1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
1. I will give this dictionary to ________ wants to have it.
whomever
someone
whoever(C)
anyone
2. After having gone ________ far, George did not want to turn back.
enough
much
such(D)
that
3. ________ all our kindness to help her, Sarah refused to listen to us.
At
For
In(B)
On
4. Richard doesn’t think he could ever ________ what is called “free-style” poetry.
take on
take over
take to(C)
take after
5. In the past men generally preferred that their wives ________ in the home.
worked
would work
work(C)
were working
6. I don’t want to lend any more money to him; he’s already in debt ________ me.
to
for
of(A)
with
7. The business of each day, ________ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
it being
be it
was it(B)
it was
8. Carey didn’t go to the party last night because she ________ the baby for her sister until 9:30.
must have looked after
would have to look after
had to look after(C)
should have looked after
9. ________, he does get irritated with her sometimes.
As he likes her much
Much though he likes her
Though much he likes her(D)
Much as he likes her
10. Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and ________ by the same federal laws.
stand
conform
abide(C)
sustain
11. The vocabulary of any technical discussion may include words which are never used outside the subject or field ________.
in view
in question
in case(B)
in effect
12. The long-awaited Hubble Space Telescope, ________ to orbit the Earth next March, will observe some of the oldest stars in the sky.
subject
owing
available(D)
due
13. ________ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
To be free
Freeing
To free(D)
Freed
14. The patient has been ________ of the safety of the operation.
assured
guaranteed
entrusted(A)
confirmed
15. Will you ________ this passage to see if there is any misprint?
look up
go over
dwell on(B)
work out
16. The patients believe that the doctor knows exactly how to put them ________.
correct
straight
right(C)
well
17. Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually ________ the way.
in
by
off(A)
on
18. If we believe something is good and true we should ________ to it.
hold up
keep on
hold on(C)
keep up
19. ________, more than 200 houses and buildings are heated by solar energy, not to mention the big cities in the region.
Alone in the small town
In the small alone town
In the alone small town(D)
In the small town alone
20. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ________ in broad daylight yesterday.
to be robbed
robbed
to have been robbed(C)
having been robbed
21. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ________ the expenses have risen.
even though
just because
now that(A)
as though
22. Although we had told them not to keep us waiting, they made no ________ to speed up deliveries.
trial
attempt
action(B)
progress
23. Water will continue to be ________ it is today -- next in importance to oxygen.
how
which
as(D)
what
24. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ________ our chairman now.
must have been
would have been
were(D)
would be
25. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which ________ increase the risk of heart disease.
in turn
in return
by chance(A)
by turns
26. The tourist is prevented from entering a country if he does not have ________ passport.
an operative
a valid
an efficient(B)
an effective
27. I like to go to the cinema when I am in the ________ for it.
motive
mind
mood(C)
notion
28. The project requires more labor than ________.
has been put in
have been put in
being put in(A)
to be put in
29. Circus tigers, although they have been tamed, can ________ attack their trainer.
unexpectedly
deliberately
reluctantly(A)
subsequently
30. There seemed little hope that the explorer, ________ in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.
to be deserted
having deserted
to have been deserted(D)
having been deserted
Section II Reading Comprehension
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)
Text 1
It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.
A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
31. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by ________.
people’s attitude towards the road-hog
the rhythm of modern life
the behavior of the driver(C)
traffic conditions
32. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that ________.
our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists
rude drivers can be met only occasionally
the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog(D)
nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists
33. By “good sense,” the writer means ________.
the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably
the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions
the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior(A)
the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations
34. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, ________.
road users should make more sacrifice
drivers should be ready to yield to each other
drivers should have more communication among themselves(B)
drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others
35. In the writer’s opinion, ________.
strict traffic regulations are badly needed
drivers should apply road politeness properly
rude drivers should be punished(B)
drivers should avoid traffic jams
Text 2
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror -- the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.
According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth’s chief food-growing zones.
In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.
Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.
However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?
One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.
Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.
36. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ________.
prevent the sun’s rays from reaching the earth’s surface
mean a warming up in the Arctic
account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere(D)
raise the temperature of the earth’s surface
37. The article was written to explain ________.
the greenhouse effect
the solar effects on the earth
the models of solar-weather interactions(D)
the causes affecting weather
38. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is ________.
mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising
possible because the ice caps in the poles are melting
exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth’s climate(D)
partly due to variations in the output of solar energy
39. On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that ________.
the climate of the world should be becoming cooler
it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect
the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects(A)
the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect
40. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, ________.
the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels
ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere
the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly(D)
the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth
Text 3
Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.
One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey (曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said: “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.
41. According to the author, recent Olympic Games have ________.
created goodwill between the nations
bred only false national pride
barely showed any international friendship(C)
led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred
42. What did the manager mean by saying, “... Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?
His team would no longer take part in international games.
Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.
There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.(B)
The Federation should be dissolved.
43. The basketball example implied that ________.
too much patriotism was displayed in the incident
the announcement to prolong the match was wrong
the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision(A)
the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals
44. The author gives the two examples in Paragraphs 2 and 3 to show ________.
how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games
that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to be
that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship(C)
that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games
45. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.
Athletes should compete as individual in the Olympic Games.
Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.(A)
International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.
Section III Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled , , , and . Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle of flying into space and returning many times. by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65, 000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry, as as a variety of military hardware. more significantly, it will materials and machines into space for industrial purposes two decades ago when “sputnik” (artificial satellite) was to the vocabulary. In short, the importance of the shuttle lies in its as an economic tool.
What makes the space shuttle is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane. , when it has accomplished its , it can be ready for trip in about two weeks.
The space shuttle, the world’s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.
46. In
On
By(D)
With
47. capable
suitable
efficient(A)
fit
48. Served
Powered
Forced(B)
Reinforced
49. far
well
much(B)
long.
50. Then
Or
But(C)
So
51. supply
introduce
deliver(C)
transfer
52. unimagined
unsettled
uncovered(A)
unsolved
53. attributed
contributed
applied(D)
added
54. general
essential
prevailing(D)
ultimate
55. promise
prosperity
popularity(A)
priority
56. exceptional
strange
unique(C)
rare
57. Thus
Whereas
Nevertheless(A)
Yet
58. venture
mission
commission(B)
responsibility
59. new
another
certain(B)
subsequent
60. for
by
in(C)
through
Section IV Error-detection and Correction
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled , , , and . Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
61. Young readers, more often than , find the novels Dickens more exciting than .( Thackery’s)
62. People cannot feel , understand how he such a stupid mistake.( puzzled)
63. Nowhere but in Europe the results , which really .( have we seen)
64. The amount of the materials are to the quality of the products.( affects)
65. I regret the work ; I everything carefully.( should have planned)
66. The problem of unemployment governments want is as serious as in these countries.( ever)
67. Many species can communicate an amount of information sound, information both the life of an individual and the existence of the species may depend.( on which)
68. It was not the many blows he received the lack of spirit that led to the game.( as)
69. Those part-time students expected some jobs campus the summer vacation.( to be offered)
70. production up steadily, the factory needs an supply raw materials.( going)
Section V English-Chinese Translation
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points)
“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct -- the meaning of the word has never been clear. (71) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to -- it was not designed for such purposes. (72) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.
The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.
(73) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it. (74) The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence.”
(75) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
Section VI Writing
DIRECTIONS:
Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILD
Time limit: 40 minutes
Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence.
Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
OUTLINE:
1. Present situation: Lack of communication between parent and child
2. Possible reasons:
1) Different likes and dislikes
2) Misunderstanding
3) Others
3. Suggestions:
1) For parents
2) For children
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