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Part ⅠStructure and Vocabulary(每题0.5分，共20分)选择下列答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案
Section A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times [] 1979.
［A］from［B］after［C］for［D］since
The sentence should read, I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose ［D］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
1、By the time you arrive in London,we [] in Europe for two weeks.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］句子中有BY THE TIME YOU ARRIVE IN LONDON,BY表示“在……之前”，BY短语常和完成时连用，句子中YOU ARRIVE IN LONDON指的是将来发生的动作，在将来动作或时间以前已经完成的动作应该用将来完成时。
［A］shall stay
［B］have stayed
［C］will have stayed
［D］have been staying
2、I appreciated [] the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］动词APPRECIATED后要作动名词用宾语，所以［C］，［D］可以首先排除，因为两者都是动词不定式。［B］HAVING GIVEN是动名词的完成式，表示主动，原句的意思是“我很感激两年前被给以出国留学的机会”，应当是被动，所以应该选［A］HAVING BEEN GIVEN，这是动名词完成式的被动式。
其他需用动名词作宾语的动词有：
ADMIT,ADVISE,ALLOW,ANTICIPATE,APPRECIATE,AVOID,CONSIDER,DELAY,DENY,DISLIKE,DREAD,ENJOY,ESCAPE,EXCUSE,FANCY,FINISH,IMAGINE,KEEP,MIND ,MISS,PERMIT,POSTPONE,PRACTISE,PREVENT,PROPOSE,QUIT,GIVE UP,RECALL,RECOLLECT,RESENT,RESIST,RISK,STOP,SUGGEST,UNDERSTAND,CANT HELP,CANT UNDERSTAND等。
［A］having been given
［B］having given
［C］to have been given
［D］to have given
3、Living in the central Australian desert has its problems,[] obtaining water is not the least.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］OF WHICH引导的是非限制性定语从句。WHICH指代先行词PROBLEMS,OF作“在……中”解，OF WHICH = OF THE PROBLEMS,表示IS NOT THE LEAST 的比较范围。全句意思是“居住在澳大利亚中部的沙漠地区有许多问题，其中找水就不是一个小问题。”
［A］of which
［B］for what
［C］as
［D］whose
4、The heart is [] intelligent than the stomach,for they are both controlled by the brain.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］后面有THAN的结构，这就需要选项中有比较级。［A］项与［B］项中没有比较级，可以首先排除。［C］MUCH MORE...是“多得多”的意思，但在后半句中FOR THEY ARE BOTH CONTROLLED BY THE BRAIN,“因为它们都是由脑控制的”，因此不可能一个比另一个聪明得多，显然逻辑上有错误。［D］NO MORE INTELLIGENT THAN是“并不比……聪明”，是正确的。
［A］not so
［B］not much
［C］much more
［D］no more
5、[] the fact that his initial experiments had failed,Prof.White persisted in his research.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］IN SPITE OF = DESPITE,表示让步或对照，意思是“尽管，虽然”。［A］BECAUSE OF是“因为”；［B］ AS TO是“关于”；［D］ IN VIEW TO是“鉴于，由于”。
［A］Because of
［B］As to
［C］In spite of
［D］In view of
6、Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of AfroAmerican poetry is his insistence that it [] in a religious, as well as worldly,frame of reference.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］THAT引导的名词从句是INSISTENCE的同位语从句，与动词INSIST后的宾语从句一样，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，形式是(SHOULD)+动词原形，只有［C］项符合要求。
［A］is to be analyzed
［B］has been analyzed
［C］be analyzed
［D］should have been analyzed
7、The millions of calculations involved,had they been done by hand,[] all practical value by the time they were finished.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］HAD THEY BEEN DONE BY HAND是省略了IF的虚拟条件句= IF THEY HAD BEEN DONE BY HAND,是虚拟语气的过去式，所以主句该用WOULD+HAVE+过去分词，只有［B］项符合要求。
［A］could lose
［B］would have lost
［C］might lose
［D］ought to have lost
8、No bread eaten by man is so sweet as [] earned by his own labour.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］THAT代替前文中出现的名词BREAD,EARNED BY HIS OWN LABOUR是过去分词短语，修饰THAT,作定语。ONE也可以代替前面出现的名词，但只能代替可数名词，BREAD是不可数名词，所以这里不可用ONE。
［A］ one
［B］that
［C］such
［D］what
9、It isnt cold enough for there [] a frost tonight,so I can leave Jims car out quite safely.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］［A］ WOULD BE是过去将来时；［C］ WAS是一般过去时，两者都是谓语动词形式，但都与IT ISNT COLD ENOUGH不搭配。FOR THERE TO BE A FROST TONIGHT是FOR+THERE BE的不定式形式，修饰前面的COLD ENOUGH,表示结果，作状语。［B］ THERE BEING常作介词宾语，也可作状语，作状语时，多表示原因。如： THERE BEING SO MANY PEOPLE ABSENT,THE MEETING WAS CALLED OFF.
