考研英语（一）长难句解析系列——2000年完型

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　　本文主要讨论了农民生产要有结余的重要性。全文中在长难句方面，难度并不大。作为2000年考研英语试卷的第一道题，句子难度适中，不会给考生造成过多理解上的困难，进而影响考试心情以至发挥不佳。但是作为考研英语的完型题目，全文中还是有一些长句需要大家认真分析和理解的，下面就其中的典型例句进行分析：
　　【典型例句1】：If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production。If a farmer wishes to succeed是if引导的条件状语从句，修饰主句。
　　【例句释义】：如果一个农民要想取得成功，那么他就必须要在消费和产量之间保持一个差额。
　　【典型例句2】：He can continue to support himself and his family only if he produces a surplus.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为He can continue to support himself and his family。only if he produces a surplus是only if引导的条件状语从句，修饰主干。
　　【难点点拨】：surplus：盈余;
　　【例句释义】：他只有生产有所盈余，才能继续供养自己及其家庭。
　　【典型例句3】：He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to replace old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance and as a commodity。against the unpredictable effects of bad weather是介词短语作后置定语，修饰insurance。which he must sell in order to replace old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil是which引导的定语从句，修饰commodity。
　　【难点点拨】：implement：工具;chemical fertilizers：化肥;
　　【例句释义】：他必须以三种方式来使用这种盈余：作为耕种种子;作为以防恶劣天气变化莫测的影响而准备的保险;作为商品，他必须卖之以更换农具并获得化肥来供养土地。
　　【典型例句4】：He must either sell some of his property or seek extra funds in the form of loans.
　　【例句解析】：本句由either…..or…..连接两个并列的谓语部分，构成并列句。
　　【例句释义】：他必须卖掉部分财产，或者以贷款的形式寻求另外的资金。
　　【典型例句5】：Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable.
　　【例句解析】：本句是由but连接的两个并列句。
　　【难点点拨】：obtainable：能得到的;
　　【例句释义】：自然，他将试图以低利率来借钱，但是这种类型的贷款并不能经常得到。
　　总之，由于本文中对于后置定语、定语从句等知识点考查较多，因此大家课下需要多多复习，尤其是要弄懂其中的难点。此外，如果时间充足的话，可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章，如《经济学人》、《科学美国人》等，积累英语国家新闻中常用到的表达。
　　(本文作者为中公考研英语指导老师—张玉环)