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2019考研英语阅读大家复习的怎么样?错题率如何?不管是错多错少，考试之前都有机会提升和调整，重要的是心态保持好。多刷刷题，多总结。不少同学表示没题可刷，新东方在线建议久一点的真题也可以练练手，下面分享00-05年的阅读题给大家来刷题检验，看看得分率如何：
2004年英语阅读真题解析part2
Part Two
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been
condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive:
alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to
discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower
half of the alphabet.
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big
advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman.
English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a
suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters
between A and K.
Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with
B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his
father)had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the
second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7
rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac,
Chrétien and Koizumi). The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan,
Duisenberg and Hayami)are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of
them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men
(Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time
enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At
the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils
alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So
short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the
improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the
alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the
result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention,
as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs
proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people
are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot
papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up
alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through
them.
6. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac
cars?
[A] A kind of overlooked inequality. [B] A type of conspicuous bias.
[C] A type of personal prejudice. [D] A kind of brand
discrimination.
7. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.
[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.
[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.
[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
8. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.
[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students.
[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.
[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students.
[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight.
9. What does the author mean by "most people are literally having a ZZZ"
(Lines 2 - 3, Paragraph 5)?
[A] They are getting impatient. [B] They are noisily dozing off.
[C] They are feeling humiliated. [D] They are busy with word puzzles.
10. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
Unit 11 (2004) Part 2
重点词汇：
1. condemn (声讨，谴责) 即con加强意义+demn詛咒指责。we all condem cruelty to
children.我们一致谴责虐待儿童的行为
2. insidious (暗中进行的，不知不觉的)insidious diease 潜伏的疾病 the insidious approach of
age不知不觉就老了 ( life is short and time is swift .孩子们努力吧!)
3. thrive (兴旺，繁荣) He that will thrive, must rise at five. [谚]五更起床,
百事兴旺。
4. thumb through ( 翻阅[书页] )
5. suspiciously (猜疑地;形迹可疑) Everything was suspiciously quiet. 一切静的离奇。
6. predecessor (前辈;[被取代的] 原有事物) 即pre-前面+cess-走+or-人→“走在我们前面的人”→“前辈”。 John
Adams was Jefforson’s predecessor as President. 杰弗逊的前任总统是约翰-亚当斯The new proposal
is better than its predecessor.新的建议比原来的好。
7. coincidence (巧合) The polt of the novel relies too much on coincidence to
be lialistic. 这部小书的情节多靠巧合安排而无真实感。
8. rot(腐朽，腐化) the rot sets in when we lost that important customer in
American.我们失去了美国那家重要客户后。情况变得越来越糟。How can we stop the rot in our
society?我们怎样才能制止社会的腐败呢? Don’t talk rot! 不要胡说
9. humiliation (羞辱，蒙耻) suffer publicc humiliation 当众受辱 a national
humilation 国耻
10. literally ( 简直) I was literally bored to death!我真得腻烦死了。
11. shortlist 供最后选举用的候选人名单
12. ballot (选票) 即ball球+ot=et小→小球→旧时秘密表决用时的小球。The ballot is stronger than
the bullet 选举权比子弹更具威力——林肯。
13. attendee (出席者，参加者) 即at=ad到向+tend=sretch展开+ ee者。Attendees at a
convention 大会的出席者
14. recipient (接收者) 即re+cip=take取+i+ent。 a recipient country 受援国 They would
in time become the recipients of much criticism. 他们迟早会受到许多批评
15. plough (through) (艰难前进，) The ship ploughed through the waves那轮船破浪前进
plough through mountains of work 费力的处理堆积如山的工作
难句分析：
①This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to
discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower
half of the alphabet.
该句子的主干是this refers to discrimination。主语this 和谓语refers to之间插入了介词短语for
those作状语，those 后跟着形容词短语unaware of…作定语，宾语discrimination 后跟介词短语against
those作定语，those后又有whose引导的定语从句。
注意两个逗号之间是补充说明成分,阅读时可以先跳过不读。
②It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big
advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone
directories.
