2015考研英语翻译指导：被动语态

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综合历年考研英语英译汉试题发现，被动语态出现频率较高，几乎每年都包含一句被动语态的翻译。
　　今日老师给2015考研学子们整理了翻译被动语态的常用技巧：
　　I. 将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句
　　英语中被动语态使用广泛，因此，在翻译英语的被动态时，大量的应转译为汉语的主动句，少量的仍可译为被动句。
　　有下列几种情况：
　　(1) 原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语：
　　The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.
　　他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。
　　In the move most of furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends.
　　搬家时大部分家具要么留给了邻居，要么分给了朋友。
　　Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. (2002年)
　　再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业效率密切相关，而效率的提供则又依赖于各种科技人员的努力。
　　(2) 原文中的主语在译文中作宾语：
　　Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan.
　　(人们)不能阻止比林斯先生实行他的计划。
　　By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.
　　大战终了时，这个组织拯救了800人，但这是一两百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。
　　(3) 译成带表语的主动句，可译为“是…的”，“由…的”：
　　This picture was taken by my brother as he went to Yunnan.
　　这张照片是我兄弟去云南时拍的。
　　The movement to oppose racial discrimination was personally initiated and led by a famous Negro leader.
　　这场反对种族歧视的运动是一位著名的黑人领袖发起和领导的。
　　(4) 将英语的被动句译成“把”、“使”、“由”字句
　　By evening the occupation was complete, and people were chased off the streets by an eight o’clock curfew.
　　至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。
　　Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.
　　他的妻子写给他的信件，大多数是由医院的护士念给他听的。
　　II. 将英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句
　　英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句时，往往借助以下几种方式：
　　(1) 译为“被…”或“给…”
　　Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in out the airfield.
　　我们随时都会被进出机场的敌机发现。
　　I started to explain that I could not do my best since my spectacles had been taken away from me, but she wouldn’t let me finish.
　　我开始解释，我不可能干得很好，因为我的眼镜给拿走了，但她不准我讲完。
　　(2) 译为“(遭)受…”
　　Our foreign policy is supported by people all over the world.
　　我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
　　I was seized with sadness as I thought of how the ancient city had been spared during the Second World War and now might be destroyed by an impending riot.
　　一想到这座古城是如何在二战中幸免，而现在却要遭到即将来临的暴乱的毁坏，我内心充满悲伤。
　　(3) 译文“为…所”
　　These views have now been adopted by all proletarians who are fighting for their emancipation.
　　这种观点现在已为正在争取解放的全体无产阶级所采纳。
　　III. 将英语的被动句译成汉语的无主句
　　英语中许多被动句不需要或无法说出行为的主体，翻译时通常译为汉语的无主句。
　　Efficiency is usually expressed as a percentage.
　　通常用百分数来表示效率。
　　Much greater magnification can be obtained with the electron microscope.
　　使用电子显微镜，可以获得更大的放大倍数。