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1996年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案
PartOne:
1.Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoften_____,ofbetterthananactualperformance.
A.asgoodasBasgoodC.goodD.goodas
2.Mypain_____apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom.forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:"Areyoufeelingallright?"
A.mustbeB.hadC.musthavebeenD.hadtobe
3.Theseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookforme____shecouldrememberwholastborrowedit.
A.eversinceB.muchasC.eventhough.Difonly
4.Observationsweremade____thechildrenatthebeginningandattheendofpre-schoolandfirstgrade.
A.towardsB.ofC.onD.with
5.Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,each____onemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.
A.makesB.madeC.istomakeD.making
6.Asafetyanalysis___thetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.
A.wouldidentifyB.willidentifyC.wouldhaveidentifiedD.willhaveidentified
7.Thenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear'smarathonwashalf_____.
A.oflastyear'sB.thoseoflastyear'sC.ofthoseoflastyearD.thatoflastyear's
8.Forthere____successfulcommunication,theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent.
A.isB.tobeC.willbeD.being
9.TherewasaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanEnglishmanthatIreadrecently_____whathethoughtwasareasonforthisAmericancharacteristic.
A.givingB.gaveC.togiveD.given
10.Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything____goingonintheworld.
A.itisB.asisC.thereisD.whatis
SectionB(改错):
ll.I'dratheryouwouldgobytrain,becauseIcan'tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneABC
insuchbadweather.
D
12.It'sessentialthatpeoplebepsychologicalabletoresisttheimpactbroughtaboutbythetran-
ABC
sitionformplannedeconomytomarketeconomy.
D
13.Somebossesdisliketoallowpeopletosharetheirresponsibllities;theykeepallimportant
ABC
matterstightlyintheirownhands.
D
14.Eachcigarettewhlchapersonsmokesdoessomeharm,andeventuallyyoumaygetaserious
ABC
diseasefromitseffect.
D
15.Onthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremuchlikelytosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethose
ABC
withlittleambition.
D
16.Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatis
ABC
notfullyunderstood.
D
17.In1921EinsteinwontheNobelPrize,andwashonoredinGermanyuntiltheriseofNazism
AB
thenhewasdrivenfromGermanybecausehewasaJew.
CD
18.ThedatareceivedfromthetwospacecraftswhirlingaroundMarsindicatethatthereismuch
ABC
evidencethathugethunderstormsareoccuningabouttheequatoroftheplanet.
D
19.Generallyspeaking,thebirdflyingacrossourpathisobserved,andtheonestayingonthe
AB
treenearathandispassedbywithoutanynoticetakingofit.
CD
20.Mercury'svelocityissomuchgreaterthantheEarth'sthatitcompletesmorethanfourrev-
AB
olutionsaroundtheSuninthetimethattakestheEarthtocompleteone.
CD
SectionC:
21.IwasspeakingtoAnnonthephonewhensuddenlywewere___.
A.hungupB.hungbackC.cutdownD.cutoff
22.Shewonderedifshecouldhavetheopportunitytospend_____heresothatshecouldlearnmoreaboutthecity.
A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimeD.sometimes
23.Ms.Greenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe____witheveryonewhocomestothestore.
A.acceptedB.admittedC.admiredD.acquainted
24.Hedoesnot___asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisterrible.
A.equalB.matchC.qualifyD.fit
25.Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen____thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.
A.pursuingB.chasingC.reachingD.winning
26.Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat____thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.
A.atlargeB.atintervalsC.ateaseD.atrandom
27.Whentravelling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers'checks,whichprovideasecure____tocarryingyourmoneyincash.
A.substituteB.selectionCpreferenceD.alternative
28.InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha______character.
A.graciousB.suspiciousC.uniqueD.particular
29.Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis_____producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.
A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction
30.Ididn'tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely____myideastoproveyourpoint.
A.revisingB.contradictingC.distortingD.distracting
31.Languageculture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered____ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.
A.indistinctlyB.separatelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently
32.Watchingmepullingthecalfawkwardlytothebarn,theIrishmilkmaidfoughthardto____herlaughter.
A.holdbackB.holdonC.holdoutD.holdup
33.Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher____attitudetowardcustomers.
