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Part ⅠStructure and Vocabulary(每题0.5分，共20分)选择下列答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案
Section A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times [] 1979.
［A］from［B］after［C］for［D］since
The sentence should read, I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose ［D］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
1、The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds,[] could go penniless by next year.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题测试非限制性定语从句知识，同时也涉及形容词的比较级和最高级。THE LARGER OF WHICH引导非限制性定语从句。因为主句中提到两项，两者的比较，用比较级，［D］项是最高级，所以错了。
［A］the larger one
［B］the larger of which
［C］the largest one
［D］the largest of which
2、Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free,owing to its always [] with other elements,most commonly with oxygen.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查动名词用法知识。BEING COMBINED是动名词，ITS是它的逻辑主语，合在一起构成动名词复合结构，作介词OWING TO的宾语。
［A］combined
［B］having combined
［C］combine
［D］being combined
3、Andrew,my father's younger brother,will not be at the picnic,[] to the familys disappointment.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查副词MUCH的用法。TO THE FAMILYS DISAPPOINTMENT 是“使全家感到失望的是……”，MUCH是副词，表示程度。
［A］much
［B］more
［C］too much
［D］much more
4、I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible,but I [] fully occupied the whole of last week.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查考生能否排除虚拟语气干扰，选择正确时态。BUT连接了两个并列的分句，第一个分句中用了虚拟语气的过去式，BUT后是陈述语气，动词也用一般过去时。不少考生选用［B］ HAD BEEN,那是没有注意连词是BUT。
［A］were
［B］had been
［C］have been
［D］was
5、Help will come from the UN,but the aid will be [] near what's needed.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查固定词语搭配。此题前一半是肯定句，“将可以从联合国得到帮助”，后一半由BUT连接，表示转折，显然是对前半句的否定，只有NOWHERE是否定，所以［C］项正确。
［A］everywhere
［B］somewhere
［C］nowhere
［D］anywhere
6、The chief reason for the population growth isn't so much a rise in birth rates [] a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查一固定句型NOT SO MUCH...AS...，意为“与其说……不如说……”。此句的主要结构是：THE CHIEF REASON...ISNT SO MUCH ...AS...。...NOT AS MUCH ... AS是固定搭配，意思是“如其…不如说…”。
［A］and
［B］as
［C］but
［D］or
7、He claims to be an expert in astronomy,but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject.[] he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题主要考查主语从句知识。WHAT LITTLE HE KNOWS ABOUT IT是主语从句，WHAT在从句中还作定语，修饰LITTLE，意思是“所……的一点点”。
［A］What little
［B］So much
［C］How much
［D］So little
8、Although we feel dissatisfied with the election results,we have to become reconciled [] the decision made by our fellow countrymen.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查动词与介词的搭配用法。BE RECONCILED TO是固定搭配，其中的TO是介词，后接名词。
［A］for
［B］on
［C］to
［D］in
9、Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone [] to the system,so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查现在分词及过去分词作定语时的区别。这是测试“WITH+名词+分词”的结构，实际上其中的名词是分词的逻辑主语，所以判断用现在分词，还是过去分词，要看该名词与分词的关系。该名词能发出分词动作的，用现在分词；反之，用过去分词。此句中的名词PHONE不能发出ADD这一动作，所以要用过去分词，表示被动。
［A］adding
［B］to have added
［C］to add
［D］added
10、The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly [].
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查考生对SO...AS TO...结构的熟识程度。此句主要结构是...DIFFERENCES...ARE SO TRIVIAL AND FEW AS HARDLY TO BE NOTICED。测试考生对SO...AS TO结构掌握程度。SO后面接了两个意义上表示否定的词，所以AS后面也要用否定，HARDLY正好表示否定，接TO BE NOTICED这一不定式的被动式，表示被动。
［A］noticed
［B］to be noticed
［C］being noticed
［D］to notice
Section B
Directions:
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)
Example:
A number of［A］ foreign visitors were taken［B］ to the industrial exhibition, which［C］ they saw［D］ many new products. Answer ［C］ is wrong. The sentence should read, A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.” So you should choose ［C］.
Sample Answer
［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
11、Although Professor Greens lectures usually ran (over) ［A］ the (fifty-minute) ［B］ period,(but none) ［C］ of his students (ever) ［D］ objected as they found his lectures both informative and interesting.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查连接手段问题。BUT NONE应改为NONE。句首有ALTHOUGH，后面不与BUT搭配。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
12、(When) ［A］ Edison died, it was proposed that the American people (turned off) ［B］(all power) ［C］ in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes (in honor of) ［D］ this great man.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查虚拟语气知识。TURNED OFF改为(SHOULD) TURN OFF。动词PROPOSE后面的THAT从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，形式是(SHOULD)+动词原形。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
13、They (pointed out) ［A］ the damage (which) ［B］ they supposed (that) ［C］ had been done by last (night's) ［D］ storm.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查考生对插入语的认知。THAT应当去掉。WHICH THEY SUPPOSED…到最后，是定语从句，修饰DAMAGE,关系代词WHICH在从句中作主语，THEY SUPPOSED是插入语，所以THAT是多余的。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
14、(Because of) ［A］ the recent accidents, our parents forbid my brother and me (from swimming)［B］ in the river (unless)［C］ someone agrees (to watch) ［D］ over us. 15A great many ［A］ teachers firmly ［B］ believe that English is one of the poorest-taught ［C］ subjects in high schools at present.［D］
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查考生对FORBID SB. TO DO STH.结构的把握，其中不定式作宾语补足语。FROM SWIMMING改为TO SWIM。FORBID SB.TO DO STH.是固定搭配，不用FROM DOING STH.