［A］would be
［B］being
［C］was
［D］to be
10、Scientists generally agree that the Earths climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years [] it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］AS MUCH AS可以看作连词，作“跟……同样程度；像……一样多”解，引入比较状语从句。也可把第一个AS看作修饰副词MUCH,第二个AS引导状语从句，修饰MUCH。［A］ AS LONG AS是连词，作“只要”解；［C］ AS SOON AS是连词，作“一……就”解，［D］ AS WELL AS可作连词，作“和，与”解，也可作“如……一样好”解。
［A］as long as
［B］as much as
［C］as soon as
［D］as well as
Section B
Directions:
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)
Example:
A number of［A］ foreign visitors were taken［B］ to the industrial exhibition, which［C］ they saw［D］ many new products. Answer ［C］ is wrong. The sentence should read, \!A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.” So you should choose ［C］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
11、Similar elements in the prehistoric remains ［A］ from both areas suggest ［B］ that Indians and their neighbours had maintained ［C］ distant but real connections ever ［D］ before 1500 B.C.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］EVER改为EVEN。EVER是副词，常与AFTER,SINCE搭配，用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句和比较状语从句中。EVEN也是副词，作“甚至”，可与AFTER,BEFORE,IF,AS等搭配。许多考生选［C］，他们以为SUGGEST后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气，所以认为HAD MAINTAINED是错误的。其实只有SUGGEST作“建议”解时，后面的宾语从句中才用虚拟语气，而本句中的SUGGEST作“表明，显示”解，后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词不用虚拟语气。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
12、It soon became obviously ［A］ that instead of being trained ［B］ to sing she would ［C］ be trainedas the astronomer's assistant.［D］
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］OBVIOUSLY改为OBVIOUS。BECAME是连系动词，后面应接形容词OBVIOUS作表语，不应该用副词OBVIOUSLY。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
13、He also conceived ［A］that the solar system and the universe would come ［B］into existence by ［C］a natural process and would disappear ［D］ one day.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］WOULD COME改为HAD COME。主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时CONCEIVED,意思是“设想，推测”，从句中如果用WOULD COME是过去将来时，表示发生在主句谓语动词之后的动作，这明显不符合逻辑。宇宙早已存在，应发生在CONCEIVED之前，所以需用过去完成时HAD COME。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
14、The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less ［A］than the earth; ［B］in consequence,［C］the force of gravity at the moons surface is only onesixth of ［D］that at the earths surface.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］THE EARTH改为THAT OF THE EARTH。此题测试比较结构。前面的比较对象是A MASS,而THAN后面的比较对象是THE EARTH,两个比较对象不一致，所以错了，加上THAT OF后，THAT代替MASS,OF THE EARTH作其定语。许多学生选［C］IN CONSEQUENCE,这是因为对这个短语不熟悉的缘故。这是个固定搭配，意思是“因此，所以”。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
15、The Bunsen burner is so ［A］named because it is thought ［B］ to be invented［C］ by Robert Bunsen, who was German by ［D］ birth.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］TO BE INVENTED改为TO HAVE BEEN INVENTED。［C］项在从句中起主语补足语的作用，很明显这个动作发生在谓语动词IS THOUGHT之前，所以应该用不定式的完成式。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
16、Much although［A］ I have travelled, I have never seen anyone to equal ［B］ her in thoroughness,whatever ［C］ the job.［D］
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］MUCH ALTHOUGH改为MUCH AS。ALTHOUGH引导的让步状语从句，应当用正常语序，应说ALTHOUGH I HAVE TRAVELLED MUCH…，而AS引导的让步状语从句要倒装，常把表语提到AS前，如： YOUNG AS SHE IS,SHE IS CAPABLE OF RUNNING A FACTORY. 若句子中没有表语时，常将副词放到AS前，如： HARD AS HE STUDIED,HE FAILED IN THE EXAM.
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
17、The weeds ［A］ and tall grass in that yard makes ［B］ the house look ［C］ as if it had been vacant ［D］ for quite some time.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］MAKES改为MAKE。主语是THE WEEDS AND TALL GRASS，是复数，所以谓语动词也该用复数形式。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
18、If only ［A］ the nature of the aging process is ［B］better understood,the possibility of discovering ［C］ a medicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seems ［D］ very remote.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］IF ONLY改为UNLESS。IF ONLY是连词，但用来引导一个表示愿望的句子，译为“但愿，如果……就好了”，句子中的谓语动词多用虚拟语气。在本句中IF ONLY 引导的从句与主语在逻辑上不搭配。改用UNLESS后引导条件状语从句，在意思上和语法上都与主句搭配。全句意思是“除非能更好地认识衰老过程的特性，否则要发现一种能抑制衰老基本进程的药物的可能性是非常渺茫的。”
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
19、When I consider howtalented he is ［A］ as a painter,［B］I cannot help but believing ［C］ that the public ［D］ will appreciate his gift.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］BUT BELIEVING改为BELIEVING或BUT BELIEVE。CANNOT HELP后必须接动名词，而CANNOT HELP BUT后要接不带TO的不定式，两者任选一个都可。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
20、Allen has stated ［A］ that he has always had ［B］ a great interest［C］ and admiration for ［D］ the work of the British economist Keynes.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］A GREAT INTEREST改为A GREAT INTEREST IN。宾语从句中的谓语动词HAS ALWAYS HAD后接了两个名词INTEREST和ADMIRATION,ADMIRATION后接介词FOR;INTEREST后须接介词IN,不可省。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
Section C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found [] in the woods off the highway.