It has long been known
that…是一个固定句式，他的意思是“长久以来人们都知道…”其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句;从句本身又是一个复合句，开始是主句 a taxi
firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars ，其中分词结构called AAA
cars 是后置定语，修饰firm,后面的when 引导一个时间状语从句。
英语中为了避免头重脚轻，通常把较长的主语放在句子后面，而以放在句首的形式主语it代替它。
③Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with
B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his
father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the
second half.
该句子的主干是由and连接的两个分句，即American president and vice-president have surnames，and
26 of…had surnames。第一个分句的宾语surnames后是分词结构starting with作定语;第二个分句宾语紧跟的介词结构in the
first half of the alphabet作定语，另外一个分词结构…的完整形式是against just 16 of George Bush's
predecessors had surnames in the second half
④One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically
disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.
本句的主干是主语+系动词+表语结构: One theory, …is that the rot sets in
early,其中两个逗号之间的部分是过去分词结构dreamt up…，作前面theory 的定语，其中过去分词结构enjoyed by the
alphabetically disadvantaged作前面time的定语。
the alphabetically
disadvantaged(在字母表上排为不利的人)的作用相当于名词，指一类人。(the+形容词=名词，指一类人)。
Rot此处的意思是“一连串的不利”，指因为姓氏的首字母在字母表中的位置考后所遭受的歧视。
⑤At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a
lucky escape.
本句的主语是 the alphabetically disadvantaged，谓语是 may think，后免得 they have had a
lucky escape.是一个宾语从句。
Luck escape此处可以译为“暗自庆幸”
⑥Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference
speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their
recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
该句子的主干是and连接的两个分句：all tend to be drawn up，and their recipients lose
interest.冒号前的三个名词短语是第一个分句主语all的同位语。As引导的时间状语从句，修饰第二个分句。
弄懂本句的关键是理解冒号的作用：(冒号连接从抽象到具体的过程，冒号后面的东西具体说明前面的内容。)
试题解析：
本文的主题是关于对姓氏字母排列在后的人的种种歧视。作者开篇提出中心，下文接着通过列举电话号码簿上的字母排列顺序、总统名字、7大富有国的7大政界首脑名字等等例子论证论点。
6. 【正确答案】[A]
题干问：“作者在文中提到了AAAA车与Zodiac车，其目的是为了说明 ……”。
本题考察考生对原文论点和论据的把握能力。显然，第1自然段作者提出了论点，而第2自然段为举证。选项[A]
“一种受人忽略的不平等”符合题干的含义。选项[D]“一种品牌歧视”本身是例证，不是作者论证的观点。选项[B]“一种易见的偏见”和选项[C]“一种个人偏见”都未表述出篇章的中心论点，即“社会的不平等”。
7. 【正确答案】[D]