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
15、(A great many) [A] teachers (firmly) [B] believe that English is one of the (poorest-taught) [C] subjects in high schools (at present). [D]
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查词与词的对应修饰关系，如形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词。POORESTTAUGHT改为MOST POORLYTAUGHT或POORLIESTTAUGHT。POOREST是形容词，不可修饰过去分词TAUGHT，所以应当把POOREST改为副词最高级。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
16、In this way these insects show an efficient use of their (sound-produced) ［A］ ability, (organizing) ［B］ two sounds (delivered) ［C］ at a high rate as one (call).［D］
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］ 本题考查现在分词与过去分词作定语时的区别。SOUNDPRODUCED 改为 SOUNDPRODUCING。名词SOUND实际上是PRODUCING的宾语，所以要用现在分词表示主动，不可用过去分词。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
17、I thought the technician was (to blame) ［A］ for the (blowing) ［B］ of the fuse,but I see now (how) ［C］ I (was) ［D］mistaken.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题涉及关系词误用问题。HOW改为THAT。THAT引导名词性从句，作宾语。因为句子中没有HOW的词义，所以不可用它。若要用HOW，应说成HOW MISTAKEN I WAS。有许多考生选了［A］项，认为应当用TO BE BLAMED，实际上，总是用BE TO BLAME代替BE TO BLAMED。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
18、For him (to be re-elected),［A］what is essential is not that his policy (works), ［B］ (but that) ［C］ the public believe that it (is).［D］
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查省略式的表达问题。IS改为DOES，这儿的DOES与［B］项动词WORKS相呼应，因为WORKS是行为动词，所以用DOES来代替，而不用IS。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
19、(As far as) ［A］ I am concerned, his politics (are) ［B］rather conservative (compared) ［C］ with other (politicians).［D］
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题涉及比较结构中被比较对象的一致问题。POLITICIANS改为POLITICIANS。前面的比较对象是POLITICS，后面的比较对象是POLITICIANS，比较对象不一致，显然是错的，改成POLITICIANS后，后面省略了POLITICS。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
20、I'd say whenever you (are going) ［A］ after something that (is belonging) ［B］ to you, anyone who (is depriving) ［C］ you of the right to have it is (criminal).［D］
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查时态问题。IS BELONGING TO改为BELONGS TO。BELONG是表示状态的动词，一般不用进行时态。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
Section C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway.
［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected
The sentence should read, The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose ［C］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
21、When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them [].
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查动词短语知识。LAY OFF 是“解雇”。［B］ LAY ASIDE 是“留出，把……留待后用”；［C］ LAY OUT 是“安排，摆开”；［D］ LAY DOWN 是“放下；制定”。
［A］ off
［B］ aside
［C］ out
［D］ down
22、The wealth of a country should be measured [] the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题测试介词短语知识。IN TERMS OF 是“根据，按照”。［A］ IN LINE WITH 是“跟……一致，符合”；［C］ IN REGARD WITH 不是正确搭配；［D］ BY MEANS OF 是“依靠，用”。
［A］ in line with
［B］ in terms of
［C］ in regard with
［D］ by means of
23、He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any [] on what he promises.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查惯用搭配知识。RELIANCE 是“信赖，依靠”。PLACE RELIANCE ON 是常用搭配。其余三个词后面都不能接 ON。
［A］ faith
［B］ belief
［C］ credit
［D］ reliance
24、My students found the book []: it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查考生利用上下句句意逻辑判断做题的能力。ENLIGHTENING 是“使人受启发的”。与后面半句意思相符。［B］ CONFUSING 是“令人迷惑的”，［C］ DISTRACTING 是“分散注意力的”；［D］ AMUSING 是“逗人乐的”。
［A］ enlightening
［B］ confusing
［C］ distracting
［D］ amusing
25、Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will [] down the economy.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查动词短语知识。DRAG DOWN 是“拖垮，拖后腿”。［A］ PUT DOWN 是“放下；降落”；［B］ SETTLE DOWN 是“定居；平静下来”；［D］ KNOCK DOWN 是“击倒，撞倒”。
［A］ put
［B］ settle
［C］ drag
［D］ knock
26、In this factory the machines are not regulated [] but are jointly controlled by a central computer system.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查考生利用句意逻辑理解做题的能力。INDIVIDUALLY 是“单独地”，与后面的 JOINTLY 相呼应。［A］ INDEPENDENTLY 是“独立地”；［C］ IRRESPECTIVELY 是“不顾一切地”；［D］ IRREGULARLY 是“不定期地；不规则地”。
［A］ independently
［B］ individually
［C］ irrespectively
［D］ irregularly
27、Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be [] in some form.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题主要考查动词短语知识，从做题角度来看，考生也得借助于句意逻辑来排除干扰。GIVEN OFF 是“释放，放出”。［B］ PUT OUT 是“扑灭；生产”；［C］ SET OFF 是“动身；开始”；［D］ USED UP 是“用光，用完”。
［A］ given off
［B］ put out
［C］ set off
［D］ used up
28、If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the result that incomes from taxation might actually [].
