考研英语（一）长难句解析系列——2000年翻译

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　　本文主要讲述世界各国越来越多的干预工农业生产效率以及各类科技人才。全文中在长难句方面，难度适中，从句嵌套较少。下面就其中的典型例句进行分析：
　　【典型例句1】：Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
　　【例句解析】：句子主干是this requires varying measures of…and hence the help of…。Under modern conditions作状语。and表并列，连接前后分句。of centralized control介词短语作定语，修饰measures。of specialized scientists介词短语作定语，修饰help。Such as…作定语，修饰specialized scientists。
　　【难点点拨】：specialized scientist：专门科学家，专家;centralized control：中央控制;varing measures：不同的措施
　　【例句释义】：在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学家等领域专家的协助。
　　【典型例句2】：Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
　　【例句解析】：句子的主干是：it is obvious that…, and that…。that引导it形式主语从句。of a country’s economy 介词短语作定语，修饰strength。of its agriculture and industry介词短语作定语，修饰efficiency。of scientists and technologists介词短语作定语，修饰efforts。of all kinds作定语，修饰scientists and technologists。
　　【难点点拨】：furthermore：再者，另外。it is obvious that：显而易见的是..;be bound up with：与…紧密相关。in turn：反过来;rest upon：有赖于，取决于
　　【例句释义】：再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
　　【典型例句3】：Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.
　　【例句解析】：句子主干是：people everywhere are…and are being…，while governments are…。Owing to…作原因状语。while表对比关系。
　　【难点点拨】：owing to：因为，由于;mass-communications：大众通讯;be exposed to：感受到…;be forced to do：被迫做…。
　　【例句释义】：大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。
　　【典型例句4】：in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization -- with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.
　　【例句解析】：句子主干是：the process of industrialization…was spread…,whereas…。whereas表示对比。破折号中间短语，解释说明the process of industrialization。social patterns that followed中，that引导定语从句。
　　【难点点拨】：with…that followed：随…而来的;far-reaching changes：深刻的变革;undergo：经历;in a decade or so：在10年左右的时间。
　　【例句释义】：在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在10年左右就可能完成这个过程。
　　【典型例句5】：Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
　　【例句解析】：句子主干是：Additional social stresses may also occur…。because of…做原因状语。arising from…现在分词作后置定语，修饰population explosion or problems。themselves指代mass migration movements。made relatively…过去分词短语作themselves定语。
　　【难点点拨】：occur：出现，产生;population explosion：人口爆炸;arising from：由…引起，产生于;means：方式，方法。
　　【例句释义】：由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
　　总之，五个翻译题并没有涉及定语从句、状语从句等高频考点，而是对后置定语的考察较多，考生不仅需要掌握定语从句，还需要熟练掌握定语的其他用法，尤其是后置定语。本篇文章是对现代化进程的一个缩影的描述，考生课余时间可了解背景知识，有利于提高阅读速度和正确率。
　　(本文作者为中公考研英语指导老师—路达)