考研论坛

 找回密码
 立即注册
查看: 223|回复: 3

2009考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解(7)

[复制链接]

33万

主题

33万

帖子

100万

积分

论坛元老

Rank: 8Rank: 8

积分
1007237
发表于 2016-8-15 21:48:51 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
取自

p179511.jpg

p179511.jpg

  
Text 3
During the past generation, the American middle class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
订阅收藏《2009考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解》系列文章
In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of theirs new two paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "addedworker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise stay at home partner.
During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent-and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance-have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
From the middle class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
31. Today's double income families are at greater financial risk in that
[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
32. As a result of President Bush's reform, retired people may have
[A] a higher sense of security.
[B] less secured payments.
[C] less chance to invest.
[D] a guaranteed future.
33. According to the author, health savings plans will
[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.
[B] popularize among the middle class.
[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.
[D] increase the families' investment risk.
34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.
[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.
[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.
[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.
35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?
[A] The Middle Class on the Alert
[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff
[C] The Middle Class in Conflict
[D] The Middle Class in Ruins
回复

使用道具 举报

0

主题

7800

帖子

1万

积分

论坛元老

Rank: 8Rank: 8

积分
16366
发表于 2016-8-15 23:14:32 | 显示全部楼层
核心词汇:
attendant n.陪从;出席人;服务员a.出席的;伴随的(attend+ant人)
budget n.预算v.做预算
campaign n.战役;运动(camp田野+aign名词后缀→营地→战役)
diagnosis n.诊断(dia 通过+gnos+is→通过身体知道→诊断)
disability n.无能为力;无能力; 限制,不利条件(dis不,无+ability 能力→无能)
disruption n.分裂;瓦解(disrupt+ion名词后缀)
dose n.剂量,一服,一剂v.(给......)服药
financially ad.财务上(financ+ial+ly副词后缀)
fluctuation n.波动;踌躇(fluctu+ation名词后缀)
harsh a.粗糙的;(声音)刺耳的;苛刻的,严酷的
legislate v.立法(legis+late放→放出法律→立法)
odds n.不平等,差异;机会
outlive v.活得比......长(out+live活→超过别人活着)
parachute n.降落伞v.跳伞
perspective n.透视画法,透视图;远景,前途;观点,看法(per全部+spect+ive名词后缀→全部看到→透视,看法)
retire v.退休,引退;退却,撤退;就寝(re回+tir+e→拉回去→退休)
secure a.安全的;紧闭的, 牢牢被固定的;可靠的;可依赖的;确信的;一定的v.保护;确保;获得......财产;取得;抓获,监禁;造成;影响(sc分开+cure关心→不关心,不担忧→安全的)
setback n.挫折;失效;复发;倒退(set+back)
solid a.固体的,保持形状的,密实的 ;实心的,无孔的,无空隙的;单一物质的,纯的 ; 牢靠的,有信誉的,可靠的 (solid-坚固的); solidly ad.稳固地
spouse n.配偶(指夫或妻)(spous=spons许诺+e名词后缀)
stripe n.长条,条纹;军服上表示军阶的臂章条纹
wholesale n.批发;趸售(whole所有的→大批的+sale卖)
难句剖析:
难句1
As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.
[分析]此句主干是"...they have lost the parachute...",定语从句they once had in times of financial setback作先行词parachute的定语;破折号之后的部分a backup earner (usually Mom) 作前面parachute的同位语,说明其具体内容。
[译文]因此,他们失去了曾经拥有的在经济萧条时期的缓解举措--一个后备挣钱者(通常是妈妈),如果家庭的主要挣钱者失业了或者病倒了,她可以出去工作。
难句2
Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.
[分析]此句主干是"Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families...", 句中who引导的定语从句修饰先行词families,其中定语从句的谓语动作worry about带有三个宾语:interest rates、stock market fluctuation与the harsh reality,而句末that引导的同位语从句作reality的同位语。
[译文]钢铁厂的工人、航空公司的职员以及如今的汽车行业的员工都与数百万家庭一样,必须为利率、股市波动以及退休金不够用这样的残酷现实而担惊受怕。
难句3
Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent-and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance-have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
[分析]此句一个复合句,主句在前:Even demographics are working against the middle class family,表示原因的从句在后:as the odds of having a weak elderly parent...have jumped eightfold in just one gcneration ,破折号之间的部分补充说明前面 a weak elderly parent 的特点。
[译文]甚至人口结构也对中产阶层家庭不利,因为有一个体弱、年迈的父(母)亲--以及为护理他们由此而产生的所有物资和经济援助--的可能性就在十几年内增长了八倍。
难句4
From the middle class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.
[分析]此句主干是"...much of this...looks far less like an opportunity...and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration...",句中opportunity带有不定式to exercise more financial responsibility作定语,acceleration带有介词结构of the wholesale shift of ...onto...(将......全盘转嫁给......)作定语。句子开始的介词结构From the middleclass family perspective与插入语understandably作状语。
[译文]不难理解,从中产阶层家庭的角度来看,所有这些,看上去根本不像要为他们提供承担更多经济责任的机会,而是像一种将经济风险加速大规模转向那些已经负担过重的家庭的过程。
回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