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查词汇的一般知识。SHRINK 是“减少，下降”。［B］ DELAY 是“耽搁；延期”；［C］ DISPERSE 是“散布，分散”；［D］ SINK 是“倒下；沉没”。
［A］ shrink
［B］ delay
［C］ disperse
［D］ sink
29、American companies are evolving from massproduction manufacturing to [] enterprises.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道词义辨析题。FLEXIBLE 是“灵活的；可移动的”。［A］ MOVEABLE 是“可移动的”；［B］ CHANGING 是“变化的”；［D］ VARYING 是“多样化的；不同程度的”。
［A］ moveable
［B］ changing
［C］ flexible
［D］ varying
30、If you know what the trouble is, why dont you help them to [] the situation?
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题主要考查词汇的用法辨析。RECTIFY 是“纠正，整顿”。［A］ SIMPLIFY 是“简单化”；［B］ MODIFY 是“修改，改动”；［C］ VERIFY 是“证实，查证”。
［A］ simplify
［B］ modify
［C］ verify
［D］ rectify
31、I can't [] what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查动词短语知识。FIGURE OUT 是“弄清楚，搞明白”。［B］ DRAW OUT 是“拟订；引出”；［C］ LOOK OUT 是“注意，留神”；［D］ WORK OUT 是“算出；拟订”。
［A］ figure out
［B］ draw out
［C］ look out
［D］ work out
32、I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat [].
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查词汇的惯用搭配及词义辨析。REFUSAL 是“拒绝”，A FLAT REFUSAL 是“断然拒绝”。［A］ DISAPPROVAL 是“不同意，不赞成”；［B］ REJECTION 是“断然拒绝”，不与 FLAT 搭配；［D］ DECLINE 是“谢绝”，也不与 FLAT 搭配。
［A］ disapproval
［B］ rejection
［C］ refusal
［D］ decline
33、From this material we can [] hundreds of what you may call direct products.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查搭配使用知识。DERIVE 是“得到；派生”；与 FROM 搭配。［B］ DISCERN 是“认出，辨别”；［C］ DIMINISH 是“减少，缩小”；［D］ DISPLACE 是“代替，置换”。
［A］ derive
［B］ discern
［C］ diminish
［D］ displace
34、She had clearly no [] of doing any work, although she was very well paid.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查词汇的搭配使用知识。INTENTION 是“意图，打算”。［A］ TENDENCY 是“倾向”；［B］ AMBITION 是“野心，抱负”；［D］ WILLINGNESS 是“愿意”。
［A］ tendency
［B］ ambition
［C］ intention
［D］ willingness
35、What seems confusing or fragmented at first might well become [] a third time.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查考生对转折关系的语义逻辑的识别能力。CLEAR AND ORGANIC 是“清楚的，有机联系的”，是前面 CONFUSING OR FRAGMENTED 的反义词。［A］ CLEAN AND MEASURABLE 是“干净的，有分寸的”；［B］ NOTABLE AND SYSTEMATIC 是“令人注目的，有系统的”；［C］ PURE AND WHOLESOME 是“纯净的，有益于健康的”。
［A］ clean and measurable
［B］ notable and systematic
［C］ pure and wholesome
［D］ clear and organic
36、The public opinion was that the time was not [] for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题测试固定搭配知识。RIPE 是“成熟的”。［A］ REASONABLE 是“合理的”；［C］ READY 是“准备好的”，不与 TIME 搭配；［D］ PRACTICAL 是“实际的；可行的”。
［A］ reasonable
［B］ ripe
［C］ ready
［D］ practical
37、 Hudson said he could not kill a living thing except for the [] of hunger.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查词义辨析。MOTIVE 是“动机”，可用于 FOR THE MOTIVE OF HUNGER，可译为“出于饥饿的动机，”或受饥饿所驱使”。［A］ SENSATION 是“感觉”；［B］ CAUSE 是“原因”；［C］ PURPOSE 是“目的”，都不与 HUNGER 搭配。
［A］ sensation
［B］ cause
［C］ purpose
［D］ motive
38、For the new country to survive,[] for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题测试几个习语的用法区别。LET ALONE 是“更不用说”，后面可以接不定式。［A］ TO NAME A FEW 是“说出几个名字”；［C］ NOT TO SPEAK 后应加 OF，意思是“更不用说”，后接名词或动名词；［D］ LETS SAY 是“假定说，譬如说”。
［A］ to name a few
［B］ let alone
［C］ not to speak
［D］ let's say
39、Foreign disinvestment and the [] of South Africa from world capital markets after 1985 further weakened its economy.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查词汇的搭配使用知识。EXCLUSION 是“排斥，排除在外”。［A］ DISPLACEMENT 是“取代；转移”；［B］ ELIMINATION 是“消灭，消除”；［D］ EXCEPTION 是“例外”。
［A］ displacement
［B］ elimination
［C］ exclusion
［D］ exception
40、When a number of people [] together in a conversational knot, each individual expresses his position in the group by where he stands.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道词义辨析题。CLUSTER 是“群集；拥挤”。［A］ PAD 是“填塞”；［B］ PACK 是“塞满；打包”；［C］ SQUEEZE 是“挤压，压榨。
［A］ pad
［B］ pack
［C］ squeeze
［D］ cluster
Part ⅡCloze Test(每题1分，共10分)Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Manpower Inc.,with 560,000 workers,is the world's largest temporary employment agency.Every morning,its people [41] into the offices and factories of America,seeking a day's work for a day's pay.One day at a time.[42] industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive [43] reducing the number of employees,Manpower,based in Milwaukee,Wisconsin,is booming.
