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发表于 2016-8-8 09:48:08
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proposal 提议 pray 恳求 recommendation 推荐
request 要求 requirement 要求 resolution 决心
suggestion 劝告,忠告
(2)虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中,其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。
例如:She often laughs spontaneously,and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常自发的大笑,而且她那良好的幽默感就像天上一道明亮的阳光一样流露出来。
They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着,就好像他们是多年的老朋友一样。
She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。
(3)由连接词in case,so that,unless,lest,for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might,would)+动词原形。
例如:She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.她在那个婴儿的身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。
二、虚拟语气的常见句型
(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气:
A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用 were)。
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would,could,might+动词原形。
C. wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。
(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
(3)would(had)rather,would as soon,would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。
例如:I’d rather you posted the letter right away.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
(4)It’s (high,about) time that句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。
例如:It’s very late.It’s time we had to go.天太晚了,我们得走了。
三、含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有:
(1)介词或介词短语,如:but for,but that,without,in case of,under,under more favourable condition等。
(2) 连词,如:so that,unless, in case,supposing,lest,provided(倘若……),for fear that(唯恐),in order that,on condition that,if only(要是……就好了)等。
(注:lest,for fear that 和 in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)
例如:The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him.这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.
在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。 |
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