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北京今年起为治霾将加大对民用小煤炉的治理，逐步实现"无煤化"，停止劣质煤燃烧对空气产生的污染继而逐步改用清洁能源。
截至2015年底，北京市“减煤换煤”190万吨，更换高效节能炉具11.9万吨。
Beijing will launch a battle against small coal stoves in family homes and businesses this year, as officials blame consumption of low-quality coal for contributing to winter smog.
Starting this year, Beijing will launch a "large-scale battle" to replace rural coal use with cleaner fuel, city officials said at a meeting on pollution control and coal management on Monday.
汽油桶、化工桶……各种自制的燃煤炉被用于烤白薯、蒸馒头、煮鸡蛋等经营活动。今天上午，在位于东城区的55中工地空场上，伴随着工人的铁锤和铲土机，198个自制燃煤炉瞬间被拍打成铁片。
Authorities will comb small factories, restaurants, bath houses and hotels in the rural areas to remove their coal-fired stoves, said Zhong Chonglei, a chief inspector with the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.
这些小煤炉燃烧不完全的气体不但对空气造成污染，而且对人体呼吸道造成很大伤害。北京市新农办村镇建设处处长郭子华说，计划到2020年，全市平原地区实现所有村庄“煤改清洁能源”。其中，2016年，完成全市400个村庄“煤改清洁能源”;2016-2017年，城乡结合部实现所有村庄“煤改清洁能源”。
The official said the campaign would also include a harsher crackdown on sales of low-quality coal that produces more pollutants.
Guo Zihua, an official in charge of the city's rural development, said coal burning will be phased out in all villages in the plain areas by 2020, but rural families that still rely on coal stoves for heating will be urged to use quality coal.
The city closed all coal stoves in central Xicheng and Dongcheng districts by the end of 2015 and plans to make all of its six districts coal-free by 2017, according to Guo.
环保部组织的专家组公开发布的去年12月7-9日“重污染”过程实时源解析结果表明，就华北区域而言，燃煤是空气“重污染”过程的头号贡献，随后是机动车、工业、扬尘。
数据显示，京津冀区域年消耗燃煤约4亿吨。其中，北京仅占1200万吨燃煤，全市优质能源占比超过80%。然而，对河北省而言，八成的能源消耗来自煤炭。
Small stoves, which consume three million to four million tonnes of coal each year in Beijing's suburban and rural areas, which are not covered by the central heating system, have been blamed for worsening the city's smoggy condition in the winter heating season.
最新的北京农村散煤排放量显示，这300万至400万吨散煤，排放的PM2.5占全市的15%，氮氧化物占全市的9.4%，而排放的二氧化硫占全市的37.4%。
Beijing has issued two "red alerts" on heavy air pollution since the start of this winter, prompting closures of schools and bans on outdoor construction, while another round of smog has been predicted to hit the city later this week.
市环保局表示，在重污染天污染物早期快速累积过程中，燃煤是主要的污染来源。另外在采暖季，燃煤也是整个京津冀区域的最大污染来源。在北京本地的PM2.5污染来源中，燃煤占比22.4%，仅次于机动车，位列第二。
The Ministry of Environmental Protection has said coal burning is the primary source of air pollution in north China during the winter heating season, followed by car exhaust, industrial emissions and construction-site dust.
专家表明今年冬季的雾霾现象也一定程度上受到了厄尔尼诺现象的影响，导致空气中的污染物难以挥发分解。
Experts said this winter's smog was also aided by a strong El Nino effect, which brought static weather patterns that made it difficult for air-borne pollutants to disperse.
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发表于 2016-8-9 08:15:05