2011年全国硕士研究生考试英语一真题
SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark , , or on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Ancient Greek philosopher viewed laughter as “a bolidy eercise preicious to heath。”But 1 some claims to the contrary ,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,3heart rate and oxygen consummption ,But because hard laughter is difficult to 4,a good laugh is unlikely to have 5benefits the ,say,walking ot jogging does
6,instead of straining muscles to bulid them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7,studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter8muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help9the effects of psychological stress.Anyway, the act og laughing probably does11one classical theory of emtion, our feelings are partially rooted12physical reactions. It was argued at the end of 19th centry that humens do not cry13they are sad but they become sad when the tears begins to flow
Althiugh sadness also14tears ,evidence suggests that emotions can flow15muscular responses. In an experimemt published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wiirzburg in Germany asked volunteers to16a pen eigher with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile-or with their lips, which would produce a(n)17expression. Those forced to exercise thrie enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown,19that expression may influence emotions rather than just the other way around 20,the physical act of laughter could improve mood
1. among except despite like
2. reflect demend indicate produce
3. stabilizing boosting impairing determining
4. transmit sustain evaluate observe
5. measurable manageable affordable renewable 分页标题#e#
6. In turn In fact In addition In brief
7. opposite impossible average expected
8. hardens weakens tightens relaxes
9. aggravate generate morderate enhance
10. physical mental subcinscious intermal
11. Except for According to Due to As for
12. with on in at
13. unless until if because
14. exhausts follows precedes supresses
15. into form towards beyond
16. fecth form pick hold
17. disappointed excited joyful indifferent
18. adapted catered turned reacted
19. suggesting requiring mentioning supposing
20. Eventually Consequently Similatly Conversely
SectionⅡ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Reading the following fours texts. Answer the question below each text by Choosing ,, or . Mark your answer onANSWER SHEET1.(40points)
Text 1
分页标题#e#
The decision of the New York philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least “Hooray! A t last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic
One of the reason why the appiontment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilber is commparatively little known Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that semms likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint prwise
For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, be performs an impressive variety of interesting composition, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer amd download still more recorded music form iTumes
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recording are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes , theeater companies, and museums, but also with the recorsed performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recording are cheap, available everwhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s choosing. The widespread availabilyty of such recording has thus brought about a ctisis in the institution of the traditional classical councert
One possible reponse is for classical performers to program attravtive new music that is not yet available on recors. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross , a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Phiharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely, expanding the orchestra’s repertorre will not be enough. If Gilbert and thr Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’a olderest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract。
21.We learn from Para 1 that Gilbert’s appointment has
incured criticism
raised suspicion
raceived acclaim
around curiousity
22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is
influential
modest
respectable
talented
23. The auther believes that the devoted concertgoers
ingore the expense of live performance 分页标题#e#
reject most kinds of recorded performance
exaggerate the variety of live performanc
overestimate the variety of live performance
24.According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?
They are often interror to live concerts in quality
They are easily accessible to the genral public
They help improve the quality of music
They have only convered masterpieces
25.Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalixing the Philharmonic, the authir feels
doubtful
enthusisastic
confident
puzzled
Text 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his expanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving to presue my goal of running a company, broadcasting his ambition "was very much my decision," McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.
MaGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to refect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn't alone. In recent weeks the NO.2 executives Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations。
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEo turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders。
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Krn Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey, "I can't think of a single search I've done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first."
Those who jumped without a job haven't always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commoditied exchange. Robert Willumstad left CItigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institurion three years later。
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad on. "The traditional rule was it's safer to stay where you are, bu that's been fundamentally inverted," says one headhunter. "The people who've been hurt the worst are those who've stayed too long" 分页标题#e#
26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being( )
A. Arrogant B. frank C. self-centered D. impulsive
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