［A］vanished ［B］scattered［C］abandoned ［D］rejected
The sentence should read, The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose ［C］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
21、 Please do not be [] by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］ IRRITATED 是“激怒，使恼火”。［A］ DISREGARDED 是“无视，不顾”；［B］ DISTORTED 是“歪曲，使变形”；［D］ INTERVENED 是“干涉，调停”。
［A］ disregarded
［B］ distorted
［C］ irritated
［D］ intervened
22、 Craig assured his boss that he would [] all his energies in doing this new job.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］ CALL FORTH 是“鼓起，提起；拿出”，与 ENERGIES 搭配。［B］ CALL AT 是“访问，拜访(某地)”；［C］ CALL ON 是“号召；访问(某人)”；［D］ CALL OFF 是“取消”。
［A］ call forth
［B］ call at
［C］ call on
［D］ call off
23、Too much [] to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］ EXPOSURE 是“暴露”。［A］ DISCLOSURE 是“泄露，揭露”；［B］ EXHIBITION 是“展示，展览”；［C］ CONTACT 是“接触”。
［A］ disclosure
［B］ exhibition
［C］ contact
［D］ exposure
24、When confronted with such questions, my mind goes [], and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］ BLANK 是“空虚的，茫然的”。［A］ DIM 是“不清楚的；暗淡的”；［C］ FAINT 是“微弱的，模糊的”；［D］ VAIN 是“虚荣的；徒劳的”。
［A］ dim
［B］ blank
［C］ faint
［D］ vain
25、It is well known that knowledge is the [] condition for expansion of mind.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］ INDISPENSIBLE 是“绝对必要的，不可缺少的”。［A］ INCOMPATIBLE 是“不相容的”；［B］ INCREDIBLE 是“不可置信的”；［C］ INDEFINITE 是“不明确的，不确定的”。
［A］ incompatible
［B］ incredible
［C］ indefinite
［D］ indispensible
26、 More than two hundred years ago the United States [] from the British Empire and became an independent country.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］ BROKE AWAY 是“脱离”。［A］ GOT OFF 是“下车；离开”；［B］ PULLED DOWN 是“拆毁”；［D］ DROPPED OFF 是“减少，下降”。
［A］ got off
［B］ pulled down
［C］ broke away
［D］ dropped off
27、Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is [] loud continuous noise.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］ SUBJECTED TO 是“受到，遭受”。［B］ FILLED WITH 是“充满”；［C］ ASSOCIATED WITH 是“与……联系”；［D］ ATTACHED TO 是“附属于，附加于”。
［A］ subjected to
［B］ filled with
［C］ associated with
［D］ attached to
28、 Some of the most important concepts in physics [] their success to these mathematical systems.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］ OWE 是“欠；归功于”，常与 TO 搭配，后面接褒义词。 ［A］ OBLIGE 是“要求；感激”；［C］ CONTRIBUTE 是“贡献，捐献”；［D］ ATTRIBUTE 是“归咎于，归因于”，后接介词 TO, TO 后常接贬义词。
［A］ oblige
［B］ owe
［C］ contribute
［D］ attribute
29、As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something [] researching into.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］ WORTH 后面接动名词。［A］ PRECIOUS 是“宝贵的”，填进去后与空格后部分不衔接；［C］ WORTHY 后面接 OF + 名词，或接不定式；［D］ VALUABLE “有价值的”，填进去后意思与语法都不对。
［A］ precious
［B］ worth
［C］ worthy
［D］ valuable
30、 As a defense against airpollution damage, many plants and animals [] a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］ RELEASE 是“释放，放出”。［A］ RELIEVE 是“解脱”；［C］ DISMISS 是“解雇；撤职”；［D］ DISCARD 是“遗弃，扔掉”。
［A］ relieve
［B］ release
［C］ dismiss
［D］ discard
31、Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would [] be able to walk.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］ IN NO WAY 是“决不，一点也不”。［A］ IN NO TIME 是“立刻，马上”；［B］ BY ALL MEANS 是“当然，一定”；［D］ NO ANY ACCOUNT 是“无论如何”。
［A］ in no time
［B］ by all means
［C］ in no way
［D］ on any account
32、While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping [] to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］ OCCASIONALLY 是“偶尔，间或”。［B］ SIMULTANEOUSLY 是“同时”；［C］ EVENTUALLY 是“最终，终于”；［D］ PROMPTLY 是“立即；迅速地”。
［A］ occasionally
［B］ simultaneously
［C］ eventually
［D］ promptly
33、One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they have taken great [] to educate their children.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］ PAINS 是“努力，辛苦”，可与 TAKE 搭配，HAVE TAKEN GREAT PAINS 意思是“煞费苦心”。［A］ EFFORTS 是“努力”；［C］ ATTEMPTS 是“试图，尝试”；［D］ ENDEAVOURS 是“努力”，与 EFFORTS 同义。［A］，［C］，［D］三项都不与动词 TAKE 搭配。
［A］ efforts
［B］ pains
［C］ attempts
［D］ endeavours
34、If any man here does not agree with me, he should [] his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］ PUT FORWARD 是“提出”。［A］ PUT ON 是“穿上，戴上”；［B］ PUT OUT 是“扑灭”；［C］ PUT IN 是“插嘴，插入”。
［A］ put on
［B］ put out
［C］ put in
［D］ put forward
35、I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be [] to it.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］ BOUND 是“约束，束缚”，是 BIND 的过去分词。［B］ FASTENED 是“绑牢，固定”；［A］ CONNECTED 是“联系；连接”；［D］ STUCK 是“粘贴；坚持”。
［A］ connected
［B］ fastened
［C］ bound
［D］ stuck
36、 The English language contains a (n) [] of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］ MULTITUDE 是“大量”，A MULTITUDE OF WORDS 是“大量词语”。［A］ ALTITUDE 是“高度，海拔”；［B］ LATITUDE 是“纬度”；［D］ ATTITUDE 是“态度”。这四个词是同形异义词。
［A］ altitude
［B］ latitude
［C］ multitude
［D］ attitude
37、In my opinion, you can widen the [] of these improvements through your active participation.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］ SCOPE 是“范围”。［A］ DIMENSION 是“尺寸，大小”；［B］ VOLUME 是“容积；体积”；［C］ MAGNITUDE 是“大小；重要”。
［A］ dimension
［B］ volume
［C］ magnitude
［D］ scope
38、Your improper words will give [] to doubts concerning your true intentions.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］ GIVE RISE TO 是固定短语动词，意思是“引起，导致”。［B］ REASON 是“理由，原因”，与动词 GIVE 搭配时，后接介词 FOR；［C］ SUSPICION 是“怀疑”；［D］ IMPULSE 是“冲动，推动”。
［A］ rise
［B］ reason
［C］ suspicion
［D］ impulse
39、The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made [].
