考研英语中最让人头疼，又是提分最快的莫过于写作了，因此，掌握一定的写作方法能够起到事半功倍的效果。下面是作文主题句的剖析。希望对考生有所帮助 1.段落的作用
首先，好的段落要求每段只能有一个主题，围绕一个中心思想展开。与中心不同的观点或无关的内容都应删去。其次，结构连贯：适当地运用过渡词指明文章内部的逻辑关系。
Example 1
Reforming and opening up have helped the villagers to live a comfortable life. (主题句) Before 1983 the village practiced a collective ownership system，whereby the villagers picked and baked tea leaves together.Life was hard and their income meager，so they had no incentive to work hard."We got rich after the fields were parceled out to households in 1983，" says Sun Jinrong.Since then，the villagers have tilled their own plots.Having learned to follow the laws of the market economy and competition，their living standards have greatly improved.
段首提出中心论点：改革开放使茶农过上了好日子。后按时间顺序，先描写1983年以前吃大锅饭的情形，又说改革开放后生活水平的提高。前后形成对比，充分说明论点。
Example 2
I hold the view that children can play computer games in their spare time，and the reasons are explored as follows. First， computer games should be played moderately，with the control of parents. It can help children to relax and improve their efficiency in their studies. Second，playing computer games moderately can offer children chances to develop their creativity，which is essential for their success in study. Third， playing computer games can broaden children's knowledge. It is well-known that a machine will break down if it keeps running without a stop. Similarly， if a child keeps studying without relaxation，he will be tired out. And if a child spends all this time studying，he will become a dull boy in the ivory tower.
本段开头点出中心，然后用过渡词指出三个原因。最后加以总结。文章结构一目了然。 2.关于段落的写作方法
(1)定义法
当考生提出的概念或观点很抽象，涉及面广时，考生需要对概念进行解释，限定内容，从而缩小讨论的焦点。如：
Ambition is like choler (胆汁)，which is a humour，that makes men active，earnest，full of alacrity，and stirring，if it be not stopped. But if it be stopped，and cannot have its way，it becomes angry，and malign. So ambitious men，if they find the way open for their rising，and still get forward，they're rather busy than dangerous; but if they be checked in their desires，they become secretly discontent，and look upon men and matters，with an evil eye.
本文是对抱负/雄心的分析。而这个题目本身范围太广，因此作者先给它下了个定义，确定讨论的方向：抱负/雄心在不同条件下表现出来的不同特性。这样就缩小了讨论范围，确定了讨论的方向。
当然作者也可通过从句来对事物进行定义和解释，如：
Hemophilia is called the bleeder's disease because the afflicted person's blood is unable to clot.
(2)时间、空间顺序法
以事情发展的顺序，或时间的先后安排材料。在描写、分析社会变化的文章中常用顺序进行写作，同时也可以起到新旧对比论证的作用。如：
Before a stop sign was put up， there were one hundred and twenty accidents there in a year. After a stop sign was put up，there were only forty accidents in a year. Having the stop sign there decreased the number of accidents immediately.
文章用时间上的对比来论证了竖标牌的作用。通过时间顺序安排材料，结构清晰，论证了标牌的作用。
当图画比较复杂，而且方位较强时，考生可按照空间顺序进行描述。这样，考生既可以对描写思路有所了解，又可使文章结构清晰。如：
The kitchen was in a mess. Along the left wall were the counter and sink covered with dirty dishes and garbage. On the far wall the washing machine groaned under a load of filthy clothes. Right next to the door where I was standing，on my right，I saw a table cluttered with old newspapers，an overturned catsup bottle. At the far end of the right wall the refrigerator stood with door ajar. It was the messiest kitchen I had ever seen.
(3)因果分析法
这种方法是一种分析法，在阐释观点中常用。按因果关系的不同，可以分为一因一果、一因多果、一果多因。单一的因果关系往往用来分析简单的问题。而对于文章主要论点的分析，应采用一因多果、一果多因的方法，这样可以全方位多个角度透彻地分析问题。如：
The Beijing subway is to adopt international signs.(主题句)The Chinese characters originally used for east，west，south and north are to be replaced by the letters A，B，C and D. The subway operator explained that the four Chinese characters indicating directions no longer meet the needs of passengers，given the diversity of subway stations and increases in the number of entrances and exits.(因)Therefore，universal signs used worldwide will be adopted.(果)
发表于 2016-8-9 08:17:11