考研英语阅读篇章: 未来20年内加勒比海珊瑚礁将“消失”

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      考研英语阅读篇章：未来20年内加勒比海珊瑚礁将“消失”
    Many of the Caribbean's coral reefs could vanish in the next 20 years,
according to a report published by the International Union for the Conservation
of Nature (IUCN).
    国际自然保护联盟的一份报告显示，加勒比海很多地方的珊瑚礁将在未来20年内消失。
    Healthy coral reefs have declined by about 50% in the past 40 years
    Data from more than 35,000 surveys suggests that habitats have declined by
more than 50% since the 1970s.
    The report's authors believe that over-fishing and disease is mainly to
blame.
    They say the trend could continue if nothing is done, but with protection
the reefs could bounce back.
    Carl Gustaf Lundin, director of IUCN's Global Marine and Polar Programme,
said the findings were alarming.
    "The reefs support a number of different countries and populations," he
said.
    "Tourism is one of the biggest industries, and the health of the reef is
essential to the well-being of many of the people living there. And of course
they are immensely beautiful and wonderful places as well."
    The report, which was also authored by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring
Network, looked at data collected between 1970 and 2012 from 90 reef habitats
and is the most comprehensive assessment of corals in this region.
    The authors concluded that many reefs in the Caribbean were undergoing a
dramatic transformation - changing from colourful realms, bursting with life, to
barren habitats, covered in slimy algae.
    They said the damage had been driven by the loss of some of the reefs' key
inhabitants.
    In the 1980s, a disease, thought to have been brought in from the Panama
Canal, wiped out a large number of sea urchins(海胆). While fishing on the reefs
has also caused parrotfish to plummet.
    Both of these creatures graze on reefs, and without them, algal species
take over.
    Dr Lundin said: "We saw that reefs with no grazers ended up getting
smothered by algae. And after a period of time they see a significant or even
complete collapse of the reef area."
    He said that if no action was taken, the outlook for Caribbean corals would
be bleak.
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