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］ ON THE SPOT 是“在现场”。［B］ ON THE SITE 是“在……场地上”，后面多接 OF；［C］ ON THE LOCATION 中的 LOCATION 是“地方，位置”，与 ON 搭配时，不加冠词 THE; ［D］ ON THE GROUND 是“以……为理由”，后接介词 OF。
［A］ on the spot
［B］ on the site
［C］ on the location
［D］ on the ground
40、The remarkable [] of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］ VARIETY 是“多种多样”，常与 OF 搭配，意为“多种多样的……”。［A］ CLASSIFICATION 是“分类”；［C］ DENSITY 是“密度”；［D］ DIVERSION 是“消遣；转向”。
［A］ classification
［B］ variety
［C］ density
［D］ diversion.
Part ⅡCloze Test(每题1分，共10分)Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word.In speaking,the choice of words is (41) the utmost importance.Proper selection will eliminate one source of (42) breakdown in the communication cycle.Too often careless use of words (43) a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.The words used by the speaker may (44) unfavorable reactions in the listener (45) interfere with his comprehension;hence,the transmissionreception system breaks down.
46)，inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47) difficult for the listener to understand the 48) which is being transmitted to him.The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49) to explain or describe in a 50) that can be understood by his listeners.
41、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这道题目考察的是一种特殊的表达形容词概念的介词+名词结构。BE OF IMPORTANCE=BE IMPORTANT名词前面只能用OF,不能用其他介词。
［A］of
［B］at
［C］for
［D］on
42、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］所给的四个选项的词义分别为：［A］INACCESSIBLE“达不到的，进不去的”；［B］TIMELY“及时的，适时的”；［C］LIKELY“很可能的”；［D］INVALID“有病的，病弱的”。根据文意，正确的用词可以消除思想交流中可能出现的一种词不达意现象，根据上下文最符合题义的应为LIKELY，因此［C］是本道题目的正确答案。
［A］inaccessible
［B］timely
［C］likely
［D］invalid
43、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］［A］ENCOURAGE表示的含义刚好与句意相反，［C］DESTROYS不是TOO OFTEN CARELESS USE OF WORDS可以达到的一种结果；［D］OFFERS也与句意逻辑相反，而PREVENTS的意思在这里最合适，即用词不当会导致说者和听者之间无法沟通交流思想，所以［B］是正确答案。
［A］encourages
［B］prevents
［C］destroys
［D］offers
44、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］［A］PASS OUT的意“分发，去世，离开”；［B］TAKE AWAY的意思是“拿走，剥夺”；［C］BACK UP“支持，为…撑腰”；［D］STIR UP的意思是“搅拌，激励”。根据文意，说话的人所选用的词语会导致听者方面产生令人不快的反应，所以STIR UP的意思在这里最合适。
［A］pass out
［B］take away
［C］back up
［D］stir up
45、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］空格后的INTERFERE WITH是谓语动词形式，表明空格内需要填入的词应为定语从句的连接词，这个定语从句是修饰REACTIONS而不是修饰THE LISTENER的，因此应该用WHICH。AS不能引导限制性定语从句，WHAT不能用来引导定语从句。因此，本道题目的正确答案是［C］。
［A］who
［B］as
［C］which
［D］what
46、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］从语法结构上来判断，空格内需要填入的词汇应为呈上启下的转换词(TRANSITION WORD)。从句意来看，上文中说的是用词不当会造成的后果，而空格后的句子讲的还是用词不当的问题，说明这里是顺承递进的含义，而非表达转折(HOWEVER)或出乎意料之意(UNEXPECTEDLY)。PRELIMINARILY的意思是“预备地，初步地”，意思与句意不符。MOREOVER可以用来表达递进含义，因此［A］是正确答案。
［A］Moreover
［B］However
［C］Preliminarily
［D］Unexpectedly
47、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］由于空格后有DIFFICULT，而DIFFICULT后又有FOR THE LISTENER TO UNDERSTAND这一不定式结构，因此空格内需要填入的词汇为替代跟有宾语补足语DIFFICULT在句子中作宾语的动词不定式的形式宾语IT。因此［B］是本道题目的正确答案。
［A］that
［B］it
［C］so
［D］this
48、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］由于定语从句中的谓语动词TRANSMIT的使用，能作它的动作承受者的只有MESSAGE,TRANSMIT A MESSAGE传递信息；SPEECH,SENSE用在此处不符合句意；MEANING一般与动词CONVEY搭配使用。因此，本道题目的正确答案是［C］。
［A］speech
［B］sense
［C］message
［D］meaning
49、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］句子的主语是人，而OBSCURE“黑夜的，朦胧的，不清楚的，晦涩的”，DIFFICULT和IMPOSSIBLE的主语一般不能由人来充当，DIFFICULT和IMPOSSIBLE主要用在IT IS DIFFICULT(IMPOSSIBLE)TO (或THAT)句型中。UNABLE意思是“不能的，无能为力的”，其主语一般是人，用在BE UNABLE TO DO STH.结构中，因此［D］是正确答案。
［A］obscure
［B］difficult
［C］impossible
［D］unable
50、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］“以…方式…”英语中常说IN A WAY;METHOD用在IN THIS METHOD表达法中，不说IN A METHOD;MEANS常用在BY ALL MEANS意思是“尽一切办法，一定，务必”。英语中IN A CASE 不是固定表达法，有IN ANY CASE(无论如何，不管怎样)，IN CASE(假使，以防万一)几种固定用法，所以［D］WAY是本题目的正确答案。
［A］case
［B］means
［C］method
［D］way
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(每题2分，共40分)Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)
单项选择题
Passage1
The American economic system is organized around a basically privateenterprise,marketoriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Private businessmen,striving to make profits,produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen;and the profit motive,operating under competitive pressures,largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor in a marketoriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.In the American economy,this mechanism is provided by a price system,a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by sellerproducers.If the product is in short supply relative to the demand,the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered by sellerproducers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product,Thus,price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
The important factor in a privateenterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property ),and they are permitted to hire labor,gain control over natural resources,and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights,including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