A.impartialB.mildC.hostileD.opposing
34.I____withthanksthehelpofmycolleaguesinthepreparationofthisnewcolumn.
A.expressBconfessC.verifyD.acknowledge
35.Itisstrictly____thataccesstoconfidentialdocumentsisdeniedtoallbutafew.
A.securedB.forbiddenD.regulatedDdetermined
36.ThepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhentheCongressisin____againnextspring.
A.assemblyB.sessionC.conferenceD.convention
37.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th____thebirthofJesusChrist.
A.inaccordancewithB.intermsof
C.infavorofD.inhonorof
38.Sinceitistoolatetochangemymindnow,Iam_____tocarryingouttheplan.
A.obligedB.committedC.engagedD.resolved
39.Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit____aswellaswehadhoped.
A.cameoffB.WentoffC.broughtOutD.madeout
40.Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust____thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld---marketdemand.
A.improveB.enhancedCguaranteeD.gear
PartTwo:
Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.
Theydonotprovideenergy,41dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor42foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andif43ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes44.
Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements-usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and45nitrogen.Theyaredifferent46theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin47oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.
48enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor49vitamins.Manypeople,50,believeinbeingonthe"safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody'svitaminneeds.
41.(A)either(B)so(C)nor(D)never
42.(A)shifting(B)transfening(C)altering(D)transforming
43.(A)any(B)some(C)anything(D)something
44.(A)serious(B)apparent(C)severe(D)fatal
45.(A)mostly(B)partially(C)sometimes(D)rarely
46.(A)inthat(B)sothat(C)suchthat(D)exceptthat
47.(A)undertakes(B)holds(C)plays(D)performs
48.(A)Supplying(B)Getting(C)Providing(D)Furnishing
49.(A)exceptional(B)exceeding(C)excess(D)external
50.(A)nevertheless(B)therefore(C)moreover(D)meanwhile
PartⅢReadingComprehension
Passagel
Tight-lippedeldersusedtosay,"It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget."Psych-ologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.
Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouse,andeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifweintendtohavefriendstodinner,weplanthemenu,makeashoppinglist,decidewhichfoodtocookfirst,andsuchplanningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.
Likewise,Ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwriteabriefaccountofyourself.Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhatyouhavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyourservices.
ThisacoountofyourselfisactuaLlyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludealucation,experienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulinpersonalinterviews.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryour"wares"andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.
Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcould-bejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgement.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:Securingajobisyourjobnow.
51.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,"It'snotwhatyauwantinthisworld,butwhat
youget."?
(A)You'llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.
(B)It'snousedreaming.
(C)Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.
(D)It'sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.
52.Ablueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas__.
(A)anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforajob
(B)anindicationofhowtosecureagoodjob
(C)aguidelineforjobdescription
(D)aprincipleforjobevaluation
53.Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajob
because__.
(A)thatisthefirststeptopleasetheemployer
(B)thatistherequirementoftheemployer
(C)itenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservices
(D)itforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareofhimself
54.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesome-
thing__.
(A)definitetooffer(B)imaginarytoprovide
(C)practicaltosupply(D)desirabletopresent
Passage2
WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation'snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostation.Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,children'spragrammesandfilmsforanannuallicencefeeof83poundsperhousehold.
Itisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years--yettheBBC'sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly-fundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogrammesarenowthesubjectofanation-widedebateinBritain.
ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionofthe
BBC-includingordinarylistenersandviewers--tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC'sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges.
DefendersoftheCorporation-ofwhomtherearemany---arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan"Ifitain'tbroke,don'tfixit."TheBBC"ain'tbroke",theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken(asdistinctfromtheword'broke',meaninghavingnomoney),sowhybothertochangeit?
YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.The
commercialTVchannels---TVandChannel4-wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment'sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitistheanivalofnewsatellitechannels--fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers'subscriptions-whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.
55.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces__.
(A)theproblemofnewcoverage(B)anuncertainprospect
(C)inquiriesbythegeneralpublic(D)shrinkageofaudience
56.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisnotmentionedasthekeyissue?
(A)ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.
(B)Programmesasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.
