2016考研英语阅读每日精选：自我吹嘘往往事与愿违

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    自我吹嘘往往事与愿违
    Bragging1 to coworkers about a recent promotion2, or posting a photo of
your brand new car on Facebook, may seem like harmless ways to share good news.
However, a new study from City University London, Carnegie Mellon University and
Bocconi University shows that self-promotion or a "humblebrag" often
backfires.
    Published in Psychological Science, Irene Scopelliti, George Loewenstein
and Joachim Vosgerau wanted to find out why so many people frequently get the
trade-off between self-promotion andmodesty3 wrong. They found that
self-promoters overestimate4 how much their self-promotion elicits5 positive
emotions and underestimate how much it elicits negative emotions. As a
consequence, when people try to increase the favorability of the opinion others
have of them, they excessively self-promote, which has the opposite of the
intended effect.
    "Most people probably realize that they experience emotions other than pure
joy when they are on the receiving end of someone else's self-promotion. Yet,
when we engage in self-promotion ourselves, we tend to overestimate others'
positive reactions and underestimate their negative ones," said Scopelliti, the
study's lead author and a lecturer in marketing6 at City University London who
conducted the research while a postdoctoral fellow at Carnegie Mellon.
    "These results are particularly important in the Internet age, when
opportunities for self-promotion have proliferated7 via social networking. The
effects may be exacerbated8 by the additional distance between people sharing
information and their recipient9, which can both reduce the empathy of the
self-promoter and decrease the sharing of pleasure by the recipient," she
said.
    For the study, the researchers ran two experiments to find evidence of the
misperception.. A third experiment examined the consequences of the
miscalibration, revealing that recipients10 of excessive self-promotion view
self-promoters as less likeable and as braggarts.
    "This shows how often, when we are trying to make a good impression, it
backfires," said Loewenstein, the Herbert A. Simon University Professor of
Economics and Psychology11 in CMU's Dietrich College of Humanities and Social
Sciences. "Bragging is probably just the tip of the iceberg12 of the
self-destructive things we do in the service of self-promotion, from unfortunate
flourishes in public speeches to inept13 efforts to 'dress for success' to
obviously insincere attempts to ingratiate ourselves to those in power."