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考研英语备考中，考研er们除了掌握词汇的基本含义外，还需要掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等。在此给大家分享一些常见的近义词，希望大家不要再跳入“坑”里。
▶1、compel，constrain，force，oblige都有“强迫”的意思。
▶compel v.强迫，迫使，常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事;有时也表示“别无办法，不得不做”。
eg:His illness compelled him to stay in bed. 他的病迫使他卧床休息。
▶constrain v.力劝，强迫，与compel意思相近，但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用，一般用于正式的场合。
eg:As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of
social conduct as other people. 他认为自己是艺术家，不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。
▶force v.强迫，迫使，暴力威胁的意味较浓，常用于被动语态。
eg:The thief forced her to hand over the money. 强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。
▶oblige v.(因法律、习俗等)强迫，迫使，常常用于被动。
eg:We are obliged to stop the car at a red light. 我们遇到红灯时必须停车。
▶2、comprise，compose，consist，constitute，include这一组动词都有“组成，包含”的意思。
▶comprise v.包含，包括，由……组成(整体);组成，构成。
eg:Our company's product line comprises 2，500 different items.
我们公司的生产线是由2，500个不同的组成部分构成的。
▶compose v.构成(整体)，组成;由……组成(后接of，常用于被动语态);创作(作曲、诗歌等).
eg:The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.
委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。
▶consist v.组成，构成，由……组成(后接of，常用于主动语态);(后接in)在于，存在于。
eg:The problem consists of two parts. 问题由两部分组成。
eg:The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 这计划的好处就在于简单易行。
▶constitute v.构成，组成(整体).
eg:Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.
犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。
▶include v.包括，包含，把……列入。
▶3、confinement，limitation，restraint“限制，局限”
▶Confinement n.限制，囚禁(于某地或某种境地).
eg:The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.
那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。
▶Limitation n.限制，局限;(能力的)缺点，弱点。
eg:That employee has limitations on what work he can do. 那个雇员能做的工作有限。
▶restraint n.克制，抑制;约束措施。
eg:Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and
didn't yell at her child. 即使母亲很生气，她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。
▶4、convert，invert，revert，transform都有“转变”的意思。
▶convert v.转变，变换，含有“使某人改变观点”的意思。
eg:He wants to convert to Catholicism. 他要皈依天主教。
▶invert v.使颠倒，使倒转，使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。
eg:The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.
婴儿把杯子打翻，弄洒了里面的橙汁。
▶revert v.归还，恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
eg:John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership
reverted back to John. 约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子，当他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有权重新归于约翰。
▶transform v.改变，转变，指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
▶5、credible，credulous，plausible都有“可信”的意思。
▶credible a.可信的，可靠的。
eg:That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed
classes because she was sick. 那个学生跟老师讲了实情，她没来上课是因为她病了。
▶credulous a.轻信的，易于相信的。
eg:She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car
for too much money. 她很容易轻信别人，竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。
▶plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)，常带有怀疑的意思。
eg:Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely
convinced. 虽然这个解释合理，但仍不可能使我完全相信。
▶6、decline，refuse，reject，deny都有“拒绝”的意思。
▶decline v.婉言拒绝，谢绝，相当于refuse
politely，主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求，后接名词或动词不定式，主语只能是人。
▶refuse v.是比较普通的用词，表示“拒绝”，含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。
▶reject v.抛弃，不采纳，主语可以是人或物，后接名词，不能接动词不定式。
eg:He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected
him. 他三次约她去看电影，但每一次都被拒绝。
▶deny v.否认，否定，其后可接名词，代词或that从句。
eg:The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.
被告在法庭上否认了对他的指控。
形近易混词：
▶1、certify，rectify，testify，verify
▶certify v.证明，声称是真的。
eg:He certified it was his wife's handwriting. 他证明那是他妻子的手迹。
▶rectify v.改正，纠正;整顿。
eg:He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.
他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。
▶testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作证;表明。
eg:He is the only person who can testify in this case. 他是这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。
▶verify v.(用事实)证实或核实。
eg:I verified the store's address by calling to check it.
我打电话询问，以核实商店的地址。
▶2、considerable，considerate
▶considerable a.相当大的，相当多的;值得考虑的。
eg:That family owns a considerable amount of land. 那个家族拥有大量的土地。
▶considerate a.考虑周到的，体贴的，后面常跟of结构。
eg:He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.
他总是很体谅别人，他很慈善并且富有同情心。
▶3、conserve，preserve，reserve
▶conserve v.保存，保藏，保护(强调节约).
eg:In winter， some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.
冬天，为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。
▶preserve v.保护;维持;保养;防止(食物)腐败(使不受破坏).
eg:The government preserves the rights of the individual person.
政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。
▶reserve v.保留，储备(强调为某一特殊目的);订(座位)，预定。
eg:We are reserving these seats for my parents. 我们把这些座位留给我的父母。 |
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发表于 2017-8-5 22:24:06