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本文选自Robert Pogue Harrison的Gardens: An Essay on the Human Condition一文,主要论述了花园如何反映人类的基本诉求,并总结出人类热爱生命的天性呈现出一种神秘的表现形式。全文中在长难句方面,难度并不小。作为2013年考研英语试卷的翻译题,句子难度必然会较前面题型有所提升,尤其是文中所划出并要求翻译的五个句子,无论是在分析理解还是翻译成汉语上,都存在一定难度。这难度不仅存在于句子复杂的结构上,还在于相关抽象概念的理解上。下面就其中划线句子之外的典型例句进行分析:
【典型例句1】:There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge.
【例句解析】:本句主句为 There is no doubt,that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify和that self-expression is a basic human urge是由and连接的两个同位语从句解释说明doubt的内容。第一个从句中,to create, express, fashion, and beautify不定式短语作后置定语,修饰urge。
【难点点拨】:evidence:v 显示,反映;impossible:无可救药的;fashion:v 改变。
【例句释义】: 毫无疑问,花园反映了一种无可救药的创造、表达、改变和美化的诉求,而且自我表达是一种基本的人类诉求。
【典型例句2】:One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.
【例句解析】: 本句主干部分为One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence,creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence动名词短语作with的宾语。a “still point of the turning world,”是对前面a state of peace in the midst of turbulence的解释说明,属同位语。to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot是插入语。
【难点点拨】:turbulence:动荡,骚乱;
【例句释义】:在这些诉求中,有一项是要在动荡中创造出一种平静的状态,借用托马斯·艾略特的一个短语来说就是一个“转动世界中的静止点”。
【典型例句3】:This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent.
【例句解析】:本句主句为This distinction is so much;so that where the latter is lacking, the former becomes all the more urgent.是so that 引导的结果状语从句,修饰主句,其中where the latter is lacking又是地点状语从句,修饰the former becomes all the more urgent;as it is for these unlikely gardens 是由as引导的方式状语从句,修饰整个句子,同时又由两个逗号隔开作插入语。
【难点点拨】:so much:这么多,这么大;all the more:更加;
【例句释义】:这种区别如此大,以至于在后者缺失的地方前者就会变得愈加迫切。对于这些不寻常的花园来说,情形正是如此。
【典型例句4】:Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us.
【例句解析】:本句主句为 Another urge or need is intrinsic。that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from 是由that引导的定语从句,修饰Another urge or need。so ……that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us是由so ……that引导的结果状语从句,修饰主句。
【难点点拨】:intrinsic:本质的,固有的;abiding:永久的,长期的。
【例句释义】:这些花园似乎在回应的或者源自于的另一种诉求或需求是固有的,因此我们几乎不会意识到它已存在许久。
【典型例句5】:In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals.
【例句解析】:本句主句为 the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts,是由yet连接的两个并列句。to call arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals是不定式短语作后置定语修饰attempts;其中. of petals or leaves和of stuffed animals又是由as well as连接的两个并列介词短语,修饰presence。
【难点点拨】:unfeasible:难以实行的;composition:艺术作品,此指花园;stuffed animals:毛绒玩具。
【例句释义】:在纽约的大部分无家可归者的花园中,真正栽培植物是不可行的,但是即便如此,这些花园也经常看起来体现了人们的尝试——对于材料的布置,色彩的运用,一小池水,经常出现的花瓣、树叶以及毛绒玩具。
总之,由于本文中对于定语后置、定语从句、状语从句、同位语、并列句等知识点考查较多,而且还包含不少相关的抽象概念,因此对此大家课下需要多多复习。此外,如果时间充足的话,可以多读一些地地道道的外国文章,如《经济学人》等,积累英语国家的常用表达。
(本文作者为中公考研英语指导名师——张玉环)
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