考研英语（一）长难句解析系列——2000年阅读Text 4

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　　本文主要讨论了战后日本在经济高速发展、物质极大丰富的同时，其年青一代所存在的难以忍受的困难和处境。全文中在长难句方面，难度还是较大的。作为改革前2000年考研英语试卷的第四篇文章，句子难度虽然较前面题型有所提升，但是仍处于中级难度。下面就其中的典型例句进行分析：
　　【典型例句1】：The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为The coming and an entry have limited the opportunities。of age作后置定语，修饰the coming。of the postwar baby boom作后置定语，修饰age。of women是后置定语，修饰entry。into the male-dominated job market是后置定语，修饰entry。of teenagers是后置定语，修饰opportunities。who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs是who引导的定语从句，修饰teenagers;其中，involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the heavy personal sacrifices;to good schools and jobs是介词短语作后置定语，修饰social ladder。
　　【难点点拨】：baby boom：婴儿潮;rigid：严格的;
　　【例句释义】：战后婴儿潮时代的到来以及女性进入男性主导的工作市场，已经限制了青少年的机会。他们已经开始质疑为了获得较好的教育和工作，攀登日本森严的社会阶梯所付出的巨大个人代价是否值得。
　　【典型例句2】：In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.
　　【例句解析】：本句中主句为far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs。than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed是than引导的比较状语从句，修饰主句，采用了全部倒装结构;in the 10 other countries surveyed是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 their counterparts。
　　【难点点拨】：counterpart：对应的人/物，此句中指“工人”。
　　【例句释义】：而且，与被调查的其他10个国家的工人相比，更多的日本工人对他们的工作表达不满。
　　【典型例句3】：While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression.
　　【例句解析】：本句主句为Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression。While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics是while引导的让步状语从句，修饰主句。
　　【难点点拨】：basic：基础知识;mechanical：机械的;stress…over….：更强调….而不重视…;
　　【例句释义】：尽管日本教育经常因其注重基础知识而受到外国人的赞扬，但是它往往强调考试以及机械学习，而不重视创造力和自我表达。
　　【典型例句4】：Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”.
　　【例句解析】：本句主句为 Last year Mitsuo Setoyama raised eyebrows。who was then education minister是由who引导的定语从句，修饰Mitsuo Setoyama。when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”是由when引导的时间状语从句，修饰主句;其中包括一个宾语从句that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”;introduced by the American occupation authorities是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰liberal reforms;after World War II是时间状语，修饰introduced。
　　【难点点拨】：raised eyebrows：不同意;occupation authorities：占领当局;
　　【例句释义】：去年时任教育部长的濑户光夫曾发出责难，认为二战后由美国占领当局所出台的自由改革削弱了日本人尊重父母的道德观。
　　【典型例句5】：In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
　　【例句解析】：本句主句为 the Japanese divorce rate has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter，是由and连接的两个并列句。In the past decade是时间状语，修饰主句。while still well below that of the United States是由while引导的让步状语从句，修饰并列句的第一个分句。
　　【难点点拨】：well：远远地，大大地;
　　【例句释义】：在过去的10年中，日本的离婚率，尽管仍远在美国之下，却也已经上升了50%多，而自杀率则上升了近1/4。
　　总之，由于本文中对于后置定语、状语、定语从句等知识点的考查较多，因此大家课下需要多多复习，尤其是要弄懂其中的难点。此外，如果时间充足的话，可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章，如《经济学人》、《美国新闻与世界报道》等，积累英语国家新闻中常用到的表达。
　　(本文作者为中公考研英语指导老师—张玉环)