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在上一篇文章《新题型——给一个“在一起”的理由(指示代词篇)》中，我们重点阐述了指示代词在新题型解题中的重要作用。今天我们接着这一话题，继续谈谈代词，特别是人称代词在新题型中无人能及的分量。
说到人称代词，大家会想到第一人称代词如“我、我们”等;第二人称代词“你、你们”等;以及第三人称代词“他、他们”等。需要特别提醒的是：在新题型中，大家需要格外关注的是第三人称代词。为什么呢?这是由我们考研文章的性质所决定的。众所周知考研文章大多是专业性、学术性较强的文章，而第三人称单数“客观公正”的特点使之成为了作者所青睐的对象。既然如此，我们先来复习一下主要的第三人称代词。(详见下表)
从上表不难看出，女她的宾格和所有格形式一样，物它的主格和宾格一致;此外，it用法太过宽泛，可以作为代词指代，亦可作为形式主语、形式宾语还可以构成强调结构，甚是不好hold住，因此我们一般不太好把it作为指代做题的切入口。故而如此算来，对于解新题型尤为重要的第三人称代词就还剩9位啦。
下面我们理论联系实际，以2012年第41题为例，具体操练一下。
Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an airplane window and realize that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.
The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labor to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41) .
The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.
But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also act with caution. (42) . I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realize that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.
All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)
For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44) .
Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.
(45) .
What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.
[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.
[B] Applications like tumbler.com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.
[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.
[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading —between passive consumption and active creation — whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.
[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium — television —and television is defined by downloading.
[G] The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.
通过扫描选项，很容易发C选项里面既有“人称代词”(they)又有“指示代词+名词”(such a device)。此时的你可能早已抑制不住内心的兴奋了，确实我们应该好好把握住这两位代词。我们不妨大胆推断，如果C选项入选的话，那么空格前面一定有“they”和“such a device”的所指。然后我们还得明确“they”到底指人还是物?我们不妨审视下C选项的主干“Not only did they develop such a device”既然“they”能够研发出这样的装置，they肯定指人啦。之后的事情就好办了，我们去逐一验证，看哪个空前面的内容既出现了一群人又出现了一种机械、设备或其代名词就可以了。通过扫描41题空格前，我们看到一群人“geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries”他们即为C选项“they”的所指。接着往下读又看到了“a fabulous machine”正好是“such a device”的同义替换。完美啦，41题必须选C啦，是不是一点儿都不难呢?
综上所述，代词指代做题效果是不是杠杠的呢?所以同学们一定要对新题型充满信心，多多操练，必争高分!
(跨考教育英语教研室 刘兴欢)
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发表于 2017-5-30 09:37:23