0

主题

7854

帖子

1万

积分

论坛元老

Rank: 8Rank: 8

积分
16480
发表于 2016-8-16 00:10:12 | 显示全部楼层
文章类型:时文--社会科学--经济学
本文重点论述美国经济政策变化给中产阶级家庭带来的经济威胁,并指出经济问题可能会带来政治后果。
试题解析:
31. 如今的双收入家庭面临更大的经济风险,因为
[A]它们已经享有的安全网消失了。
[B]它们被解雇的可能性大大增加了。
[C]它们更容易受到家庭经济状况变化的影响。
[D]它们被剥夺了失业保险或残疾保险。
细节事实题【正确答案】【C】
定位在文章第二段,此段首先提到了家庭经济状况的变化问题,如今的家庭做预算时,根据其新的双收入限度安排开支。因此,他们失去了曾经拥有的在经济萧条时期的缓解举措--一个后备挣钱者(通常是妈妈),如果家庭的主要挣钱者失业了或者病倒了,她可以出去工作。但现在不可能这样了。这说明,原因是家庭经济状况的变化更容易影响它们。因此选择[C]项。
32. 由于布什总统进行改革的缘故,退休人员可能有
[A]更高的安全感。
[B]更少的可靠报酬。
[C]更少的投资机会。
[D]可靠的前途。
细节事实题【正确答案】【B】
定位在第三段,此段提到,家庭被要求在其退休收入中承担更多风险,随后指出,在去年的大多数时间里,布什总统一直致力于将社会保险体制转变成一种储蓄存款账户模式--要求退休人员将其大多数或全部有保障的收入变成必须依靠投资收益的收入。对于略为年轻的家庭来说,情况也好不到哪去。医疗的绝对费用和家庭必须承担的份额都在上升。这说明,退休人员的可靠收入可能更少。因此[B]为正确选项。
33. 根据作者的观点,健康储蓄计划将
[A]有助于降低卫生保健成本。
[B]在中产阶层中普及。
[C]补偿减少的退休金。
[D]增加家庭的投资风险。
细节事实题【正确答案】【D】
本题考查考生对文章第三段内容的理解。题干中的信号词是"healthsavings plans",出自文章第三段第五句话中。文章第三段提到健康储蓄计划时指出,最近实施的健康储蓄计划正在从立法机关向各个阶层逐步推行,一直扩展到沃尔玛的员工。这些计划大大提高了家庭未来医疗保健费的扣除额,并且给家庭的这些费用带来许多新投资风险。这说明,健康储蓄计划可能增加家庭的许多新投资风险。因此选择[D]项。
34. 根据最后一段,可以推知,
[A]经济风险往往大于政治风险。
[B]中产阶层可能面临更大的政治挑战。
[C]经济问题可能引发政治问题。
[D]支付能力是政治地位的指标。
推理题【正确答案】【C】
文章最后一段指出,这一经济上的附带效应已经开始显现,其对政治的影响也快显露出来了。由此可知,经济问题可能导致政治问题的出现。因此[C]为正确选项。
35. 下面哪项是本文的最佳标题?
[A]处于警戒状态的中产阶层。
[B]陷入困境的中产阶层。
[C]陷入冲突的中产阶层。
[D]陷入毁灭的中产阶层。
中心主旨题【正确答案】【B】
本题考查考生对全文内容的理解。文章第一段指出,中产阶层家庭被经济风险和新现实改变了,如今,一个家庭可能在几个月之内从稳定的中产阶层家庭降格成一个新贫困家庭,随后的段落介绍了造成这种现状的原因。这说明,本文主要是介绍中产阶层面临穷困问题的现象。因此选择[B]项。
回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

