2005年考研英语阅读真题(MP3+字幕)

考研网

6b951b7e0a574f56aff97c5026618ab224.jpg

        http://f1.w.hjfile.cn/doc/201507/200501110752979.mp3
        text 1
        Everybody loves a fat pay rise.
        人人都喜欢大幅加薪，
        Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.
        但是当你知道同事的涨薪比自己多时，那么加薪的喜悦感就消失得无影无踪了。
        Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.
        如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。
        Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human, ” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
        这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。
        But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
        但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的 Sarah Brosnan 和 Frans de Waal 进行的一项研究表明，它也是“猴之常情”。这项研究成果刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。
        The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.
        研究者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。
        They look cute.
        它们看起来很可爱，
        They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily.
        性格温顺，合作，乐于分享食物。
        Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
        最重要的 是，就象女人们一样，它们往往比雄性更关注“商品和服务”价值。
        Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study.
        这些特性使它们成为 Brosnan 和 de Waal 博士的理想研究对象。
        The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.
        研究者们花了两年的时间教这些猴子用代币换取食物。
        Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.
        正常情况下，猴子很愿意用几块石头换几片黄瓜。
        However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,
        但是，当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，
        so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,
        能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，
        their behaviour became markedly different.
        猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。
        In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).
        在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜受欢迎得多）。
        So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,
        所以当一只猴子用一个代币换回一颗葡萄时，
        the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.
        第二只猴 子就不愿意用自己的代币换回一片黄瓜。
        And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,
        如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，
        the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.
        那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。
        Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
        事实上，只要在另一房间里出现了葡萄（不管有没有 猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。
        The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.
        研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴也受社会情感的影响。
        In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species.
        在野外，它们是相互合作的群居动物。
        Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.
        只有当每只 猴子感到自己没有受到欺骗时，这种合作才可能稳定。
        Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.
        不公平而引起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。
        Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.
        拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其它成员。
        However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,
        但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，
        or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
        还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。

kyone

        http://f1.w.hjfile.cn/doc/201507/200502110782869.mp3
        text 2
        Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure?
        还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论吗？
        That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain?
        还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？
        That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?
        还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？
        Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
        许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。
        There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.
        现在出现了与吸烟类似的令人感到难过的事情。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。
        The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
        最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。
        The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.
        明确的信息表明是我们应该立刻着手保护自己。
        The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report: “Science never has all the answers.
        国家科学院院长 Bruce Alberts 在专家团报告的前言中加上了这一重要观点：“科学解答不了所有问题。
        But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,
        但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，
        and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. ”
        关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好判断，我们应该以此为依据。
        Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.
        就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。
        This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late.
        这是一个危险的游戏：到了有百分之百的证据的时候，可能就太晚了。
        With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
        随着风险越来越明显，并且不断增加，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。
        Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention.
        幸运的是，白宫开始关注这件事了。
        But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously.
        但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。
        Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis. ”
        他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究――这是一个经典的“分析导致麻痹案例”。
        To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.
        为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极推进对于大气和海洋的深入研究。
        But research alone is inadequate.
        但只有研究是不够的。
        If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.
        如果政府不争取立法上的主动权，国会就应该帮助政府开始采取保护措施。
        A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start.
        弗吉尼亚的民主党议员 Robert Byrd 提出一项议案，从经济上激励私企，就是一个良好的开端。
        Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.
        许多人看到这个国家正准备修建许多新的发电厂，以满足我们的能源需求。
        If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
        如果我们准备保护大气，关键要让这些新发电厂对环境无害。

kythree

        http://f1.w.hjfile.cn/doc/201507/2005031107851.mp3
        Text 3
        Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.
        在所有高质量睡眠的因素中，梦似乎是最无法控制的一个。
        In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.
        在梦中，我们通向这样一个世界。在这里逻辑暂时失去了效用，死人开口说话。
        A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears;
        一个世纪前，弗洛伊德阐述了革命性的理论，即梦是人们潜意识中欲望和恐惧经伪装后的预示；
        by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.
        到了20世纪 70 年代末期，神经病学家们转而认为梦是“精神噪音”，即睡眠时进行的神经修复活动的一种杂乱的副产品。
        Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line. ”
        目前，研究人员猜想梦是大脑情感自动调节系统的组成部分，当大脑处于“掉线”状态时对情绪进行规整。
        And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better,
        一名主要的权威人士说，梦这种异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭，事实上还可以有意识地加以控制，以帮助我们更好地睡眠和感觉。
        “It's your dream, ” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center.
        芝加哥医疗中心心里学系主任 Rosalind Cartwright 说“梦是你自己的，
        “If you don't like it, change it. ”
        如果你不喜欢，就改变它。”
        Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.
        大脑造影的证据支持了以上观点。
        The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.
        匹兹堡大学的埃里克博士说，在出现清晰梦境的快速动眼睡眠中大脑和完全清醒时一样活跃。
        But not all parts of the brain are equally involved;
        但并非大脑的所有部分都一样，
        the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active,
        脑边缘系统（“情绪大脑”）异常活跃，
        while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet.
        而前额皮层（思维和推理的中心 地带）则相对平静大。
        “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day. ” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
        斯坦福睡眠研究员 William Dement 博士说：“我们从梦中醒来，或者高兴或者沮丧，这些情绪会伴随我们一整天。”
        The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic.
        梦和情绪之间的联系在 Cartwright 的诊所的病人身上显露出来了。
        Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.
        多数人似乎在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦，而在快睡醒前会逐渐做开心一些的梦，这说明人们在梦里渐渐克服了白天的不良情绪。
        Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.
        因为清醒时我们的头脑被日常琐事占据着，所以并不总是想到白天发生的事情对我们情绪的影响，直到我们开始做梦，这种影响才出现。
        And this process need not be left to the unconscious.
        这一过程不一定是无意识的。
        Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.
        Cartwright 认为人们可以练习有意识地控制噩梦的重演。
        As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.
        你一醒来就立刻确定梦中有什么在困扰你，
        Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course.
        设想一下你所希望的梦的结局，下次再做同样的梦时，试图醒来以控制它的进程。
        With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
        通过多次练习， 人们完全可以学会在梦中这样做。
        At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic, ” Cartwright says.
        Cartwright说，说到底，只要梦不使我们无法睡眠或“从梦中惊醒”，就没有理由太在意所做的梦。
        Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxieties.
        恐怖主义、经济 不确定及通常的不安全感都增加了人们的焦虑。
        Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.
        那些长期受到噩梦折磨的人应该寻求专家帮助，
        For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.
        而对其他人来说，大脑有自动消除不良情绪的方法。
        Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
        安心睡觉甚至做梦，早上醒来时你会感觉好多了。