题干问：“我们从前三段得出的推论是什么?”本题可以从以下三方面考虑。首先，作者整篇文章的态度是否定和批判的。其次，篇章的重要话题是歧视“discriminaiton”。其三，第1自然段中出现了“insidious”一词，第2自然段中出现了“has
long been
known”表达，都说明了这种现象常常被人们忽视。选项[D]“某种歧视太微妙而不易引人注意”是根据原文可以得出的推理。选项[A]“无论在东方或西方，名字对成功都是至关重要的”，选项[B]“Zoë
Zysman的失败归咎于字母表”和选项[C]“消费者经常太多地关注公司的名字”，三个选项是原文片语表达断章取义的表述。
8.【正确答案】 [C]
题干问：“第4段的暗示是
……”。注意题干的要求，可以定位在原文的第4自然段，归纳原文信息，可知选项[C]“教师应该注意的是所有的学生”正确。其实，在下文第5自然段作者再次表述了这一观点。选项[A]“被提问的往往是更聪明的学生”，选项[B]“字母顺序有劣势的学生常常逃学”和选项[D]“应该根据学生的视力来安排座位”，三个选项是原文片语表达断章取义的表述，甚至是原文信息的曲解。
9. 【正确答案】[B]
题干问：“当作者提到‘most people are literally having a
ZZZ’，其含义是什么?”题干中短语的位置出现在原文第5自然段。该表达与上文第4自然段的“attention”和下文的“lose
interest”构成了照应关系，根据篇章的一致性，选项[B]“他们正在鼾声隆隆地进入梦乡”与上文构成了较佳的衔接关系。而选项[A]“他们正在变得不耐烦”，[C]“他们正在感到受羞辱”，和[D]“他们忙着玩文字游戏”都无法构成这种最佳的概念性的重复和衔接关系，甚至是根据原文片语信息的断章取义。
10. 【正确答案】[D]
题干问：“根据本文，下面哪项是正确的?”本题可以从以下三方面考虑。首先，可以从第1自然段的论点得出判断。其次，可以从篇章的关键词概念判断，如“alphabetism”、“bias”、“discrimination”等。其三，可以从作者的态度来看。根据这些分析，选项[D]“按照字母表顺序排列方法可能造成无意的偏见”与原文信息是吻合的。选项[A]“姓氏开头字母从N到Z的人常常受到虐待”，选项[B]“西方世界的名流从字母排列得到许多好处”，选项[C]“消除字母排列歧视的斗争短时间内不会有太大进展”，三个选项是原文片语表达断章取义的表述，甚至是原文信息的曲解。
全文翻译：
在过去的一个世纪里各种各样的不公和歧视遭到了谴责或定为非法。但是有一种隐蔽的形式还在蔓延：按字母表顺序排名。对于尚未意识到其危害的人来说，它指的是对那些姓氏起始字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧视。
人们早已知道在客户翻阅电话簿时，名叫AAAA的出租汽车公司要比Zodiac出租汽车公司有很大的优越性。至于在生活方面Adam Abbott较之Zoë
Zysman的优越性就不那么为人所知了。英语的姓名虽然在字母表的前后两半部分的分布相当平均，但顶级人物的姓名的首字母在A与K之间的却多得可疑。
如此这般，美国的总统和副总统的姓氏分别是以B和C字母起头。乔治•布什的前任有二十六位(包括其父)的姓氏均在字母表的前半部，而姓氏在字母表后半部的却仅有十六位。更加令人瞩目的是七大富裕强国政府的首脑中有六位在其姓氏按字母表顺序排名时靠前(Berlusconi，Blair，Bush，Chirac，Chrétien，Koizumi)。世界三大中央银行行长(Greenspan，Duisenberg，Hayami)全都接近字母表的上端，三人之中有一人即使用日文也是如此。世界上最富有的前五位情况也是如此(Gates，Buffett，Allen，Ellison，Albrecht)。
这仅仅是巧合吗?按字母表顺序排名靠后的人在享受闲暇时光时凭空想出一种理论，认为这种倒霉事老早就开始了。在幼儿学校第一年之始，老师为了较为容易记住学生的名字，就按字母表顺序由前往后给学生排座位。因此近视的小Zysman就被插在了后排，这样一来，粗心的教师提出的有助于提高的问题就很少会问到他。这时，按字母表顺序排名靠后的学生还认为他们能逃避老师的问题很幸运。然而，结果可能就是成绩欠佳，因为这种学生得到的个人关注较少，同时当众讲话时的信心也不足。
这种委屈继续着。在大学的毕业典礼上，姓名首字母是ABC的学生骄傲的首先领到奖品;等轮到Zysmans们领奖品的时候，大多数人简直都在鼾声大作了。求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单，也是按字母表顺序排序，当人们费劲地向下查看时，兴趣随之索然.
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发表于 2018-9-30 16:58:09