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2019考研英语阅读大家复习的怎么样?错题率如何?不管是错多错少，考试之前都有机会提升和调整，重要的是心态保持好。多刷刷题，多总结。不少同学表示没题可刷，新东方在线建议久一点的真题也可以练练手，下面分享00-05年的阅读题给大家来刷题检验，看看得分率如何：
2000年英语阅读真题解析part5
Part Five
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition — wealth,
distinction, control over one's destiny — must be deemed worthy of the
sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have
vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by
people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd
way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition
as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition
— if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is
a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the
horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them.
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now
than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names
and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than
a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully
to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought
pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical
spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of
American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical
books who takes his meals in three star restaurants; the journalist advocating
participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled
in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional,
the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing
ambitious."
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public
defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.
As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be
admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever
been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that
people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer
openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of
course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly.
Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right
stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people
trying to get on in life.
17. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if
________.
[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power
[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material
[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous
18. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it
is ________.
[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out
[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal
[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
19 Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.
[A] they think of it as immoral
[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth
[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits
[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
20. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition
should be maintained ________.
[A] secretly and vigorously [B] openly and enthusiastically
[C] easily and momentarily[D] verbally and spiritually
Unit 8
Unit 7 (2000) Part 5
重点词汇：
1.ambition
(雄心，野心)看作am+bit+ion，am是，bit一点，-ion名词后缀，考研的人都是(am)有一点点(bit)野心(ambition)，谐音“俺必胜”!形容词形式为ambitious
←ambit+ious形容词后缀。All ambitions are lawful except those which climb upward on the
miseries or credulities of mankind.野心是合法的，不过利用人们的痛苦或轻信者除外。
2.destiny
(命运)看作de+s+tiny，de-否定前缀，s谐音“是”，tiny微小的，命运(destiny)不(de)是(s)小事情(tiny)。A tyrant's
authority for crime, and a fool's excuse for failure.命运：暴君作恶的理由，傻瓜失败的借口。
3.vitality(生命力)即vit(a)+al+ity，vita词根“生命”(如vitamin←vita+min，原义为“维持生命的胺类物质”，即“维生素”)，-al形容词后缀，-ity名词后缀。vitality
— the pursuit of life 活力——对生命的追求。
4.hypocritical(伪善的)看作hypo+critical，hypo-前缀“在……之下、次于”(如hypothesis→hypo+thesis论点→次于论点地位的→n.假设)，critical批评的，“在批评之下的”→伪善的;名词形式为hypocrisy(虚伪，伪善)。hypocrisy
— ①the lubricant of society ②the most difficult and nerve-racking vice that any
man can pursue; it needs an unceasing vigilance and a rare detachment of spirit
伪善——①社会的润滑剂 ②人们所能学到的最困难、最刺激的恶习;它需要不懈的警惕性和精神的高度超脱。
5.escape(v.n.逃跑;避免); Investing the future has been man's favourite game of
escape.虚构未来一向是人类最喜爱的逃避把戏。
6.confess(v.供认;坦白;忏悔)即con+fess，con-一起，fess词根“说”，“把知道的全都说了”。同根词：profess
(v.声称;教授)←pro向前+fess说，“走到前面对大家说”。I'm not ashamed to confess that I'm ignorant of
what I don't know.我不耻于承认对自己不懂的事情的无知。
7.pushing (有进取心的;急功近利的)←push推+ing形容词后缀。
