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考研英语基础阶段的主要任务是攻克词汇和语法长难句。但是背单词是各位考生最为头疼的事情。与此同时，长难句由于缺乏语境也很难理解。在这个阶段，各位学子可以认真研读1994-2003年的真题，从真题中汲取营养，攻克词汇和语法长难句。7月份之前，如果各位考生能够将10年47篇文章做到精读，相信大家的词汇和语法长难句一定会有大的突破，并且为强化阶段的学习奠定坚实的基础。
2016考研英语阅读真题精选：1995年Text2
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a
process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or
product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a
promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new
language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show
for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to
determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or
landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the
attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter
new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never
really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to
try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to
take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may
“fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential
to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so,
then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences.
Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to
hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is
safe. Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough
to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or
not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and
necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these
internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to
grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.
5. A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when
_______.
[A] he has given up his smoking habit
[B] he has made great efforts in his work
[C] he is keen on learning anything new
[D] he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
6. In the author’s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would
_______.
[A] succeed in climbing up the social ladder
[B] judge his ability to grow from his own achievements
[C] face difficulties and take up challenges
[D] aim high and reach his goal each time
7. When the author says “a new way of being” (Para. 3) he is referring to
_______.
[A] a new approach to experiencing the world
[B] a new way of taking risks
[C] a new method of perceiving ourselves
[D] a new system of adaptation to change
8. For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following except
_______.
[A] curiosity about more chances
[B] promptness in self-adaptation
[C] open-mindedness to new experiences
[D] avoidance of internal fears and doubts
一、快速浏览选项，把握文章主题
根据题干中3次出现的“personal growth”,可知本文的主题一定与个人成长有紧密关联。
二、精读各段落，攻克词汇和语法长难句
词汇精解
(1)measurable (a.)可测量的;measure (n.) 尺寸、大小;[常用 pl.]措施，方法;(v.)测量，衡量
(2)contrast (n.)对照，差异;by~与之相反，in ~ with/to与……成反比;(v.)使与……对比，和……形成对照
(3)signpost (n.)路标
(4)landmark (n.)标志
(5)perceive (v.)意识到，察觉，感知，理解，领悟，~sth. as sth.把……看作
(6)indecisive (a.)优柔寡断的;decisive (a.)决定性的，决断的
(7)a shell of our own making我们自己建造的牢笼
长难句精解
①The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the
foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have
measurable results to show for their efforts.
该句破折号前是三个带有定语从句修饰的名词短语The worker…the student…the foreigner，破折号后是系表结构these
are examples，其中的代词these复指前面的三个核心名词，people后跟有一个who引导的定语从句。
译文：工人得到升迁、学生成绩提高和外国人学会了一门新的语言——这些都可以表明人们付出努力之后，取得了可测定的成绩。
②The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings
people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and
unexpected obstacles.
此句主干是The process is not…but rather…，并列连词not……but rather…意思是“不是……而是……”。如：The
old man is not a coward, but rather a man of high spirit. 本句中but
rather连接的表语成分是the attitudes and feelings people have 和their caution or
courage。as引导的是时间状语从句。
译文：成长过程不是道路本身，而是当遭遇新的情况或未预料到的坎坷时所持的态度和情感，是慎重行事还是勇往直前。
三、作答题目，理解文章含义
5.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段谈到，人们对待成长有两种基本看法：将之视为结果和将之视为过程。该段第二句明确指出前者是人们通常持有的看法，即认为成长是一种外在的结果或成果，易于衡量。可以从该段最后作者给出的一系列例子去理解什么是外在结果。此外，最后一句中的“have
measurable results to show for their
efforts”表明这种观点认为个人成长也是通过努力取得的结果。这样答案就显而易见了。只有A选项既是经过努力又是可以衡量的外在结果，故为正确答案。
B、C和D选项都属于过程中付出的努力，结果却不可测量，故都不对。
6.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。有关视成长为过程的论述主要集中在第二段。这种观点认为成长是一段旅程，而不是具体的标记。人们应该看重的是成长过程中的态度和情感而非点滴的成功标记。C选项就是一种遭遇困难时的态度，也与第二段末句
“new challenges to accept”观点一致，为正确答案。
A选项是结果，而非过程。B选项显然是从结果的角度去看待人的发展。D选项仍然是追求有“标志”的成功结果。因此都可以排除。
7.【答案】A
【解析】词义句意题。题干中的短语出自第三段第二句中的how we see ourselves as we try a new way of
being。该句之后，作者一连提出并列的三个问题，并给予了回答。三个问句及其回答分别是人由于对自身看法的不同而产生的不同处世方法：how we see
ourselves是对三个问题的概括，而a new way of
being这个关键词则应该涵盖三个回答的内容。A选项是简练、全面的概括，为正确答案。being相当于existing，意为：处世生存方式。首先排除C，它涉及的是问句的内容，B和D选项虽然都在该段被提及，但是不具有概括性，应该排除。
8.【答案】D
【解析】态度题。第三段首句提到，为了成长，人们需要乐于冒险、勇于面对未知事物、接受“失败”。接下来的一系列设问句说明了“快捷、有好奇心、抓住更多的机会、体验不熟悉的事情、对付新挑战”等的重要性，因此A、B和C选项都在文中提到。而第四段首句“这些不安全感和自我怀疑不仅是无法避免的，而且是必要的”充分表明作者对这些态度的肯定。由此可知，D选项与作者观点不一致，而且从第四段第二句作者用的两个假设也可看出他对躲避态度的否定，综上所述可以推出D选项为正确答案。
四、 翻译全文，再次巩固复习词汇和语法长难句
看待成长有两种基本态度：一种视其为结果，一种视其为过程。人们通常视个人成长为容易被识别和衡量的一种外在结果或成果。工人得到升迁、学生成绩提高和外国人学会了一门新的语言——这些都可以表明人们付出努力之后，取得了可测定的成绩。相比之下，测定个人成长的过程却要艰难得多。因为从定义来看，它是一段旅程，而不是沿途特定的路标或标志物。成长过程不是道路本身，而是当遭遇新的情况或未预料到的坎坷时所持的态度和情感，是慎重行事还是勇往直前。在这个过程中，旅行永远不会真正结束;总是有新的方法来感受世界，总会尝试新思想，接受新挑战。
为了成长，为了探索新路，人们需要乐意去冒险，去勇敢面对未知事物，去接受他们也许会一开始就“失败”的可能性。当我们尝试一种新的生存方式时，我们如何看待自己对我们的成长能力至关重要。我们认为自己快捷、有好奇心吗?如果是的话，那我们往往会抓住更多的机会，更愿意去体验不熟悉的事情。我们认为自己腼腆、优柔寡断吗?那我们的羞怯感会使我们犹豫不决、行动缓慢，不到万无一失绝不迈步。我们认为自己适应变化很慢且对付新挑战也不够机敏吗?那么我们极可能会处事较被动或者根本放弃尝试。
我们若想改变自己、有所成长，这些不安全感和自我怀疑感既无法避免也很有必要。如果我们不去面对并克服这些内心的恐惧和疑惑，如果我们过多地保护自己，那我们就一定会停止成长。我们会陷进自己营造的壳里面。 |
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发表于 2017-8-6 16:05:29