[44] its economy continues to recover,the US is increasingly becoming a nation of parttimers and temporary workers.This “[45]” work force is the most important [46] in American business today,and it is [47] changing the relationship between people and their jobs.The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive [48] avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens [49] by employment rules healthcare costs and pension plans.For workers it can mean an end to the security,benefits and sense of [50] that came from being a loyal employee.
41、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查词汇搭配使用知识。SWARM涌向(形容人数众多)；STRIDE跨过；SLIP滑过；SEPARATE分开。显然，SWARM最符合题意。
［A］swarm
［B］stride
［C］separate
［D］slip
42、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查连词的使用知识。空白处填充的词必须用来引导时间状语，只有AS有此功能。
［A］For
［B］Because
［C］As
［D］Since
43、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查介词知识。通过某种行为达到某种目的，只能用介词BY。
［A］from
［B］in
［C］on
［D］by
44、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查连词的使用区别。由于“经济复杂”与“工作临时化”之间不存在因果关系，所以NOW THAT(既然)，IF ONLY(只要…就…)及PROVIDED THAT(如果…就…)不符合题意。
［A］Even though
［B］Now that
［C］If only
［D］Provided that
45、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查考生对词义的准确把握。所选的词应该能说明“临时性工作”的性质。DURABLE意为“耐用的”；DISPOSABLE意为“可任意处置的”；AVAILABLE意为“可得到的”；TRANSFERABLE意为“可转移的”。由于要填的词加了引号，说明所用的词在这里有一点点夸张。对比DISPOSABLE与TRANSFERABLE,前者要更贴切一些。
［A］durable
［B］disposable
［C］available
［D］transferable
46、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查考生对词义的准确把握。APPROACH途径，方法；FLOW流动；FASHION风尚，风气；TREND倾向，动向。显然，［D］最符合题意。
［A］approach
［B］flow
［C］fashion
［D］trend
47、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题同样考查考生对词义的准确把握。INSTANTLY立即，立刻；REVERSELY相反地；FUNDAMENTALLY根本上；SUFFICIENTLY足够地。上文中的MOST IMPORTANT TREND是关键的提示：既然是“最主要的动向”，其影响自然是“根本性的”。
［A］instantly
［B］reversely
［C］fundamentally
［D］sufficiently
48、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查连词的正确使用。WHILE+DOING表示前后两个动作同时进行。其他的词都只能接从句。
［A］but
［B］while
［C］and
［D］whereas
49、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查考生的词汇知识。与BURDEN搭配最合适的是IMPOSED(施加的，强加的)，RESTRICTED意为“受限制的”，CONFINED意为“受制约的”，ILLUSTRATED意为“图解，说明的”。
［A］imposed
［B］restricted
［C］illustrated
［D］confined
50、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查考生对词汇深层含义的把握能力。作为正式员工，不仅有“保障”、“福利”，还有一种“自己对公司很重要的感觉”。EXCITEMENT(兴奋)、CONVICTION(定罪，坚信)及ENTHUSIASM(热情)不符合上下文。
［A］excitement
［B］conviction
［C］enthusiasm
［D］importance
Part ⅢReading Comprehension(每题2分，共40分)Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)
单项选择题
Passage1
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10.Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up,half a world away,by John Hofsess,executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada.He sent it on via the groups online service,Death NET.Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long,because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia.It's world history.”
The full import may take a while to sink in.The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications.Some have breathed sighs of relief,others,including churches,righttolife groups and the Australian Medical Association,bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.In Australia—where an aging population,lifeextending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.In the US and Canada,where the righttodie movement is gathering strength,observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
Under the new Northern Territory law,an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering.The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors.After a “cooling off” period of seven days,the patient can sign a certificate of request.After 48 hours the wish for death can be met.For Lloyd Nickson,a 54yearold Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer,the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering:a terrifying death from his breathing condition.“I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view,but what I was afraid of was how Id go,because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.
