西北大学2013年翻译硕士考研真题及答案

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        西北大学2013年翻译硕士考研真题及答案
        　　I. Phrase Translation
        　　1、 CCPCC: 中国共产党中央委员会(the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee)
        　　2、 RAM: 随机存取存储器(random-access memory);(随机访问)内存
        　　3、 ADB：亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank)
        　　4、 UNDP：联合国开发计划署(United Nations Development Program)
        　　5、 CCPIT：中国国际贸易促进委员会(China Council for the Promotion of International
Trade)
        　　6、 FAQ：常见问题(Frequently Asked Questions)
        　　7、 WHO：世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)
        　　8、 CCPI：中国大宗商品价格指数(China Commodity Price Index); 联合国新闻发布咨询委员会(Consultative
Committee for Public Information)
        　　9、 ISO/TC: Technical Committee of the International Organization for
Standardization 国际标准化组织技术委员会
        　　10、 UNESCO: 联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational、 Scientific and Cultural
Organization)
        　　11、 ADPC: 自动数据处理中心(automatic data processing center)
        　　12、 DEPM: 苯基丙二酸二乙酯(Diethyl phenylmalonate)
        　　13、 GSV: 导 航太空航行器(guided space vehicle); 大隐静脉(Great Saphenous Vein)
        　　14、 SALT: 限制战略武器会谈(Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
        　　15、 SNAP: 核辅助动力系统(systems for nuclear auxiliary power)
        　　16、 泰晤士报: The Times
        　　17、基督教科学箴言报: The Christian Science Monitor
        　　18、每日邮报: Daily Mail
        　　19、每日镜报: Daily Mirror
        　　20、华尔街日报: The Wall Street Journal
        　　21、国际先驱论坛报: International Herald Tribune
        　　22、同类金属: similar metals
        　　23、异体组织: homologous tissue
        　　24、抽水泵: Sump-Pump
        　　25、叠影: foldover; ghost image
        　　26、工字梁: I beam ; flanged beam
        　　27、环形圈: Annular Rings; O-ring
        　　28、丁字尺: T-square; tee-square
        　　29、八面体: octahedron; octahedrite
        　　30、人字屋顶: ridge roof; gable roof
        　　II. Passage translation
        　　Section A English to Chinese
        　　For world business, and even for small investors or depositors in banks,
all kinds of uncertainties seemed to feed on each other over the past year.
What’s happening with oil? What about debts, currencies or the stability of
countries?
        　　The year 1983 began–and ended– with an unusual oil crisis: fears that the
price of crude would go not up but down. OPEC looked as if it might split apart,
and as the crisis deepened, it showed how oil had seeped into every corner of
the world economy. Currencies moved up and down with each day’s oil news, and
bankers became aware of how much their loans to oil countries depended on
keeping up the price. When OPEC patched up its quarrels and agreed to limit
production, nobody was quite sure what was keeping up the price. What was clear
was that many countries and institutions, from Britain to Mexico, from Citibank
to Exxon, had virtually become unofficial members of OPEC, trying hard to keep
the price steady.
        　　But as the oil drama played on, it began to be eclipsed by the wider
problem of country debt. The near collapse of Mexico in mid-1982 had been
precipitated by the falling oil price, but the crisis of credit that followed
affected all Latin American countries as high interest rates and the high dollar
made their repayments still more expensive. The debt crisis spread beyond Latin
America into Asia and Africa. The balance of fear between countries and banks,
locked in a situation in which each side could ruin the other, was beginning to
seem like the commercial equivalent of the nuclear balance of terror. It also
gave a new dimension to the old North-South divide: would the South find that
their debts would force the North to take real notice of their problems?
        　　参考译文：对各国商界人士,甚至对小额投资人和银行存款户来说,过去的一年内,各种动荡不安的因素似乎不断相互推波助澜.石油的情况又如何?债务、货币或者各国的稳定情况又如何?
        　　1983年新年伊始，就存在着一种异乎寻常的石油危机：人们担心原油价格要下降，而不是要上涨。这一年结束的时候，情况依然如故。石油输出国组织看上去似乎要四分五裂，而随着危机深化，情况表明石油已经渗入世界经济的每一个角落。各国货币的比价随着每天的石油消息而涨落;银行家们则认识到，他们给予产油国的贷款是否能够得到偿还，在多大程度上取决于能否使石油价格保持不跌。在石油输出国组织平息内部的争吵，达成限制产量的协议时，谁也不十分清楚使石油价格保持不跌得究竟是什么力量。但是人们明白，许多国家和机构，从英国到墨西哥，从花旗银行到埃克森公司，实际上已经成为石油输出国组织的非正式成员，它们竭力试图保持价格稳定。
        　　但是正当石油舞台锣鼓声喧时，出现了各国债务这一影响更加广泛的问题，相形之下，开始使它黯然失色。1982年中期，石油价格下跌。使墨西哥陷于崩溃的边缘，但是其后出现的信用危机，使所有拉美国家都受到影响，因为高利率和美元高汇价使它们偿还债务时必须耗费更多的钱，债务危机越出拉丁美洲的
范围，蔓延到亚非国家。在各债务国和各大银行之间出现一种恐惧的均势，它们陷入这样一种局面，一方可以毁掉另一方。在商业领域出现的这种形势，同核武器领域所存在的恐怖均势颇有类似之处。它还给原有的南北分野增加了一个新的方面，南方是否会发现他们的债务将迫使北方认真注意他们的问题呢?
        　　Section B Chinese to English
        　　1992年3月，俄罗斯对外关系部部长阿文(P.Aven)访问中华人民共和国。在他访华期间，双方签订了在贸易关系中俄中互相给予对方最惠国待遇的经济贸易协定。双方还同意将签署更多的文件，其中包括一项相互保护投资的协定和避免双童课税的条约，俄国预期1993年以及在最近五年期间，俄中两国的贸易额将会大幅度增加。俄国经济的发展和在外贸领域所进行的改革打开了通向国外市场的大门。同时，俄中贸易伙伴除了对易货贸易，还对制造业的合作、投资和合资企业方面感兴趣。这些合资企业将生产成衣、皮革制品、家用设备,并在俄罗斯和独联体其它国家合资建造和经营餐馆、旅馆、医院、种植蔬菜等等。中国还提出在俄中边境建立经济技木合作区，建立由双方商务机构共同管理的免税仓库和其它设施的建议，俄方将对次进行审议。
        　　参考译文：P. Aven, the Russian Minister of Foreign Economic Relations, visited
China in March 1992. During his visit to China, Russia and China signed an
economic and trade agreement to grant each other the must-favored-nation status
in their trade relations. Both parties also agreed to sign some more documents,
including an agreement on mutual investment protection and a treaty avoiding
double taxation. Russia can anticipate a substantial increase of trade volume
between the two countries in 1993 and the nearest five-year period. The
development of economy and realization of the reforms in the field of foreign
trade in Russia have opened doors for many enterprises, organizations and
private businessmen to outside markets. In the meantime, the Russian and Chinese
trade partners, besides the barter trade, are interested in cooperation and
investment in manufacturing industry and in setting up joint ventures. The joint
ventures produce ready-made garments, leather manufactured articles, household
equipment, and will engage in joint construction and operating of restaurants,
hotels, hospitals and vegetables growing in Russia and other states in the CIS.
China proposes to set up economic and technical cooperative zones at the
Russian-Chinese border, and free customs warehouses and other objects to be
jointly operated by Russian and Chinese commercial organizations, the prospects
of which will be carefully considered by Russia.