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发表于 2016-8-9 09:19:35
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Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households, generating more split-shift couples. School-aged children, however, may benefit from parents’ nonstandard work schedules because of the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before or after school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages.
Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for diner but more time together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, based on parent, shift, and age of children. There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional providers.
Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a mandate of employer. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hours-sometimes as much as 50% higher. The convenience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend.
Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse. She emphasizes the need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health of people working nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for working these hours. “Nonstandard work schedules not only are highly prevalent among American families but also generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention,” she says.
36.Which of the following demonstrates that working at nonstandard times is taking its toll on American families?
A.Stress on familial relationships.
B.Rotating shifts.
C.Evenings,nights,or weekends.
D.Its consequences.
37.Which of the following is affected most by working irregular hours?
A.Children.
B.Marriage.
C.Single mothers.
D.Working women.
38.Who would be in favor of the practice of working nonstandard hours?
A.Children.
B.Parents.
C.Employees
D.Professional child providers.
39.It is implied that the consequences of nonstandard work schedules are .
A.emphasized
B.absent
C.neglected
D.prevalent
40.What is the author’s attitude towards working irregular hours?
A.Positive.
B.Negative.
C.Indifferent.
D.Objective.
Passage Two
Most human beings actual1y decide before they think. When any human being----executive, specialized expert, or person in the street----encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how inte1ligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themse1ves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it.
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