51、From the second paragraph we learn that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道细节题。本题问的是第二段的大意。由于第二段第一句为全段的TOPIC SENTENCE,所以选项是转述第二段第一句话的意思就对了。
［A］the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
［B］physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
［C］changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law
［D］it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage
52、When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling,he means [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题实际上是一道句义题，问“OBSERVERS ARE WAITING FOR THE DOMINOES TO START FALLING”是什么意思。字面意思是“观察者正等待着多米诺骨牌开始倒下”。由于“多米诺骨牌”的特点是头一张牌倒下必然导致许多牌相继迅速倒下(即“多米诺骨牌效应”)。那么，结合上下文，我们可以知道作者的言下之意：澳大利亚通过该项法案后，其影响必然迅速波及美加，导致其他国家也可能通过该项法案。故应选［B］。
［A］observers are taking a waitandsee attitude towards the future of euthanasia
［B］similar bills are likely to be passed in the US,Canada and other countries
［C］observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes
［D］the effecttaking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop
53、When Lloyd Nickson dies,he will [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道细节题。从文章最后引用的该患者的话可看出他对安乐死的看法：死亡本身并不可怕，可怕的是像其他患者那样痛苦地死去。由此可知，只要可能，他就会选择安乐死。
［A］face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia
［B］experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
［C］have an intense fear of terrible suffering
［D］undergo a cooling off period of seven days
54、The author's attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道作者态度题。作者已借LOYD NICKSON之口表达了自己赞成安乐死态度。
译文 解读 清晨3∶45进行了最后表决。经过半年的争辩和最后16个小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区(即澳北州)成了世界上第一个允许医生根据病人意愿结束绝症患者生命的合法当局。这一法案是以15票对10票的无可争议的结果通过的。这一消息几乎同时出现在互联网上。身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利执行主席约翰·霍夫塞斯收到这条消息后便通过协会的网上服务站“死亡之网”发了公告。他说：“我们一整天都在发布公告，这么做当然不是因为澳大利亚出了什么事情，而是因为这是要载入世界历史的。” 这是一个新闻体篇。
第一段肯定了安乐死法案的历史意义。 这一立法的深刻意义可能要过一段时间才能为人们所理解。澳北州所通过的晚期病人权益法使得无论是内科医生还是普通市民都同样地力图从道义和实际意义两方面来对待这一问题。有些人如释重负，另一些人，包括教会人士、生之权利组织成员以及澳大利亚医学会成员则对此进行了猛烈抨击，并谴责其草率通过。而安乐死潮流将不可逆转。在澳大利亚，人口老龄化、延长寿命技术以及公众态度的变化都在发挥着各自的作用。其他州也准备考虑制定类似的法规来处理安乐死问题。在美国和加拿大，死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量，观察家正等待着多米诺骨牌产生的效应。 第二段讲述了公众、医生乃至美国及加拿大的反应。指出尽管还需要一段时间才能使人们意识到法案的全部重要性，但历史潮流已不可能倒转。 依据澳北州所通过的这个新法案，成年病人可要求安乐死——大概是注射致死针剂或服用致死药物——以结束痛苦的煎熬。但此前须经两名医生诊断其确实已病入膏肓。病人经过七天“冷静思考”时间，方可签署一份申请证明。48小时后，其安乐死愿望才能得到满足。对于居住在达尔文的现年54岁的肺癌患者尼克森来说，这个法案意味着他可以平静地生活下去而无需终日惧怕将要来临的折磨：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中死去。“从思想上说，我并不怕死，而怕的是怎样死。”他说，“我曾看见医院里的病人，死前抓挠氧气罩，为一口氧气苦苦挣扎。” 第三段举例说明了安尔死的申请实施过程。
［A］opposition
［B］suspicion
［C］approval
［D］indifference
Passage2
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly,courteous,and helpful most Americans were to them.To be fair,this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians,and should best be considered North American.There are,of course,exceptions Smallminded officials,rude waiters,and illmannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.
For a long period of time and in many parts of the country,a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another.Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion,and brought news of the outside world.
The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.Someone traveling alone,if hungry,injured,or ill,often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.It reflected the harshness of daily life:if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him,there was no one else who would.And someday,remember,you might be in the same situation.
Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler.Yet,the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US,especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails.“I was just traveling through,got talking with this American,and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon,but are not always understood properly.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial,but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
As is true of any developed society,in America a complex set of cultural signals,assumptions,and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.And,of course,speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns.Visitors who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions.For example,when an American uses the word “friend”,the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture.It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest.Yet,being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
55、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道细节题，问：在外国游客眼中……。第一段第一句讲述的就是外国游客对美国人的印象:对人友好，彬彬有礼，乐于助人。
［A］rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US
［B］smallminded officials deserve a serious comment
［C］Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
［D］most Americans are ready to offer help
56、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道推断题。题目问的是最后一段主要意思。从这一段第一句可知，其强调的是文化符号、传统对所有社会关系的影响。显然正确答案应为［A］。
［A］culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship
［B］courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated
［C］various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends
［D］social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions
57、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道细节题。该问题对应原文中第二段的内容。文中指出无聊和孤独是这类家庭的普遍问题，而旅行者的到来会暂时打破这种状态，带来欢乐和信息。
［A］to improve their hard life
［B］in view of their longdistance travel
［C］to add some flavor to their own daily life
［D］out of a charitable impulse