51、In Line 6,Para.1,“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］THE DESIRE OF INDIVIDUALS TO MAXIMIZE THEIR INCOMES 与 THE DESIRE OF BUSINESSMEN TO MAXIMIZE PROFITS呈对比，商人是为了最大程度地获取利润，而普通个人是为了充分利用他们固定的收入去购买商品，因此符合这一含义的解释是［D］。［A］、［B］两项内容与引号内部分的内容无关，［C］中提到的HAVE THEIR INCOMES INCREASED不是原文所要表达的含义，因为这不是THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM的决定因素。
［A］Americans are never satisfied with their incomes
［B］Americans tend to overstate their incomes
［C］Americans want to have their incomes increased
［D］Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes
52、The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］第二段的前两句话主要讲述的是顾客需求以及生产商对此做出反应(即供求)之间的关系主要是靠价格这一机制来实现的，价格的升降取决于相对的顾客和卖主之间的供求关系，这表明顾客的需求和生产销售者的供给决定价格的升降。因此［D］选项内容是这两句话所表达的正确含义。［A］的内容在原文中没有提到，［B］与原文内容不符，［C］的内容在文章的最后一段中提到的，但与第二段的前两句话没有任何关系。
［A］producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production
［B］consumers can express their demands through producers
［C］producers decide the prices of products
［D］supply and demand regulate prices
53、According to the passage,a privateenterprise economy is characterized by [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］在文章的最后一段作者详尽清楚向我们讲述了私有企业经济的特点，即私有企业不仅拥有生产资料的所有权，而且还有其他一些相关的权利，所以答案是［A］，而［B］、［C］和［D］都只是其中的特点之一，不完整，只有［A］最全面。
［A］private property and rights concerned
［B］manpower and natural resources control
［C］ownership of productive resources
［D］free contracts and prices
54、The passage is mainly about [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］文章的第一句就表明了这篇文章的主题，即：THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IS ORGANIZED AROUND A BASICALLY...。文章的第二段、第三段分别讲述了它的两个运行特点，即MARKETORIENTED ECONOMY中的PRICE SYSTEM和PRIVATEENTERPRISE ECONOMY。［A］、［B］和［D］都只是文章中所讲的某一方面的内容，只有［C］概括了整个文章的内容，因此，本道题目的正确答案是［C］
。译文
从根本上说，美国经济体制是围绕私有企业、市场型经济建立起来的。这种体制在很大程度上是消费者通过到市场购买他们最需要的商品和服务来确定需要生产什么。为了获取利润，私有企业主在与他人竞争中生产这些产品，提供这些服务。在竞争的压力下追求利润的动机以及如何运作在很大程度上决定生产商品和提供服务的方式。因此，在美国经济体制中是消费者个人的需求，加上商人获取最大利润及消费者想最大限度提高购买力的愿望三者共同决定产品种类和利用资源生产产品的方法。
市场型经济中的一个重要因素是反映消费者需求以及生产者对消费者需求作出反应的机制。在美国经济中，这一机制是由价格体制体现的，价格随消费者的相对需求与生产者的供应情况而上下浮动。如果供不应求，价格就上升，有些消费者就会被排挤出市场。另一方面，某种产品大量生产导致成本下降，产销者提供的产品就会增加，这就会使价格下跌，那么，更多的消费者就会购买该产品。因此，价格是美国经济体制中的调节机制。
私有企业经济的一个重要因素是允许个人拥有生产资料(私有财产)，允许他们雇用劳动力，控制自然资源，通过生产产品、提供服务来获取利润。在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包括生产资料的所有权，也包括一定的权利，比如，产品价格的决定权或与其他私有个体的自由签约权。
［A］how American goods are produced
［B］how American consumers buy their goods
［C］how American economic system works
［D］how American businessmen make their profits
Passage2
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bankissued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit on stores,restaurants,and hotels,at home,across the country,and even abroad,and they make many banking services available as well.More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically,making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations,whether or not the local branch bank is open.For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon—its already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers,they have many advantages for sellers too.Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales.They can keep a wide range of records,including who sold what,when,and to whom,This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving.Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient,allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons.Computeranalyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now,which to develop for the future,and which to drop.Computers keep track of goods in stock,of raw materials on hand,and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises,from theaters to magazine publishers,from gas and electric utilities to milk processors,bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
55、According to the passage,the credit card enables its owner to [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］从文章的第一段的第二句话开始，作者就罗列了CREDIT CARD给它的拥有者所带来的便利、好处，那么CREDIT CARD(信用卡)能够使它的主人比别人获得当然是更多的便利之处，因此，正确答案是［B］。［A］的内容与原文不符，［C］的内容在文章中没有提到，［D］的内容与文章内容有出入，太绝对，因此都不正确。
［A］withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes
［B］obtain more convenient services than other people do
［C］enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper
［D］cash money wherever he wishes to
56、From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］文章的第一段的最后一句是针对上文中提到的可以使用信用卡的场合地点之广而作出一个论断，“无现金社会”不是为期不远了，而是已经发生，表明很多人都在使用这种CASHLESS付钱方式，即用信用卡，因此符合这一表达的应为选项［C］。［A］、［B］和［C］的内容在文章中都没有提到。
［A］in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
［B］credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
［C］nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
［D］it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
57、The phrase “ring up sales” (Line 2,Para.2) most probably means “[]”.