0

主题

7604

帖子

1万

积分

论坛元老

Rank: 8Rank: 8

积分
15982
发表于 2016-8-16 01:02:19 | 显示全部楼层
全文精译:
在过去的一代人中间,美国那些曾经可以依靠辛勤劳动和公平竞争维持其收入稳定的中产阶层家庭被经济风险和新的现实改变了。如今,一份解雇通知书,一个不利的诊断结果或者一个配偶去世都可能在几个月之内将一个家庭从稳定的中产阶层家庭沦为一个新的贫困家庭。
第一段:指出美国日前中产阶级家庭情况已因经济风险和新的现实而有所改变。
就在十几年内,数百万母亲出去工作,改变了基本的家庭经济状况。学者、政策制定者以及各类批评家对这些变化的社会意义争论不休,但是,很少有人关注这些变化的副作用--家庭的风险也上升了。如今的家庭做预算时,根据其新的双收入限度安排开支。因此,他们失去了曾经拥有的在经济萧条时期的缓解举措--一个后备挣钱者(通常是妈妈),如果家庭的主要挣钱者失业了或者病倒了,她可以出去工作。这种"额外劳动者效应"可以维护失业保险或残疾保险提供的安全网,以便帮助家庭渡过难关。但现在,家庭财产的损失再也不可能通过呆在家里的配偶的额外收入弥补了。
第二段:阐明双收入家庭有更高的金融风险,因其更容易受到家庭经济波动的伤害。
在同一时期,家庭被要求在其退休收入中吸纳更多风险。钢铁厂的工人、航空公司的职员以及如今的汽车行业的员工都与数百万家庭一样,必须为利率、股市波动以及退休金不够用这样的残酷现实而担惊受怕。在去年的大多数时间里,布什总统一直致力于将社会保险体制转变成一种储蓄存款账户模式--要求退休人员将其大多数或全部有保障的收入变成必须依靠投资收益的收入。对于略为年轻的家庭来说,情况也好不到哪儿去。医疗的绝对费用和家庭必须承担的份额都在上升。最近实施的健康储蓄计划正在从立法机关向各个阶层逐步推行,一直扩展到沃尔玛的员工。这些计划大大提高了家庭未来医疗保健费的扣除额,并且给家庭的这些费用带来许多新投资风险。甚至人口结构也对中产阶层家庭不利,因为有一个体弱、年迈的父(母)亲--以及为护理他们由此而产生的所有物资和经济援助--的可能性就在十几年内增长了八倍。
第三段:通过对社会保险转变到储蓄账户模式的探讨和论述,说明了保健储蓄计划将增加家庭的投资风险。
不难理解,从中产阶层家庭的角度来看,所有这些,看上去根本不像要为他们提供承担更多经济责任的机会,而是像一种将经济风险加速大规模转向那些已经负担过重的家庭的过程。这一经济上的附带效应已经开始显现,其对政治的影响也快显露出来了。
第四段:总结全文,点明了美国中产阶级家庭目前所处的危险处境,并且暗示经济问题可能带来政治问题。
回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|新都网

GMT+8, 2025-9-25 21:34 , Processed in 0.055470 second(s), 10 queries , WinCache On.

Powered by Discuz! X3.4

© 2001-2017 Comsenz Inc.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表