58、The tradition of hospitality to strangers [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道细节题。全文最后一句话即为本题的答案。被视为美德的东西是会被保持的，而不会是肤浅和虚伪的。
译文 解读 去美国访问的人经常带回报告说，大多数美国人对他们友善、好客、乐于助人。公平地说，人们对加拿大和加拿大人也有这样的评论。这最好应该看成是北美普遍存在的现象。当然也有例外，在美国，心胸狭隘的官员、举止粗鲁的招待以及缺乏修养的出租车司机也并不罕见。但由于人们常得出上述结论，那就值得议论一番了。 这是一篇议论文。
第一段指出美国人给人留下了友好、乐于助人的印象。尽管有例外情况，但这种乐于助人的结论也是值得讨论的。 在过去很长一段时间，在美国很多地方，施行者的到来对沉闷的生活有着可喜的调节作用。那时人们居住相距遥远，沉闷、孤寂是普遍存在的问题。陌生人和旅行者很受欢迎，能给他们带来消遣娱乐，同时还带来了外面世界的消息。
拓荒者面对的严酷生活现实也促成这一好客传统。独自旅行时，如果没有了食物，受了伤或生了病，通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助。对旅行者来说，这不是选择的问题，对当地人来说，这也并非出于要行善的一时冲动。它反映了日常生活的严酷性：如果你不接纳他，那他便找不到别人了。请记住，没准儿哪天你也会面临相同的处境。 第二、三段从历史角度探讨产生这一现象的原因。 现在有了不少慈善组织，专门帮助疲惫不堪的旅行者。但是对陌生人友好的老传统在美国仍盛行不衰，尤其是在远离旅游热线的小城镇。“我刚转了一圈，同这个美国人聊了聊。时间不长，他就请我到他家吃饭——真是不可思议。”在来美国的游客中碰到过这类事的人不在少数，但对此并非都能正确理解。许多美国人随意表现出来的友好态度不应看作表面应付或故作姿态，应当视为历史发展形式的一种文化传统。 第四段从文化的角度探讨产生这一现象的原因。 同任何发达国家一样，所有美国人的社会交往都要受制于一整套复杂的文化特征、信念和习俗。当然，会讲一种语言并不意味着就明白该语言的社会与文化模式，不能正确“诠释”文化意义的旅行者经常得出错误的结论。比如，美国人嘴里的“朋友”，其文化内涵可能与旅行者母语中的“朋友”所指及文化内涵大相径庭。要想分清称呼“朋友”是出自好客的习俗还是出自个人兴趣，只靠在公共汽车上的萍水相逢是不够的。但是，友善是许多美国人大力推崇的美德，他们也希望邻人与陌生人也会如此。 第五段重申美国人视助人为乐为一种美德。
［A］tends to be superficial and artificial
［B］is generally well kept up in the United States
［C］is always understood properly
［D］has something to do with the busy tourist trails
Passage3
Technically,any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug.Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts.They dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs.This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists.The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs)is pervasive:an aspirin to quiet a headache,some wine to be sociable,coffee to get going in the morning,a cigarette for the nerves.When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses?First of all,most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence.Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance,with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect,and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception,mood,and behavior are known as psychoactive substances.Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants,depressants,or hallucinogens.Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system,whereas depressants slow it down.Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception,distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations.These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mindmanifesting”) because they seemed to radically alter ones state of consciousness.
59、“Substance abuse”(Line 4,Paragraph 1)is preferable to “drug abuse” in that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道细节题。本题问的是文中认为“物质滥用”的说法好是“药物滥用”的原因。第一段最后一句话清楚地给出了答案，即其他物质，例如烟、酒的滥用与海洛因一样有害。这里决不只是说烟草和酒精。“SUCH AS”说明只是以之举例，所以［D］正确，［C］不正确。
［A］substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used
［B］“drug abuse” is only related to a limited number of drug takers
［C］alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine
［D］many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous
60、The word “pervasive”(Line 1,Paragraph 2)might mean [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道词义题。从第二段第一句话中冒号以后的部分不难看出：这是在列举各种SUBSTANCES(DRUGS)在日常生活中各个方面的使用。凭此可以判断PERVASIVE应为“广泛的、普遍的”。其他几个选项的词意均与上下文无关。
［A］widespread
［B］overwhelming
［C］piercing
［D］fashionable
61、Physical dependence on certain substances results from [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道细节题。文中第二段指出，频繁使用和过量使用都会导致药物依赖。显然［A］的意思最符合原文。
［A］uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time
［B］exclusive use of them for social purposes
［C］quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases
［D］careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms
62、From the last paragraph we can infer that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道推断题。［A］的意思是兴奋剂对神经的作用是积极的，而文中只说它能加速、激活人的中枢神经系统，而并未对这种加速本身的好坏作出评价。［C］的意思在文中没有表达。［D］具有一定迷惑作用。原文说的是PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES(对神经起显著作用的药物)可分为以下三类，而不是按类结合使用。而文中论及幻觉剂时，用了DISTORTING(扭曲)及“根本上改变人的精神状态”等来表述，表达了其本身对人有害的意思。
译文 解读 从技术角度讲，除食品外，任何能改变我们生理和心理机能的物质都是药物。许多人错误地认为“药物”这个词仅指某些药品或嗜毒者服用的违禁化学品。他们没有认识到像酒精、烟草这些熟悉的物质也是药物。这也就是为什么许多医生和心理学家现在使用了一个更为中性的词——物质，他们常用“物质滥用”而不用“药物滥用”来清楚表明滥用酒精和烟草这样的物质同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害。 这是一篇议论文。
第一段提出并定义药物滥用。 在我们生活的社会里，物质(药物)被广泛地使用于社会交往和疾病医治：服阿司匹林来缓解头痛，喝点儿酒来应酬，早晨喝咖啡来提神，吸支烟镇定一下情绪等。使用这些物质得到了社会认可，而且显然具有积极的一面，但什么时候变成滥用了呢?首先，大多数物质使用过量都会产生副作用，譬如中毒或反复使用一种物质可导致上瘾或对该物质(药物)的依赖。依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会出现不舒服的停药症状。 第二段指出药物滥用的形成原因，过度或频繁使用药物造成依赖使对这些药物积极的使用变成了滥用。 影响中枢神经系统和改变感知觉、情绪和行为的药物(物质)被称为心理活性物质。这类物质一般分为兴奋剂、镇静剂和幻觉剂。兴奋剂主要起到加速或刺激中枢神经系统活动的作用，而镇静剂则相反：使其活动减慢。幻觉剂主要作用于人的知觉，以各种不同的方式对知觉加以扭曲和改变，其中包括产生幻觉。这些物质常被认为能“引起幻觉”(PSYCHEDELIC一词源自希腊语，意思是“心灵显现”)，因为它们似乎能改变人的意识形态。 第三段指出分别介绍了影响中枢神经系统，改变感知觉和行为的三种药物。
［A］stimulants function positively on the mind
［B］hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health
［C］depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances
［D］the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groups
Passage4
No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation.“Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week.“You have sold your souls,but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?” At Time Warner,however,such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soulsearching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990.Its a selfexamination that has,at various times,involved issues of responsibility,creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.