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］RING UP的意思是“将销售额记录在记数器内”。［A］、［C］和［D］三个选项意思都与此不符，即使是从文中上下文也无法得出这些含义，因此，只有［A］是正确答案。
［A］make an order of goods
［B］record sales on a cash register
［C］call the sales manager
［D］keep track of the goods in stock
58、What is this passage mainly about?
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道典型的主旨题。全篇文章谈论的是计算机给人生带来的种种益处，在文章的第一段作者讲述了计算机给消费者带来的便利之处——信用卡；第二段则讲述了计算机给销售者们带来的便利——自动计款机；在最后一段作者则描述了计算机给其它商业企业带来的便利。综合起来，文章的主题应是计算机给商业领域带来的便利。［A］的内容在文章中没有提到，［C］、［D］的内容与文章中所述有关内容不符，因此本道题目的正确答案是［B］。
译文
一亿三千万美国人的手中至少持有一家银行发行的信用卡。信用卡持有者可在商店、饭店、宾馆，在当地、外地甚至国外赊购货物，同时还可以使他们得到银行提供的许多服务。越来越多的信用卡可以自动读取，于是持卡人就可以在不同地方存取钱，不管本地支行是否营业。对于我们许多人来说，“无现金社会”不是刚刚兴起，而是早已存在。
计算机为消费者提供诸多方便的同时，也给商家带来很多优势。电子收款机能做之事远不止记录销售额，它们可进行各种各样的记录，包括什么人卖了什么，何时卖的，卖给谁了。这些信息使商人们通过了解正在销售哪些商品，商品流动速度如何，从而跟踪其销售情况。然后作出决定是再定货还是把商品退给供应商。同时，这些计算机记录何时销售最忙，哪些职员效率最高，并据此作出人事和职员安排。此外，他们还确定理想的顾客群进行促销活动。基于同样的原因，生产商们也依赖计算机。计算机分析的营销报告能有助于决定目前应重点生产哪些商品，将来开发哪些产品，哪些应停止生产。计算机跟踪库存商品、现有原材料甚至生产过程本身。
许多其他商业性企业，从剧院到杂志社，从煤气、电器公司到奶加工厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者提供更好、效率更高的服务。
［A］Approaches to the commercial use of computers.
［B］Conveniences brought about by computers in business.
［C］Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.
［D］Advantages of credit cards in business.
Passage3
Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age.For these children to develop to their full adult potential,their education must be adapted to those differences.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children,we find ourselves describing their environment as well.While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention,we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development.And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding—the knowledge,hopes,and fears that are passed on to the next generation.
Education in any society is a mirror of that society.In that mirror we can see the strengths,the weaknesses,the hopes,the prejudices,and the central values of the culture itself.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicated the strong feeling in our society that all citizens,whatever their special conditions,deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
“All men are created equal.” Weve heard it many times,but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society.Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denote equality before the law,it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity.That concept implies educational opportunity for all children—the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity,whether that capacity be small or great.Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children—disabled or not—to an appropriate education,and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.In response, schools are modifying their programs,adapting instruction to children who are exceptional,to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.