8.acquisitive
(渴望获得的;贪得无厌的)即acquisit+ive，acquisit为acquire(v.获得)之变形，-ive形容词后缀。In an acquisitive
society the form that selfishness predominantly takes is monetary
greed.在一个贪婪的社会里，贪财是自私自利的突出表现形式。
9.vulgar (粗俗的);名词为vulgarity(粗俗;粗俗的行为)←vulgar+ity名词后缀。Prejudices are what
rule the vulgar crowd.支配庸人们的是偏见。vulgarity — the garlic in the salad of taste
粗俗——味觉色拉里的大蒜。
10.spectacle
(场面;奇观)即spect+acle，spect词根“看”，-acle表“物”。同根词：spectator(观众，旁观者)←spect+ator后缀表“人”。Life
is not a spectacle or a feast; it is a predicament.生活并非奇观，亦非盛宴，它是一种困境。
11.Participatory(供分享的)即Parti+cip+atory，Parti(=Part)，cip(=cap)抓，-atory形容词后缀，“抓取其中一部分”→供分享的。参Participation，2001年Passage
1。
12.democracy
(民主;民主制;民主国家)←demo+cracy，demo-人民，cracy统治，“由人民统治的”;也可把demo看作“演示”(如很多演示版软件就叫Demo)，尚处于演示(demo)阶段的统治(cracy)手段→民主(democracy)。另可记：autocracy(独裁统治;专制国家)←auto自己+cracy;autonomy(自治)←auto+nom+y。Democracy
means simply the bludgeoning of the people by the people for the
people.民主不过是意味着为了人民而由人民来强制人民。
13.enroll (v.招收;入学;入伍)即en+roll，en-使，roll名册，“使登记入册”。I like your institute
but I do not want to enroll.我喜欢你们学院，但我不想报名去那里。
14.impulse (v.n.推动;冲动)看作im+pulse，im-加强前缀，pulse脉搏。There is one thing better
than crushing impulse, it is using impulse.有一件事比压制冲动更可取，即利用冲动。
15.stir (v.搅动;激动;鼓动)与star(明星)只一元音字母之差，联想：star有stir的作用。Make no little
plans: they have no magic to stir men's blood.不要作小计划，它们没有激动热血的魔力。
16.earnest (热心的，诚挚的)看作earn+est，earn赚钱，est即最高级，“很多很多人非常非常热衷于赚钱”。An earnest
desire to succeed is almost always prognostic of success.对成功的热切愿望几乎总是成功的预兆。
17.contemptible (卑劣的)即contempt+ible，contempt蔑视，-ible可……的。
18.at an end 完结;
19.get on in life 出人头地。
难句解析：
① If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition — wealth,
distinction, control over one's destiny — must be deemed worthy of the
sacrifices made on ambition's behalf.
此句包含一个if引导的条件状语从句If ambition is to be well regarded，主句的主语是the rewards of
ambition，谓语是must be deemed，而wealth, distinction, control over one's
destiny既是插入语，又是the rewards的同位语。made on ambition's behalf是the sacrifices的补语。
本句中需弄清一些词汇的含义，如：distinction声望显赫或出人头地;worthy of对得起或不辜负;on behalf of为了。
②If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely
shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves
admired, the educated not least among them.
这是一个并列关系的并列句。前一个分句又包含由if引导的条件状语，主句中的主语it指代the tradition of
ambition。后一分句中who are themselves admired修饰people，the educated not least among
them是people的补语。
注意people who are themselves admired指“自己也受人仰慕的人士”;not least意为“相当重要”。
③There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn
door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on
them.
a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped是前面主句的补语，with
the educated themselves riding on them是补语中的伴随状语。
hypocrisy虚伪或伪善，理解了这个词，后面的比喻就简单了。要理解这个比喻，最好把句中的马理解为ambition的象征。注意这个比喻和“亡羊补牢”没有任何关系，它的意思更接近于“掩耳盗铃”;在这里是指受过良好教育的人在自己的野心实现以后，从追求野心的过程中受了益，但他们得了便宜还卖乖，反过来谴责野心，并说自己并没有追求野心。
④ Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now
than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names
and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than
a decade or two years ago.
此处出现了两个比较级，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和less
in demand today than a decade or two years ago。
千万注意两句中的双重否定：“do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than
formerly”means“seem at least as interested in success and its signs now as
formerly, if not more”，后面的do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two
years ago也是如此。
⑤ What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as
easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive
and vulgar.
what一词指代的是that引导的从句，从句中as easily and openly as once they
could又是下一层的状语，此外lest引导带虚拟语气的假设状语从句。
注意lest一词的含义(“唯恐”)和用法(引导虚拟语气)。而且在阅读过程中应该能够推测出pushing，acquisitive，vulgar三词都是贬义。
⑥ Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more
than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a
Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in
three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating Participatory democracy in all
phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
本句的主句是we are treated to fine hypocritical
spectacles。后面有一个非限定性的定语从句修饰spectacles。在冒号的后面是三个并列的名词性短语，其核心词分别是critic，publisher和journalist。
要理解本句，首先要正确理解be treated
to的意思是“被款待，被招待”;因此后面的spectacles就不是“眼镜”，而是“壮观景象”，此处有一定的反讽意味。后面即使不理解其具体含义，大致也应该抓住的是虚伪，说一套做一套的具体事例，从这个角度理解就比较清楚了。
⑦ The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public
defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely
unattractive.