At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin,56,who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.On the financial front,Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companys mountainous debt,which will increase to $173 billion after two new cable deals close.He has promised to see off some of the property and restructure the company,but investors are waiting impatiently.
The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him.Levin has consistently defended the companys rap music on the grounds of expression.In 1992,when Time Warner was under fire for releasing IceTs violent rap song Cop Killer,Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture,which deserves an outlet.“The test of any democratic society,”he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column,“lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude,however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.We won't retreat in the face of any threats.”
Levin would not comment on the debate last week,but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hardline stand,at least to some extent.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting,Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society's ills” and even cited his son,a teacher in the Bronx,New York,who uses rap to communicate with students.But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility,and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.
The 15member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy.But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter.“Some of us have known for many,many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,” says Luce.“I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”
63、Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道细节题。文中第一段ROBERT DOLE对TIME WARNER总经理的质问(“你们已出卖了你们的灵魂，是否还要败坏我们的国家、威胁我们的孩子?”)表明他批评后者缺乏社会责任感。
［A］its raising of the corporate stock price
［B］its selfexamination of soul
［C］its neglect of social responsibility
［D］its emphasis on creative freedom
64、According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道是非判断题。文中第二段第一句话中的LATE作“已故的”解。即说明STEVE ROSS已去世，所以正确答案为［D］。
［A］Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.
［B］Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.
［C］Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.
［D］Steve Ross is no longer alive
65、In face of the recent attacks on the company,the chairman [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道细节题。第四段第一句话是主要提示。这句话意思是“LEVIN不愿对上周的辩论作出评论，但有迹象表明，他正在某种程度上从强硬路线上退缩”。这显然是［B］项的意思。
［A］stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression
［B］softened his tone and adopted some new policy
［C］changed his attitude and yielded to objection
［D］received more support from the 15-member board
66、The best title for this passage might be [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道主旨题。文章的核心是时代华纳公司，主要内容是对该公司的批评与辩论。所以［A］(遭到非难的公司)最为合适。译文 解读 没有哪家公司乐意听到别人说它败坏了社会风气。上星期参议员罗伯特·多尔质问时代-华纳公司经理们时问道，“莫非这就是你们要成就的事业吗?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，难道还一定要腐蚀整个民族，威胁下一代吗?”不过，对于成立于1990年的时代-华纳公司来说，这样的质询只不过是公司自我解剖的最新表白，是在不同时期关系到责任、创作自由和利润等问题的自我检查。 这是一个新闻体篇。
第一段提出有人员指责时代华纳公司缺乏应有的社会责任感。 56岁的董事长杰拉尔德·莱文是争论的焦点人物。莱文是在1992年取代已故董事长史蒂夫·罗斯的。财政上，他承受着抬高股价、减少公司巨额债务的压力。在谈定两笔新的有线电视买卖后，债务将达到173亿美元。他已答应出售部分财产，重组公司。然而，投资者正在焦躁地等待着。
夸大说唱音乐的作用并未使他的日子好过一些。莱文一直以表达情感为借口捍卫公司的说唱音乐。1992年，公司因出品冰特乐队的狂暴的说唱歌曲《警察杀手》而备受责难时，莱文说，这是街头文化的合法表达形式，它应该有自己的宣泄渠道。他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道：“对任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它如何严格地控制言论的自由表达，而在于它能否尽可能宽松地给予人们思考和表达的自由——不管其结果有时候可能引起多么大的争议和愤怒。面对威胁，我们决不退却。” 第二、三段指出处于争议中心的时代华纳公司董事长的处境及其所持强硬立场。 莱文对上周的评论不置一辞，但有迹象表明这位总裁的强硬立场起码在一定程度上有所松动。在上个月举行的股东大会上，人们讨论了摇滚乐的唱词。莱文强调说：“音乐不是社会丑恶现象的根源”，并且还举了他那在纽约布郎克斯任教的儿子为例，他的儿子以说唱音乐的形式与学生交流。但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任要“努力保持平衡”的问题。他宣布，公司将尽力对可能招致人们反对的音乐制定各种发行和标识的标准。 第四段指出在这次争议中，他做出某些程度的让步，提出应在创造自由和社会责任中寻找平衡。 总的来说，时代-华纳公司董事会的15名董事是支持他的立场和公司经营策略的，但据内部人士透露，其中几位对此表示担忧。“我们当中有的人许多年来就知道宪法修正案第一条讲的自由不是宽大无边的。”卢斯说，“但觉得公司里有些人可能最近才意识到这一点。” 第五段指出公司董事会在这次争议中意识到了问题，意见出现了分歧。
［A］A Company under Fire
［B］A Debate on Moral Decline
［C］A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture
［D］A Form of Creative Freedom
Passage5
Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”,makes it sound like a precise science.Nothing could be further from the truth.The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain.And there are long,variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy.Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen,a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
Given all these disadvantages,central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late.Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year,close to its lowest level in 30 years,before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.This is a long way below the doubledigit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
It is also less than most forecasters had predicted.In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995.In fact,it fell to 2.6% in August,and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole.In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year.This is no flash in the pan;over the past couple of years,inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States,since conventional measures suggest that both economies,and especially Americas,have little productive slack.Americas capacity utilization,for example,hit historically high levels earlier this year,and its jobless rate (5.6% in August)has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment—the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation proved so mild?The most thrilling explanation is,unfortunately,a little defective.Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
67、From the passage we learn that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道综合推断题。文中列举的许多数据都在说明［C］的意思(经济形势比预料的好)，如通胀率的降低等。
［A］there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates
［B］economy will always follow certain models
［C］the economic situation is better than expected
［D］economists had foreseen the present economic situation
68、According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道是非判断题。第四段最后一句话表明当失业率低于人们估计的自然失业率时，通胀率便已起飞(TAKE OFF)。这显然是［B］的意思。
［A］Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car.
