考研英语长难句每日一练(5)

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　　大家都知道，考研英语长难句在考研英语真题中分布在每一个题型中，作文中，合理正确使用一些经典长句，为让我们的文章增色不少，翻译中，长难句总是我们取得高分的拦路虎，阅读和完型中，长难句更是不得不攻克的大难题，另外，记忆一些英语长难句对提高我们的语感和记忆词汇都有所帮助，因此，考生需要花部分精力在英语长难句上，但是面对如此紧张的备考时间，我们该如何备考呢，下面小编为大家整理了一些长难句，包括分析及翻译，供大家每日练习使用，希望能够帮助大家克服长难句这个大难题，预祝大家能够取得好成绩!

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　　1. Theories centering on the individual suggest thatchildren engage incriminal behavior because theywere not sufficiently penalized for previousmisdeeds or that they have learned criminalbehavior through interation with others.
　　【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为 Theories...suggestthat...or that...，两个 that 引导两个并列的从句作suggest 的宾语，由 连or 接。分词结构 centering on...是 Theories 的后置定语;第一个宾语从句中，children engage in criminal behavior 为句子主干，后跟 because 引导的原因状语从句;第二个宾语从句中，through interation with others 为方式状语。
　　【译文】强调个人因素的理论认为儿童的犯罪行为是因为他们曾经的恶习未得到应有的惩治，或是由于受别人影响而学会了犯罪。
　　【点拨】1) engage (sb.) in sth."参加某事;从事某事"。2) misdeed"违法行为，犯罪"。
　　2. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response totheir failure to rise above their socioecomonic status, or as a rejection of middle-class value.
　　【分析】复合句。句子主干为 Theories...suggest that...，that 引导宾语从句。 focusing on the role ofsociety 为现在分词结构作后置定语，修饰 Theories。 宾语从句的主干为 children commit crimes。
　　【译文】强调社会因素的理论认为儿童的犯罪行为是因为他们未能如愿地提高自己的社会经济地位，或者是因为排斥中产阶级的价值观。
　　3. For Example, changes in the economy that lead tofewer job opportunities for youth and risingunemployment in general make gainful employmentincreasingly difficult to obtain.
　　【分析】复合句。句子主语为changes;谓语为make;宾语为gainful employment;increasingly difficult to obtain 为宾语补足语。in the economy 和 that 引导的定语从句均修饰changes。
　　【译文】例如，经济变化导致年轻人就业机会减少和失业率上升，通常在这种情况下，他们更难获得高新职位
　　4. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; consequently,children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional familystructure.
　　【分析】并列复合句。由分号连接的两个并列分句。第一个分句是简单句。第二个分句中，consequently为句首状语， children 是主语，are likely to have 是谓语部分。less supervision at home 是宾语部分，than was common in the traditional family structure 是宾语从句修饰supervision。
　　【译文】单亲家庭和双职工家庭越来越多;从而，儿童在家中受到监管比传统结构家庭要少。
　　【点拨】consist of "由…组成"。
　　5. Other identifiable causes of offensive actsinclude frustration or failure in school, the increasedavailability of drugs and alcohol, and the growingincidence of child abuse and child neglect.
　　【分析】简单句。Other identifiable causes ofoffensive acts 是主语部分;include 是谓语;宾语部分是由逗号连接的三个并列的名词或名词性短语：frustration or failure, the increased availability 和thegrowing incidence，其中in school 和两个 of 短语分别作前面宾语的后置定语。
　　【译文】导致犯罪行为的其他确切因素还有学习受挫，考试不及格、毒品和酒精更容易得到，以及不断增多的儿童受虐和被忽略事件的发生。
　　【点拨】1) identifiable"可辨认的，可识别的，可确认的"。2) availability "有效，有用;可得到的人(或物)"。
　　6. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual andemotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence thatcomes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.
　　【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为teenagers are self-conscious and need the confidence。Because引导原因状语从句;that 引导的定语从句修饰confidence，定语从句中又包含一个 that 引导的宾语从句。
　　【译文】因为青少年正在适应新的身体状况和智力、情感方面的诸多挑战，所以他们的自我意识很强，并且需要信心，这种信心源于获得成功和看到自己的成就获得他人的赞赏。
　　【点拨】1) adjust to 意为"适应，调节"。2) host 是量词，指"许多，大量"。A whole host of "许多，大量"。
　　7. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.
　　【分析】复合句。So…that引导结果状语从句;that 后的 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构 to plan activities，其中包含一个 which 引导的定语从句修饰 activities;for example 为插入语，其后的三个动宾短语列举了三种行为，是对上文 for example 具体的解释说明。
　　【译文】然而，典型的青少年生活方式中已经充斥了如此之多的竞争，所有明智之举就是组织一些胜者多败者少的活动，比如：出版一些学生写的书评时讯、展览学生的艺术作品、发起读书讨论俱乐部。
　　【点拨】1) be filled with 意为"充满;装满"。2) sponsor 在此处用作动词，意为"发起，主办，赞助"，它还可以用作名词，意为"发起者，主办者，赞助者"。

