真题实例解读2016考研英语完型填空考察点

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型填空在考研英语复习中的位置其实是一个比较尴尬的角色，因为大部分考生会把主要精力放在阅读和作文的攻克上，相比这两大部分而言，完型填空的分值确实相对较少，但并不等于可以就此放过。在2016考研的战场上，一分可能就是成功与失败的距离。今天我们就通过真题来看看，完型填空的那个“空”到底想考查什么。
    【相关真题】
    As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory
and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we
put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an
old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as
"senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can
potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5
.
    Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly
showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain
needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can
significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of
making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in
making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these
connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that
intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.
    Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first
"brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain
their mental 14 .
    The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and
attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed
feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies
and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much
like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your
muscle use.
    1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why
    2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses
    3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While
    4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure
    5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook
    6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures
    7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations
    8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion
    9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process
    10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature
    11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However
    12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of
    13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around
    14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility
    15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows
    16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace
    17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on
    18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually
    19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take
    20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar
    　　一、考查逻辑关系
    第1题，答案A
    【解析】空白处的词语作“We suddenly can't remember”的宾语，同时在宾语从句“we put the keys just a
moment ago”中作状语。需要注意的是：put
sth.后常跟介词短语、形容词或副词作状语，不接状语时其意义不完整。四个选项中，A项where指代地点，放在空白处与文意相符，所以是正确选项。B项when指代时间，与从句中的a
moment
ago冲突，可以排除。C项that虽然可以引导宾语从句，但无实意，在从句中不起作用，放在空白处从句的意义不完整，可以排除。D项why引导原因，虽然也可用于引导宾语从句，但与that一样，用在空白处从句的意义不完整，所以可以排除。
    二、考查词义辨析
    第2题，答案B
    【解析】A项improves表示“改善，增进，提高”;B项fades表示“褪色，衰老”;C项recovers表示“恢复，重新获得”;D项collapses表示“崩塌，晕倒，瘫倒”。由上文可知，记忆力和思维能力退化不可能是大脑功能改善或者恢复的结果，所以A项和C项可以排除。而D项collapses表示大脑功能彻底崩溃，描述过于严重，与文意不符，所以可以排除。只有B项fades表示衰老，与文章中提到的“步入中年”这一情况相吻合，指的是大脑功能的退化导致的记忆力和思维能力减弱。因此，正确答案是B项。
    　　三、考查上下文语义连贯
    第7题，答案C
    【解析】根据上文，我们已知，大脑需要像肌肉一样得到足够的锻炼，空白出现的分句由and引导，表明这句话与前面的分句是并列关系，应该是对上文的进一步说明，主题应该还是围绕“锻炼(exercises)”。A项responses表示“反应，响应”;B项roundabouts表示“迂回路线”;C项workouts表示“锻炼，练习，实验”;D项associations表示“关联，社团”。四个选项中最符合文章意思的是C项，意思是“恰当的精神训练可以在很大程度上提高我们基本的认识功能”。
    　　四、考查短语
    第12题，答案B
    【解析】由第二自然段的第一句话可知，本自然段强调的是大脑训练对提高基本认知功能的重要性，即虽然我们在大脑中建立联系的能力天生有差异，但实际上通过大脑训练我们可以改变智力的状态，这是因为“这些联系是通过努力和练习建立的(because
these connections are made through effort and
practice)”。由此不难看出，科学家们相信智力可以提高或者变化实际上是基于努力的程度(mental
effort)，所以正确答案应该选B项according to“根据”。A项instead of表示“而不是”;C项apart
from表示“除了……之外”;D项regardless of表示“不顾”。
    五、考查词语搭配
    第17题，答案D
    【解析】本题考查名词与介词的搭配。根据文意，大脑训练程序提供关于参与者的表现和进步的详细反馈。四个选项中常与feedback搭配的是D项on，因此正确答案是D项。
    其实完型填空虽然一篇文章有20道题之多，但其实考查的内容也无非就是那几个，考生只要掌握了规律，解答起来就会很容易。建议大家结合真题进行复习，把历年考查同一知识点的题都汇总一下，在理解的基础上增加阅读和解题能力。要想在考研中取得高分，新东方在线提醒大家要掌握一定的解题技巧。同时，解题技巧不仅仅要参考上述的总结外，大家还要自己的善于总结，只有自己总结的才是符合自己的。