［B］An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.
［C］A high unemployment rate will result from inflation.
［D］Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.
69、The sentence “This is no flash in the pan” (Line 4,Paragraph 3) means that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道句意题。“FLASH IN THE PAN”意为“昙花一现”。“THIS IS NO FLASH IN THE PAN”即这不会转瞬即逝，而要持续一段时间。
［A］the low inflation rate will last for some time
［B］the inflation rate will soon rise
［C］the inflation will disappear quickly
［D］there is no inflation at present
70、The passage shows that the author is [] the present situation.
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道态度题。作者用大部分篇幅描述了目前经济形势中出乎意料的情况。表达了他的惊奇。认为其不可思议。
译文 解读 “经济软着陆”，“让经济刹车”不少这类描述金融政策的词语听起来令人觉得这是一门严谨的科学。事实上绝非如此。利率与通货膨胀率之间的联系并不是确定的。政策变化对经济产生影响之前会出现为时不短而且变化莫测的滞后期。因此人们将金融政策的实施比做驾驶一辆挡风玻璃灰暗、后视镜破碎而且方向盘失灵的破车。 这是一篇议论文。
第一段指出经济运行难以预测，货币政策不能有效调控通货膨胀。 虽然有这么多不利因素，但近来央行的银行家似乎有了不少可以夸耀的东西。七大工业国经济的通胀率去年平均降到了2.3%，接近三十年以来最低水平，今年七月才微微上扬到2.5%，比许多国家在20世纪70年代和80年代早期的两位数通胀率低多了。 第二段指出各国经济形势比预想的好，平均通货膨胀率比预测的低。 这也比大多数预言家预测的要低。《经济学家》每月都要邀请一些经济专家座谈，1994年底特邀的经济专家们说，1995年美国的平均通胀率将达到3.5%。事实上，在八月份就降到了2.6%，而且全年的通胀率有望维持在3%左右。在英国和日本，通胀率比去年年底预计的低半个百分点。这绝不是昙花一现，在过去两三年里，英美两国的通胀率持续低于预期数值。
特别让经济学家惊诧不已的是，英美两国的通胀率带来的是良性结果，因为传统的衡量办法表明两国(特别是美国)的经济生产几乎没有出现滑坡。比如，在今年早些时候，美国的生产力利用率创历史新高，而失业率(八月份为5.6%)却低于多数人预测的自然失业率。而在过去，失业率低于此，通胀率就会上升。 第三、四段指出经济学家没有预料到目前的经济形势会这么好。 为什么通货膨胀未造成什么冲击?可惜的是，最令人振奋的解释也不是无懈可击。某些经济学家认为，巨大的世界性的结构变化已打破了原有的以经济增长和通货膨胀之间的历史联系为基础的旧的经济模式。 第五段提出通货膨胀如此轻微的原因。
［A］critical of
［B］puzzled by
［C］disappointed at
［D］amazed at
Part Ⅳ EnglishChinese Translation(每题3分，共15分)Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)
Do animals have rights?This is how the question is usually put.It sounds like a useful,groundclearing way to start.(71)(Actually,it isn't,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.)
On one view of rights,to be sure,it necessarily follows that animals have none.(72)(Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract,as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.)Therefore,animals cannot have rights.The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd;for exactly the same reason,so is the idea that tigers have rights.However,this is only one account,and by no means an uncontested one.It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance,to infants,the mentally incapable and future generations.In addition,it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it:how do you reply to somebody who says “I don't like this contract”? The point is this:without agreement on the rights of people,arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.(73)(It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset:it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all.)This is a false choice.Better to start with another,more fundamental,question:is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it.(74)(Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.)Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
This view,which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood,may seem bravely “logical”.In fact it is simply shallow:the confused centre is right to reject it.The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others interests against ones own.This in turn requires sympathy and imagination:without which there is no capacity for moral thought.To see an animal in pain is enough,for most,to engage sympathy.(75)(When that happens,it is not a mistake:it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action,an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.)
71、72、73、74、75
（本题分值：3分）
【正确答案】
事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为前提的，而这种共识并不存在。
Part ⅤWriting(15points)(每题15分，共15分)
76、Directions:
A Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120 words.
B Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.
C Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:
1. Interpret the following pictures.
2. Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.
（本题分值：15分）
【正确答案】
略 |
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发表于 2016-7-27 01:16:31