kyfour

        http://f1.w.hjfile.cn/doc/201507/200504110792494.mp3
        Text 4
        Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift.
        美国人已不再期待公众人物在演讲或写作中能运用技巧和文采来驾驭英语.
        Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.
        而公众人物自己也不渴望这样。
        In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
        语言学家麦荷特喜好争论，他的观点混杂着自由派与保守派的看法。在他最近的书《做我们自己的事：语言和音乐的退化，以及为什么我们应该喜欢或在意？》中，认为60年代反文化运动的胜利要对正式英语的退化负责。
        Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education.
        责备放纵的六十年代不是什么新鲜事，但这次算不上是对教育衰落的又一场批判。
        Mr. McWhorter's academic speciality is language history and change,
        麦荷特先生的学术专长在于语 言史和语言演变。
        and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom, ” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.
        举例来说，他认为“whom”一词的逐渐消失是自然的，并不比古英语中词格尾缀的消失更让人惋惜。
        But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing, ” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music.
        然而，“做自己的事”这一对事务真实性和个人性的崇高信条，已经导致了正式演讲、写作、诗歌及音乐的消亡。
        While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s,
        在 20 世纪 60 年代以前，仅受过一般教育的人在下笔时都会寻求一种更高雅的强调；
        even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.
        而那之后，即使是最受关注的文章也开始出现口语话的用语。
        Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness.
        同样的，对于诗歌来说，非常个性化和富有表现力的创作风格成为了能够表达真实生动含义的唯一形式。
        In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
        无论作为口语还是书面语的英语，随意言谈胜过雅致的言辞，自我发挥也压过了精心准备。
        Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable.
        麦荷特显示先生从上层和下层文化中列举了一系列有趣的例子，从而说明他记录的这种趋势是确凿无误的。
        But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care.
        但就书中副标题中的疑问：为什么我们应该、喜欢或在意，答案却不够明确。
        As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive --
        作为语言学家，麦荷特认为各种各样的人类语言，包括像黑人语言这样的非标准语言，都具有强大的表达力――
        there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.
        世上所有的语言和方言都能传达复杂的思想。
        He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.
        不像其他大多数人，麦荷特先生并不认为我们说话方式不再规范就会使我们不能够准确的思考。
        Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads,
        俄罗斯人深爱自己的语言，并在脑海中存储了大量诗歌；
        while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.
        而意大利的政客们往往精心准备演讲，即使这在大多数讲英语的人们眼里已经过时。
        Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms --
        麦荷特先生认为正式语言并非不可或缺，也没有提出要进行彻底的教育改革――
        he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.
        他其实只是为那些美好事务而不是实用品的消逝而哀叹。
        We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china. ”
        我们现在用“纸盘子”而非“瓷盘子”装着我们的英语大餐。
        A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
        真是惭愧啊， 但很可能已无法避免。

kyfive

        http://f1.w.hjfile.cn/doc/201507/200505110732882.mp3
        text  5
        It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.
        谈论大众媒体在欧洲历史具有压倒性地重要意义的阶段中所起的作用，并不是件容易的事。
        History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.
        历史和新闻混为一谈，人们的印象往往夹杂着怀疑主义和乐观主义。
        Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed --
        电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一--
        and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.
        在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，前所未有。
        The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities.
        如今组成欧洲的无外乎它的人民，文化和国家身份。
        With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene.
        明白了这一点，我们可以开始分析欧洲的电视情况。
        In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.
        欧洲和其它地方一样，传媒集团越来越成功：这些集团将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。
        One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.
        意大利的Berlusconi集团就是一个例子，同时还有国外的马克斯韦尔和默多克。
        Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.
        显然，只有最大且最灵活的电视公司才有能力完全投入激烈的市场竞争。
        This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
        这一点就足以证明，要在电视行业里生存下来并非易事。统计数字尤其说明了这一事实，在80个欧洲电视网中，多达一半在1989年亏损。
        Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
        此外，欧洲团体的一体化将迫使电视公司在生产和销售领域更加紧密地合作。
        Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.
        不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体，创造出一种尊重这些文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性的选择，在欧洲制造出适合欧洲的节目。
        This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
        而这需要减小我们对北美市场的依赖程度，它们的电视节目的有关经历和文化传统，是和我们不同的。
        In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training.
        为了完成这些目标，我们必须更加关注合作的作品，新闻交流，纪录片服务和培训。
        This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs.
        这同样要求欧洲国家之间达成协议，在欧洲投资银行模式的基础上，成立一个处理生产开销的欧洲银行。
        In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”
        在应对如此规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张地说，“联合，我们就生存；分裂，我们就灭亡”。如果我不得不选择一个口号，那将会是“多样性中的联合”。
        A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.
        目标统一却注重每个国家不同的特性。