此句是用分号隔开的两个并列句，后面的一个分句中有一个where引导的定语从句，从整体上来修饰its public
defenders，只不过先行词用了where。
要理解分号前后是从正反两个方面来说明人们对于ambition的态度，同时注意最后的定语从句中的那个双重否定，表达了作者的一种态度，说明作者对于野心的维护者是抱肯定的态度的，从而也能推出作者对于野心也是持积极态度的，而作者所不齿的是对于野心问题虚伪的、说一套做一套的做法。
试题解析：
17. 【正确答案】 [A]
意为：其收益足以抵得上做出的牺牲。文章第一句指出，如果正确看待野心(雄心)，由野心所带来的收益——如财富、名声以及对自己命运的控制力等——必须被看做是抵得上为(实现)野心所做出的牺牲的。言外之意，只有树立雄心壮志，并为实现雄心壮志做出努力和牺牲，收到的回报就会大于做出的牺牲，使你感到没有白白做出牺牲。作者在本文中谈到了如何正确看待树立“野心”，不要对“野心”避而不谈。
B意为：野心使人取得金钱、名誉和权力(或力量)。在第一句中，财富、名誉以及对自己命运的控制力只是作为取得回报的三个例子，并非仅包括这三方面而已。因此，选择项[A]更加确切地表达了第一句的意思。C意为：其目标是精神上的而不是物质方面的。D意为：野心是富人和名人共有的。第一段第二句的意思是：如果野心的传统要保持其生命力(指这一传统要持续下去)，人们必须普遍拥有野心——特别是那些受过教育的人更是如此。然而，奇怪的是，恰恰是这些人回避这一话题，虽然他们从中受益匪浅。
18. 【正确答案】 [C]
意为：在目标实现后又不诚实地否认(拥有)野心(的重要性)。第一段最后一句的前半句指责这些人是虚伪的(hypocrisy)，后半句是一个比喻。含意为：他们是野心的受益者，但又虚伪地否认拥有野心的重要性。
A意为：受过教育者习惯于口头上摈弃野心。含意为：口头上否认自己有野心，但行动上实践之。原句中的“虚伪”并非指这些人口是心非，而是指他们是野心的受益者(也许他们自己都没有认识到这一点)，但又虚伪地否认拥有野心的重要性。B意为：野心一旦被释放出来就无法控制。D意为：对受过教育者来说，享受野心所带来的益处是不现实的。
19. 【正确答案】 [D]
意为：他们不想看起来贪婪、卑鄙。根据第二段第三句，事实是：人们不坦陈自己的梦想(即指野心)——不像从前一样容易公开承认梦想，以防被人看做是爱出风头的、贪婪的(acquisitive)和庸俗的人。
A意为：他们将此看做是不道德的。B意为：他们追求的不是名誉或财富。C意为：野心与物质利益没有密切关系。
20. 【正确答案】 [B]
意为：公开并热情地。根据最后一段第四、五句，由于人们不公开表达自己的野心，就产生一些不良后果，有些野心就成为暗中拥有的东西，使人变得狡黠。由此推论，作者认为，人们不应该隐瞒自己的“野心”，以免产生人对人的猜疑和阴谋。
A意为;秘密并严格地。C意为：容易并暂时地。D意为：在语言上和精神上。
全文翻译：
个人的雄心如果能被正确看待的话，那么它的回报——财富、声誉、对命运的掌握——则应该被认为值得为之付出牺牲。如果雄心的传统具有生命力，那么它就应该受到广泛的推崇，尤其应该受到那些自身得到他人羡慕的人们的高度重视，当然那些接受过良好教育的人也应包括在内。然而，恰恰是那些受过良好教育的人却不可思议地声称他们已经放弃了雄心壮志这一理想。奇怪的是他们已经从雄心壮志中获益颇多了——如果不是他们自己的雄心，那么就是他们父母的和祖父母的。这其中有着浓厚的虚伪色彩，恰如马跑后再关上马厩的门那样，而受过良好教育的人自己正骑在那些马背上。
当然，现在人们对成功及其标志的兴趣似乎并未比从前减弱，避暑别墅，欧洲旅行、宝马车——它们的位置、地名和商标可能会改变，但现在对这些东西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前减少。现在的情况是人们不能像以前那样轻易地、公开地坦陈自己的梦想，惟恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗不堪。相反我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅;激进的出版商到三星级宾馆就餐;倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者却把自己的子女送进私立学校。对于这样的人，还有那些也许不太出色的人而言，“不惜一切代价获得成功，但避免让他人看出雄心勃勃”是对他们最好的诠释。
对雄心的攻击非常之多，出自各种不同的角度;公开为之辩解的则少之又少，虽不能说他们是完全没有吸引力的，但却未能给人们留下深刻印象。因此，在美国，作为一种健康的冲动，一种应该令人称羡并扎根于青年人心灵的品质的雄心，它所得到的支持也许比以往任何时期都低。但这并不意味着雄心已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了，只是人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地坦白了。当然这样就带来了很多不良后果，其中的一些后果就是雄心被赶入地下，或暗藏于胸。于是情况就成了这样：左边是愤怒的批评家，右边是愚蠢的支持者，而居中的通常是大多数认真而努力追求成功的人。
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发表于 2018-9-29 18:10:04