(C)Potentialsforfurtherintemationalco-operations.
(D)Itsexistenceasabroadcastingorganization.
57.TheBBC's"royalcharter"(Llne4,Paragraph3)standsfor__
(A)thefinancialsupportfromtherovalfamily(B)theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueen
(C)acontractwiththeQueen(D)auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily
58.TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan__
(A)theemergenceofcommercialTVchannels
(B)theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernment
(C)theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandjobs
(D)thechallengeofnewsatellitechannels
Passage3
Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury"capital"and"labour"wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.
Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld'smovementtowardsindustrialisation.TownslikeBournemouthandEastboumespranguptohouselarge."comfonable"classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders'meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand"shareholding"meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyof
thelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilisation.
The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabLedtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother'sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.
59.It'strueoftheoldfamilyfinnsthat__.
(A)theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerations
(B)theyfailedforlackofindividualinitiative
(C)theylackedefficiencycomparedwithmodemcompanies
(D)theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers
60.Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin__.
(A)theseparationofcapitalfrommanagement
(B)theownershipofcapitalbymanagers
(C)theemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwoclasses
(D)theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusiness
61.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat__.
(A)theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkers
(B)theoldfirmownershandabetterunderstandingoftheirworkers
(C)thelimitedliabilityQompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothly
(D)thetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiverole
62.Theauthorismostcriticalof___.
(A)familyfilmowners(B)landowners(C)managers(D)shareholders
Passage4
WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica-breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine?
Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry'sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,"spatial"thinkingaboutthingstechnological.
Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.
AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinvelltivenesstothiseducational
advantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,"Withamindpreparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman."
Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe"premium"system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit."fhisapproach,originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.
IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothessfairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.
Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinklngrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,"Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess...Thedesignerandtheinventor...areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist."
Thisnonverbal"spatial"thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.RobertFultononcewrote,"Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea."
Whenalltheseshapingforces--schools,openattitudes,thepremiumsystem,ageniusforspatialthinking--interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthatAmericancharacteristic,emulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.
63.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasina
largepartdueto__
(A)elemental'yschools(B)enthusiasticworkers
(C)theattractivepremiumsystem(D)aspecialwayofthinking
64.ItisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmericanmechanics__
(A)benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalknowledge
(B)shedlightondisciplinedschoolmanagement
(C)wasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhometraining
(D)owedalottothetechnologicaldevelopment
65.Atechnologistcanbecomparedtoanartistbecause__
(A)theyarebothwinnersofawards
(B)theyarebothexpertsinspatialthinking
(C)theybothabandonverbaldescription
(D)theybothusevariousinstruments
66.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe__
(A)InventiveMind(B)EffectiveSchooling
(B)WaysofThinking(D)OutpouringofInventions
Passage5
Rumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher'spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened."Scientific"creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor"equaltime"intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionareeivel,isbasedonreligion,notscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnonfundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard"scientific"creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.
ThefirstfourchaptersofKitcher'sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.Atap-
propriateplaces,heintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsandprovidesanswers.Inthelast
threechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheir
programmesandtactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.Whentheirbasicmotivationisreligious,onemighthaveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior.
Kitcherisaphilosopher,andthismayaccount,inpart,fortheclarityandeffectivenessof
hisarguments.Thenon-specialistwiUbeabletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataand
argumentthatsupportevolutionarytheory.Thefinalchapteronthecreationistswillbeextremely
cleartoall.Onthedustjacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays:"Thisbookstandsfor
reasonitself."Andsoitdoes-andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreation-
ism/evolutiondebate.
67."Creationism"inthepassagerefersto__
(A)evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheuniverse
(B)anotionofthecreationofreligion
(C)thescientificexplanationoftheearthformation
(D)thedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheuniverse
68.Kitcher'sbookisintendedto__.
