timestudentsexpectedtooffersomejobsoncampusduringthecomingsummer
ABCD
vacation.
70.Withproductionhavinggoneupsteadily,thefactoryneedsanever-increasingsupplyofraw
ABCD
materials.
V.ReadthefollowingpassggecarefullyandthentranlatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(15points)
Intelligence'atbestisanassumptiveconstruct-themeaningofthewordhasneverbeen
clear.(71)Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorrefeuedtobythetermthanthereis
onhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceis
onewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbaland
mathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Artintelligencetestisaroughmeasureofachild'sca-
pacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnot
measurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Itis
notsupposedto-itwasnotdesignedforsuchpurposes.(72)Tocriticiseitforsuchfailureis
roughlycomparabletocriticisingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.
Theotherthingwehavetonoticeisthattheassessmentoftheintelligenceofanysubjectis
essentiallyacomparativeaffair.
(73)Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethat
thescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa'valid'or'fair'comparison.Itis
herethatsomeofthedifficultieswhichinterestusbegin.Anytestperformedinvolvesatleast
threefactors:theintentiontodoone'sbest,theknowledgerequiredforunderstandingwhatyou
havetodo,andtheintellectualabilitytodoit.(74)Thefirsttwomustbeequalforallwhoare
beingcompared,ifanycomparisonintermsofintelligenceistobemade.Inschoolpopulationsin
ourculturetheseassumptionscanbemadefairandreasonable,andthevalueofintelligencetest-
inghasbeenprovedthoroughly.Itsvaluelies,ofcourse,initsprovidingasatisfactorybasisfor
prediction.Nooneisintheleastinterestedinthemarksalittlechildgetsonhistest;whatwe
areinterestediniswhetherwecanconcludefromhismarkonthetestthatthechildwindobetter
orworsethanotherchildrenofhisageattaskswhichwethinkrequire'generalintelligence'.
(75)Onthewholesuchaconclusioncanbedrawnwithacertaindegreeofconfidence,butonlyif
thechildcanbeassumedtohavehadthesameattitudetowardsthetestastheotherwithwhom
heisbeingcompared,andonlyifhewasnotpunishedbylackofrelevantinformationwhichthey
possessed.
Ⅵ.Writing(15points)
DIRECTIONS:
A)Title:FORABETTERUNDERSTANDINGBETWEENPARENTANDCHILD
B)Timelimit:40minutes
C)Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludtngthegivenopeningsentence)
D)YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegiv-
enopeningsentence.
E)YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyintheANISWERSHEET.
OUTLINE:
1.Presentsituation:Lackofcommunicationbetweenparentandchild
2.Possiblereasons:
1)Differentlikesanddislikes
2)Misunderstanding
3)Others
3.Suggestions:
l)Forparents
2)Forchildren
答案:
Ⅰ.l.C2.D3.B4.C5.C
6.A7.B8.C9.D10.C
11.B12.D13.D14.A15.B
t6.C17.A18.C19.D20.C
21.A22.B23.D24.D25.A
26.B27.C28.A29.A30.D
Ⅱ.31.C32.O33.A34.B35.B
36.D37.D38.D39.A40.D
41.C42.B43.A44.C45.A
Ⅲ.46.D47.A48.B49.B50.C
51.C52.A53.D54.D55.A
56.C57.A58.B59.B60.C
Ⅳ.61.(D)Thackery's66.(C)ever
62.tn)puzzled67.(C)onwhich
63.(A)haveweseen68.(B)as
64.(D)affects69.(A)tobeoffered
65.(C)shouldhaveplanned70.(B)going
Ⅴ.
答案:
Ⅰ.l.D2.C3.C4.C5.B
6.D7.D8.A9.A10.B
11.C12.C13.A14.B15.D
16.A'17.B18.A19.A20.D
21.D22.D23.A24.D25.A
26.B27.A28.A29.B30.B
Ⅱ.31.B32.C33.C34.B35.D
36.C37.D38.D39.C40.B
41.D42.C43.B44.A45.A
Ⅲ.46.B47.D48.A49.B50.D
51.C52.A53.C.54.B55.D
56.A57.B58.D59.C.60.B
Ⅳ.61.(C)made66.(A)havingblamed
62.(A)educationally67.(B)haveweseen
63.(A)havetaken68.(C)intothewriting
64.(B)(should)beassigned69.(D)topaythem
65.(B)written70.(C)wlththeresult
Ⅴ.
71．人们对智力这个词所指的不同表现意见比较一致，而对这些表现如何解释或分类则
有不同的看法。
72．批评智力测试不反映上述情况，犹如批评温度计不能测风速一样。
73．既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，
我们所用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。
74．如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是
一样的。
75．总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这
个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的
孩子所具有的有关知识而被扣分。
[C]arelessdependentonadvertising
[D]arelessaffectedbyreadership
29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?
[A]Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.
[B]Completenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.
[C]Foreignbureausplayacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.
[D]Readershavelosttheirinterestincarandfilmreviews.
30.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe.
[A]AmericanNewspapers:StrugglingforSurvival
[B]AmericanNewspapers:GonewiththeWind
[C]AmericanNewspapers:AThrivingBusiness
[D]AmericanNewspapers:AHopelessStory |
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发表于 2016-7-27 01:17:15