2019考研翻译硕士：MTI汉译英政治类话题的表达积累

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以下是新东方在线为大家整理的“2019考研翻译硕士：MTI汉译英政治类话题的表达积累-
以2018政府工作报告为例(4)”的相关内容，希望对考研的同学有所帮助，一起来看看吧!
    今天我们继续以2018年政府工作报告为例，学习并积累一下政治类汉译英的表达方式。
    1.深入开展“互联网+”行动，实行包容审慎监管，推动大数据、云计算、物联网广泛应用，新兴产业蓬勃发展，传统产业深刻重塑。
    首先是关于“开展”一词的翻译，在政府工作报告中，开展活动，开展磋商一类的表达通常都翻译为“carry
out”。其次，“行动”一词大家第一反应可能是move “something that you decide to do in order to achieve
something”，可以看到就是单纯的表示行动，我们官方用了initiative一词 “an important new plan or process to
achieve a particular aim or to solve a particular problem”，那initiative和move最
大的区别就是差了new，“互联网+”毋庸置疑是一个新兴模式，那么这里用initiative明显更为恰当。最后，“深刻重塑”指的应该是从头到尾彻底的重新塑造，所以应该用thorough这个词“including
every possible detail”。除此以外，这句话中大家需要积累的新兴词汇有：大数据big data，云计算cloud
computing，物联网the Internet of Things。
    We have done more in carrying out the Internet Plus Initiative, exercised
accommodative and prudential regulation, and promoted the extensive application
of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things; emerging industries
have achieved vigorous growth, and traditional industries have undergone a
thorough remodeling.
    2. 实施“中国制造2025”，推进工业强基、智能制造、绿色制造等重大工程，先进制造业加快发展。
    这句话中重大工程，工业强基robust industrial foundations，智能制造smart
manufacturing，绿色制造green manufacturing
    Implementation of the Made in China 2025 Initiative has brought progress in
major projects like the building of robust industrial foundations, smart
manufacturing, and green manufacturing, and has accelerated the development of
advanced manufacturing.
    3. 出台现代服务业改革发展举措，服务新业态新模式异军突起，促进了各行业融合升级。
    异军突起，比喻一支新生力量突然出现，因此翻译为“a marked rise”。“各行业”通俗的说法可能会有同学说这还不简单various
industries，然而我们官方给的是 multiple sectors。我们来简单辨析一下sector和industry这两个单词。sector指的是“a
part of the business activity of a country”，而industry指的是“businesses that produce
a particular service”。看完英文释义后是不是觉得sector更恰当一点?
    We unveiled reform and development measures to foster modern services; this
has led to a marked rise in new forms of business in the services sector and new
service models as well as the integration and upgrading of multiple sectors.
    4.种植业适度规模经营比重从30%提升到40%以上。
    种植业适度规模经营 appropriately scaled-up farming
    The share of appropriately scaled-up farming has increased from 30 to over
40 percent.
    5. 采取措施增加中低收入者收入，推动传统消费提档升级、新兴消费快速兴起。
    中低收入者 people in low-and middle-income
brackets，bracket可以指收入，价格，年龄，税收的范围、等级。提到等级大家估计会条件反射想到class这个词，class也表是等级，它是根据教育背景，工作，收入等划分出的社会等级，例如我们常说的middle
class中产阶级。
    We have taken measures to increase the incomes of those in low- and
middle-income brackets, and helped to see an upgrading of traditional forms of
consumption, and a boom in new forms of consumption.
    6. 优化投资结构，鼓励民间投资，发挥政府投资撬动作用，引导更多资金投向强基础、增后劲、惠民生领域。
    “民间投资”，顾名思义就是来自民间的投资，是相对与国有投资而言的，译为private
investment，private这个词有一层词义就是非国有的、民营的。“增后劲”实际说的是有后劲，也就是可持续的力量，所以译为enhance
sustainability.“惠民生”有多种翻译：benefit the people， improve the livelihood， improve
people`s well-being
    We have improved the composition of investment, encouraged private
investment, used government investment to play a catalytic role, and guided more
funding toward areas that strengthen the economic foundation, enhance
sustainability, and improve people’s lives.
    7.
针对长期存在的重审批、轻监管、弱服务问题，我们持续深化“放管服”改革，加快转变政府职能，减少微观管理、直接干预，注重加强宏观调控、市场监管和公共服务。
    “重审批、轻监管、弱服务”翻译为“emphasis on approval procedures, insufficient attention to
regulatory processes, and a failure to provide strong
services”这种并列的成分要注意成分相同，不要说汉语意思对了，一个用了动词短语，一个用名词短语出现语法混乱。“放管服”就是简政放权、放管结合、优化服务streamline
administration, delegate powers, improve regulation, and strengthen
services。转变政府职能transform government functions，宏观调控macro regulation，市场监管market
regulation。
    To address the longstanding issues of excessive emphasis on approval
procedures, insufficient attention to regulatory processes, and a failure to
provide strong services, we have been consistently deepening reforms to
streamline administration, delegate powers, improve regulation, and strengthen
services. We have sped up efforts to transform government functions, reduced
micromanagement and direct intervention, and done more to improve macro
regulation, market regulation, and public services.
    8. 创新和加强事中事后监管，实行“双随机、一公开”，随机抽取检查人员和检查对象、及时公开查处结果，提高了监管效能和公正性。
    “双随机、一公开”即在监管过程中随机抽取检查对象，随机选派执法检查人员，抽查情况及查处结果及时向社会公开。oversight through
inspections by randomly selected inspectors of randomly selected entities and
the public release of inspection
results。最后提高了监管效能和公正性说的是采取“双随机、一公开”这一措施后取得的成果。所以开篇说these efforts have
made，后面注意不要中式英语翻译为improve the effectiveness and impartiality of regulation.
    We have developed new and better ways of conducting compliance oversight,
and introduced a new model of oversight combining randomly selected inspectors
who inspect randomly selected entities and the prompt release of results. These
efforts have made regulation more effective and impartial.
    9. 推行“互联网+政务服务”，实施一 站式服务等举措。营商环境持续改善，市场活力明显增强，群众办事更加便利。
    这句话里有几个表达需要大家积累下来：推行roll out, 一 站式服务one-stop service model，市场活力明显增强the
market is more energized，群众办事更加便利people can access government services more
easily
    We have rolled out the Internet Plus Government Services model and adopted
measures such as the one-stop service model. Thanks to the above reforms, the
business environment has consistently improved, the market is more energized,
and people can access government services more easily.