(A)recommendtheviewsoftheevolutionists
(B)exposethetruefeaturesofcreationists
(C)cursebitterlyatthisopponents
(D)launchasurpriseattackoncreationists
69Fromthepassagewecaninferthat__
(A)reasoninghasplayedadecisiveroleinthedebate
(B)creationistsdonotbasetheirargumentonreasoning
(C)evolutionarytheoryistoodifficultfornon-specialists
(D)creationismissupportedbyscientificfindings
70.Thispassageappearstobeadigestof__
(A)abookreview(B)ascientificpaper
(C)amagazinefeature(D)anewspapereditorial
PartⅣEnglish-ChineseTranslation
Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.
71)Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonable
consequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.Some,how-
ever,arelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionoftheformscientif-
ictheoryoughttotake,bypersonsinauthority,acttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferentareas.
Thisisanewproblemprobablynotyetunavoidable;butitisafrighteningtrend.72)Thistrend
beganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovemmentscametotheconclusionthatthe
specificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerally
beforeseenindetail.Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswillarise
whichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itisthereforegenerallyvaluabletotreatthescien-
tificestablishmentasaresourceormachinetobekeptinfunctionalorder.73)Thisseemsmostly
effectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutof
possibleconsequenceinthefuture.
Thiskindofsupport,likeallgovernmentsupport,requiresdecisionsabouttheappropriate
recipientsoffunds.Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward.But
adecisionamongprojectsnoneofwhichhasimmediateutilityismoredifficult.Thegoalofthe
supportingagenciesisthepraisableoneofsupporting"good"asopposedto"bad"science,buta
validdeterminationisdifficulttomake.Generally,theideaofgoodsciencetendstobecomecon-
fusedwiththecapacityofthefieldinquestiontogenerateaneleganttheory.74)However,the
worldissomadethatelegantsystemsareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld's
morefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.75)Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsfor
thoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepast,givingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.
PartVWriting(15points)
76.DIRECTIONS:
A.Title:GOODHEALTH
B.Timelimit:40minutes
C.Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)
D.YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththe
givenopeningsentence:"Thedesireforgoodhealthisuniversal."
E.YOurcompositionshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.
OUTLINE:
1.Importanceofgoodhealth
2.Waystokeepfit
3.Myownpractices
答案:
l.A3.D5.D7.D9.A
2.C4.B6.C8.BIO.C
11.A,went12.B,psychologically
13.A,allowing14.C,he
15.B,aremorelikely16.C,are
17.C,when18.B,twospacecraft
19.D,taken20.C,it
21.D23.D25.A27.D29.A
22.B24.C26.B28.B30.C
31.D33.C35.C37.D39.A
32.A34.D36.B38.B40.D
41.C43.A45.C47.D49.C
42.D44.B46.A48.B50.A
51.B53.D55.B57.C59.C
52.A54.A56.C58.D60.A
61.C63.D65.B67.D69.B
62.D64.A66.A68.B70.A
71．在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求；另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。
72．这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
73．给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这个问题。
74．然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人人胜的课题的。
75．同过去—样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。
PartV.Writing
GOODHEALTH
...Whereveryouareandwhateveryoudo,stayinghealthyisalwaysimportant.Withtheimprovementofourlivingstandards,peopleareattachingmoreandmoreimportancetotheirhealth.Westudentscan'tkeepthehighstudyefficiencywithoutgood.health.Thesamethingistruewithworkers,scientistsanddoctors.
Inmyopinion,gooddietandexercisesaretwomajorwaystokeephealthy.Thefoodweeateverydaymustberationalandshouldincludemeat,vegetables,eggs,andfruit.Itisimportanttodrinkwatereverydayandnottogetaddictedtodrinkingcoffeeorsomeothersoftdrinks.Ex-ercisingeverydayisalsoessentialforustostayhealthy.Wecanridebicycles,playtennisorswim.Ofcoursewedon'tneedtoexhaustourselves.Weshouldplanourphysicalexercisesaccordingtoouractualcondition.Anhouradayisenough.
Asauniversitystudent,Ihavemuchfreetimetodoexercises.lusuallyplaybadmintonandtennis.ButsometimesIamlazyanddonotexerciseforallkindsofexcuses,suchascoldweatherandexams.Imustcorrectit.Iamalsocarefulwithmydiet.Inaway,keepinghealthyisnotveryhard,ifyoujusttakeitseriously. |
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发表于 2016-7-27 01:17:15