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　　8. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.
　　【分析】并列句。and 连接两个并列分句。后一分句较长，其主干是 many shy students need the security;介词短语 of some kind of organization 作 security 的后置定语，with 复合结构作 organization 的后置定语。
　　【译文】交朋友对青少年来说非常重要，很多腼腆的学生都需借助某种组织使其有安全感，而成人的支持应居于隐蔽的地位。
　　【点拨】1) supportive 意为"支持的，支援的，赞助的"。2) visible 指"可见的，看得见的"。
　　9. A variety of activities should be organized sothat participants can remain active as long as theywant and then go on to something else withoutfeeling guilty and without letting the otherparticipants down.
　　【分析】复合句。主干是 A variety of activities shouldbe organized。so that 引导目的状语从句，该从句中又包含 and 连接的两个并列分句。前一分句中 aslong as 引导条件状语从句，后一分句在 go on 前省略了与第一个分句相同的成分 participants can,without...和 without...为后一分句的状语。
　　【译文】应当组织各种活动使参与者随心随意地保持活跃，并且他们转而参与到其他活动室既不会有所愧疚。也不会让其他参与者失望。
　　【点拨】1) guilty 在句中的意思是"内疚的"，与 about 搭配，而当"有罪的;有过失的"讲时与 of 搭配。2)let sb. down 意为"使某人失望或沮丧"。
　　【临摹】皇天不负苦心人。
　　10. On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning forroles that are within their capabilities and their attention spans and by having clearly statedrules.
　　【分析】复合句。句子主干为 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment。 byplanning for roles 和 by having clearly stated rules 为并列的方式状语，前者还包含 that 引导的修饰roles 的定语从句。
　　【译文】恰恰相反，他们可以通过组织那些在学生们的能力范围内和注意力集中时间内且有明确规则的活动，来帮助学生获得尽职尽责的意识。
　　【点拨】1) a sense of commitment 指的是"一种责任感"。2) attention span 指"注意力的持续时间，可专注的时间"。3) stated 在句中作形容词，意为"阐明的，确定的，规定的"。
　　11. That whispered message, half invitation and halfforcing, is what most of us think of when we hearthe words peer pressure.
　　【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为 message...is what...其中 what 引导表语从句，该从句中包含 when 引导时间状语从句。
　　【译文】每当听到"同侪压力"这个词时，我们大多数的脑海中总会半诱惑半强迫地出现这样一个低低的声音。
　　【点拨】whisper "低语，窃窃私语"，本句中变为过去分词作定语，意为"低语的"。
　　12. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also bea positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials usethe power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.
　　【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为 Tina Rosenberg contends that...，其中 that 引导宾语从句，该从句中又包含 what 引导的宾语从句，作 through 的宾语。what 引导的宾语从句中还包含 which 引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰 the social cure，其中介词 in 提前。
　　【译文】但是在她的新书《加入俱乐部》中，Tina Rosenberg认为同侪压力也能成为一种积极的力量，社会组织和政府利用群体动力帮助一些人改善他们的生活，甚至改变整个世界。她将这种方法称为社会疗法。
　　【点拨】1) contend "声称，主张"。2) dynamics "动力学，动态"，本句中指"动力"。