59、In Paragraph 2,the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］作者在引用演员与背景的例子时，有意强调演员与背景和其他次要角色的相互依托的重要关系。这里，作者的用意是要借此阐明环境——社会与家庭对EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN成长的重要性，因此答案是［A］。［B］、［C］、［D］的内容与原文不相一致。
［A］the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society
［B］exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are
［C］exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society
［D］the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children
60、The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道测试细节的题目。根据文章的第三段的最后一句话，即所有的公民，无论他们是处于怎样特殊的情况下，都应该有机会充分发挥他们的潜力，可以得到正确答案［C］。［A］、［B］内容在文章中没有提及，［D］的内容在文章中并不是作为该题目所涉及的理由给出的，因此都不正确。
［A］they are expected to be leaders of the society
［B］they might become a burden of the society
［C］they should fully develop their potentials
［D］disabled children deserve special consideration
61、This passage mainly deals with [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道测试文章主题的题目。事实上，作者在文章的第一段就点明了本文的主题：为了使这些EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN(本文指残疾儿童)和其他正常的儿童一样有机会充分发展他们的潜力，就要对这些超常儿童的教育作出调整以期达到这一目的，所以答案应为［D］。
［A］the differences of children in their learning capabilities
［B］the definition of exceptional children in modern society
［C］the special educational programs for exceptional children
［D］the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children
62、From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道细节题，在文章的最后一段有一句话提供了本题正确答案可参照的依据：“...RECENT COURT DECISIONS HAVE CONFIRMED THE RIGHT OF ALL CHILDREN—DISABLED OR NOT—TO AN APPROPRIATE EDUCATION,AND HAVE ORDERED THAT PUBLIC SCHOOLS TAKE THE NECESSARY STEPS TO PROVIDE THAT EDUCATION”。即对儿童在教育上的关心得到了法律上的支持，因此正确答案应该为［A］。
译文
特殊儿童与其同龄儿童在某些重要方面有所不同。要使这些儿童能够长大成人，必须使他们所受的教育适应这些差异。
尽管我们侧重于特殊儿童的需要，但我们不知不觉地也在谈他们所处的环境。虽然舞台上的主角吸引我们的注意力，我们也意识到了配角以及戏剧布景的重要性。特殊儿童生活的家庭与环境常常是他们生长与发展的关键。而且，是在公立学校里，我们发现社会的认识得到了充分的体现——在学校，知识、希望、恐惧都传给了下一代。
任何社会的教育都是那个社会的一面镜子。在那里镜子里，我们可以看到力量、弱点、希望、偏见以及文化本身的重要价值。在过去的三十年中，公共教育对特殊儿童显示出的极大兴趣表明了我们社会的强烈情感，即所有公民，无论情况怎样特殊，都应该有机会全面发展自己的能力。
“人人生来平待”。这句话我们已听了多遍了，但是它对于民主社会里的教育仍然具有重要的意义。虽然这句话被这个国家的缔造者们用来指法律面前的平等，但也被解释为机会均等。这一概念意味着所有儿童都有接受教育的机会——即每个儿童，无论能力大小，都有权在学习上得到最大限度的帮助。近来法院的裁决已经认可了所有儿童(无论残疾与否)都有权接受适当教育，并且命令公立学校采取必要步骤提供这种教育。相应地，学校正在修改教学计划，使教学适应特殊儿童，适应那些不能从正常教学中大量获益的学生。
［A］is now enjoying legal support
［B］disagrees with the tradition of the country
［C］was clearly stated by the countrys founders
［D］will exert great influence over court decisions
Passage4
“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade well know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,”says microbiologist Robert Weinberg,an expert on cancer.“But,”he cautions,“some people have the idea that once one understands the causes,the cure will rapidly follow.Consider Pasteur,he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections,but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”
This year,50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years.In the year 2000,the National Cancer Institute estimates,that figure will be 75 percent.For some skin cancers,the fiveyear survival rate is as high as 90 percent.But other survival statistics are still discouraging—13 percent for lung cancer,and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas(胰腺).
With as many as 120 varieties in existence,discovering how cancer works is not easy.The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s,when they discovered that oncogenes,which are cancercausing genes(基因)，are inactive in normal cells.Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene,but how remains unknown.If several oncogenes are driven into action,the cell,unable to turn them off,becomes cancerous.
The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious,but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.“Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward.Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated;as Hayward points out,“We cant prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”
The prospects for cure,though still distant,are brighter.
“First,we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself.Second,we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble.If we can understand how cancer works,we can counteract its action.”
63、The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道推论题。在文章的第一段的最后一句“CONSIDER PASTEUR,...BEFORE CURES WERE AVAILABLE,”作者指出了巴斯特发现了许多感染的原因，但是找到治疗的方法是在五、六十年以后，作者以此提醒人们不要太盲目乐观，并不是“知道了事情的起因，就一定能对症下药解决问题”，即战胜癌症还有很长的路要走，因此只有答案［D］最符合文意。
［A］predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade
［B］indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright
［C］prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years
［D］warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered
64、the author implies that by the year 2000,[].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］文章的第二段讲述的是在不久的将来癌症病人存活的年限以及比率的问题。文章说：现在患癌症的910，000人中有一半可以至少再活五年时间。到2000年时，这个数字将为四分之三以上的人可以存活五年以上的时间，对有些皮肤癌来说，患者生存五年以上的比率为百分之九十，可有些其它癌症患者的存活时间的统计数字却不那么令人乐观——肺癌，胰腺癌患者存活五年以上的比率分别为百分之十三和百分之二。因此，从总体来看，癌症患者存活时间以及比率的变化还不十分剧烈，所以［D］是本道题的正确答案。因文中说的是FOR SOME SKIN CANCERS,［A］的内容相对过于绝对；［B］的内容与原文不符；［C］的内容与文中正相反。
［A］there will be a drastic rise in the fiveyear survival rate of skincancer patients
［B］90 percent of the skincancer patients today will still be living
［C］the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers
［D］there wont be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients
65、Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］文章的第三段讲述了有关ONCOGENES的内容，这是一种致癌的基因，在正常的细胞中处于休眠状态，但它可以被激活，导致细胞发生癌病变。符合文章中这一表述的，四个选项中只有［B］，因此［B］是本道题目的正确答案。［A］中的IN OPERATION与原文中INACTIVE正相反；［C］的内容在文章中没有提及；［D］的内容与文中内容不符。
［A］that are always in operation in a healthy person
［B］which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated
［C］that can be driven out of normal cells
［D］which normal cells can't turn off
66、The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］根据文章的第三段的第二、三句话，ONCOGENE一般情况下是不活动的、迟钝的，但是任何情况诸如宇宙射线，辐射或饮食都会激活这一不活动的、迟钝的ONCOGENE，理所当然，DORMANT应为INACTIVE之意，所以［C］是本道题目的正确答案。［B］EVERPRESENT意思是“无时无处不在的”；［D］POTENTIAL“潜在的”。
译文
微生物学家及癌症专家罗伯特·温伯格说：“我深信，在这十年末，我们将对癌细胞有更详细的了解。”但是，他警告说：“有些人认为，一旦人们找到了病因，治疗办法就随之出现。想一想巴斯特吧，他发现了许多传染病病因，但是过了五六十年才有了治疗方法。”今年，91万癌症患者中，50%的人至少可生存五年。国家癌症研究所估计，到2000年，这个数字可达75%。对于一些皮肤癌患者，目前五年的生存率高达90%。但是其他统计数字却不容乐观——肺癌患者13%，胰腺癌患者2%。
由于存在着120多种癌症，找到癌症起因并不容易。70年代初，研究者们取得了很大进展，当时他们发展在正常细胞中，致癌基因并不活跃。从宇宙射线辐射到饮食等任何东西都可能激活休眠的致癌基因，但这一过程仍然不为人知。如果几个致癌基因被激活，而细胞不能将它们消灭，就会成为癌细胞。
这一过程涉及的机理仍然是一个谜。但是许多癌症可能起因于基因表明，我们永远不会防止所有的癌症。肿瘤学家威廉·海沃德说：“变化是进化过程的正常现象”。环境因素永远不可完全消除；正如海德指出的那样，“我们无法准备一种防止宇宙射线的药物。”治疗前景虽遥远，但更加光明。
“首先，我们需要懂得正常细胞是如何控制自己的。其次，我们必须确定细胞中是否有一定数量的基因至少经常成为癌症的起因。如果我们知道了癌症如何产生，我们就能阻止它发生。”
［A］dead
［B］everpresent
［C］inactive
［D］potential
Passage5
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.Sir Alexander Fleming did not ,as legend would have it,look at the mold(霉)on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery.Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error.Innovation is like soccer;even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity,the prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach.Everybody gets ideas,but innovators work consciously on theirs and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise.What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions,professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done.”wrote Rudolph Flesch,a language authority.This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient:“How come nobody thought of that before?” The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears.Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything.Faced with getting from A to B,the average person will automatically set out on the bestknown and apparently simplest route.The innovator will search for alternate courses,which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
67、What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］文章的第一句话指出：“UNTAUGHT MINDS”认为科学技术上的发现是碰巧及偶然而为之的结果，即UNTAUGHT MINDS对科学实验中的辛苦劳动没有给予充分的重视，符合这一意思的选项是［A］。
［A］A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation
［B］A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity
［C］A person who has had no education
［D］An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident
68、According to the author,what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］根据文章的第二段的第一句，...THE PRIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INNOVATORS AND OTHERS IS ONE OF APPROACH；接下来作者又写道，...INNOVATORS WORK CONSCIOUSLY ON THEIRS(指THEIR IDEAS)，因此，本道题目的正确答案是［C］。
［A］The variety of ideas they have.
［B］The intelligence they possess.
［C］The way they deal with problems.
［D］The way they present their findings.
69、The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in paragraph 3 because [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］根据第三段的第二句，作者所引用的RUDOLPH FLESCH的话正说明了人们对看似简单的发明的普遍反映，即“怎么以前没人想到这一点呢?”，而这正是创造性思维，事情可以不按以前的做法去进行的结果，因此，本道题目的正确答案是［B］。
［A］Rudolph Flesch is the bestknown expert in the study of human creativity
［B］the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things
［C］the reader is familiar with Rudolph Fleschs point of view
［D］the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented
70、The phrase “march to a different drummer”(the last line of the passage)suggests that highly creative individuals are [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］A DIFFERENT DRUMMER 在这里好比是做事情的不同方法，“HIGHLY CREATIVE INDIVIDUALS,REALLY DO MATCH TO A DIFFERENT DRUMMER”指的是具有高度创意的人就会发现做事情的不同方法，所以“MATCH TO A DIFFERENT DRUMMER”暗示，有创造性思维的人不会也不愿遵循常规做事情的方法。因此，本道题目的正确答案是［B］。
［A］diligent in pursuing their goals
［B］reluctant to follow common ways of doing things
［C］devoted to the progress of science
［D］concerned about the advance of society
Part Ⅳ EnglishChinese Translation(每题3分，共15分)(15points)
According to the new school of scientists,technology is an overlooked force on expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.(71)Science moves forward,they say,not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.(72)“In short,”a leader of the new school contends,“the scientific revolution,as we call it,was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions”. (73)Over the years,tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to,and derived great benefit from,craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technologyyes,geniusno advocate was an analysis of Galileos role at the start of the scientific revolution.The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy,an astronomer of the second century,whose elaborate system of the sky put earth at the center of all heavenly motions.(74)Galileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.But the real hero of the story,according to the new school of scientists,was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses. Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute.(75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 71、72、73、74、75
（本题分值：3分）
【正确答案】
他们(新学派科学家)说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。
Part ⅤWriting(每题15分，共15分)(15points)
76、Directions:
A Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS
B Time limit: 40 minutes
C Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
D Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.”
E. Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.
OUTLINE:
1. The need for friends
2. True friendship
3. My principle in making friends
（本题分值：15分）
【正确答案】
略 |
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发表于 2016-7-27 01:16:28