2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案
Section I Use of EnglishDirections： Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C， and D on ANSWER SHEET 1 （10 points）
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million __1__ of these nations looked __2__ to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism， many of the leaders of independence __3__ the ideas of representative government， careers __4__ to talent， freedom of commerce and trade， the __5__ to private property， and a belief in the individual as the basis of society， __6__ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states， large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a __7__ set of laws.
On the issue of __8__ of religion and the position of the church，__9__ ，there was less agreement __10__ the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one __11__ by the Spanish crown，__12__ most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism __13__ the official religion of the new states， some sought to end the __14__ of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying __15__ for the conservative forces.
The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian， valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had __16__ in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's __17__ colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much __18__ because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies __19__ Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was __20__ self-rule and democracy.
1. natives inhabitants peoples individuals
2. confusedly cheerfully worriedly hopefully
3. shared forgot attained rejected
4. related close open devoted
5. access succession right return
6. Presumably Incidentally Obviously Generally
7. unique common particular typical
8. freedom origin impact reform
9. therefore however indeed moreover
10. with about among by
11. allowed preached granted funded
12. Since If Unless While
13. as for under against
14. spread interference exclusion influence
15. support cry plea wish
16. urged intended expected promised
17. controlling former remaining original
18. slower faster easier tougher
19. created produced contributed preferred
20. puzzled by hostile to pessimistic about unprepared for
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each textby choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40points）
Text 1
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccerplayer in 2006's World Cup tournament you would most likely find anoteworthy quirk elite soccer later months. If you then examined theEuropean national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professionalranks， you would find this strange phenomenon to be even morepronounced.
What might account for this strange phenomenon？ Here are a fewguesses： a） certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills. b）winter-born bathes tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increasessoccer stamina. c） soccer mad parents are more likely to conceivechildren in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania. d） none ofthe above.
Anders Ericsson， a 58-year-old psychology professor at FloridaState University， says he believes strongly in “none of the above.”Ericsson grew up in Sweden， and studied nuclear engineering until herealized he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his ownresearch if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly yearsago， involved memory： training a person to hear and then repeat arandom series of numbers. “With the first subject. after about 20 hoursof training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20，” Ericsson recalls.“He kept improving， and after about 200 hours of training he had risento over 80 numbers.”
This success coupled with later research showing that memory itselfas not genetically determined， led Ericsson to conclude that the act ofmemorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. Inother words， whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in theirabilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well eachperson “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how toencode information meaningfully， Ericsson determined， was a processknown as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more thansimply repeating a task. Rather， it involves setting specific goals，obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique ason outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expertperformers in a wide range of pursuits， including soccer. They gatherall the data they can， not just predominance statistics and biographicaldetails but also the results of their own lavatory experiments withhigh achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion： the traitwe commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or， put another way，expert performers whether in memory or surgery， ballet or computerprogramming are nearly always made， not born.
21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to
stress the importance of professional training.
spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.
introduce the topic of what males expert performance.
explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
22. The word “mania” （Line 4， Paragraph 2） most probably means
fun.
craze.
hysteria.
excitement.
23. According to Ericsson good memory
depends on meaningful processing of information.
results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.
is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.
requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.
24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that
talent is a dominating factor for professional success.
biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.
the role of talent tends to be overlooked.
high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.
25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey？
“Faith will move mountains.”
“One reaps what one sows.”
“Practice makes perfect.”
“Like father， like son”
Text 2
For the past several years， the Sunday newspaper supplement Paradehas featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to queryMarilyn vos Savant， who at age 10 had tested at a mental level ofsomeone about 23 years old； that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest scoreever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visualanalogies， to envision paper after it has been folded and cut， and todeduce numerical sequences， among other similar tasks. So it is a bitconfusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe（whose IQ is 100） as， What's the difference between love and fondness？Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence？ It's not obvious how thecapacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suitsone to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets andphilosophers.
Clearly， intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Justwhat does it means to be smart？ How much of intelligence can bespecified， and how much can we learn about it from neurology， genetics，computer science and other fields？
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be theIQ score， even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used tobe. The test comes primarily in two forms： the Stanford-BinetIntelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales （both come inadult and children's version）。 Generally costing several hundreddollars， they are usually given only by psychologists， althoughvariations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhighscores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible， because scoring is nowbased on a statistical population distribution among age pecks， rathertan simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age andmultiplying by 100. Other standardized tests， such as the ScholasticAssessment Test （SAT） and the Graduate Record Exam （GRE）， capture themain aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elementsnecessary to succeed in school and in life， argues Robert J. Sternberg.In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing？”. Sternbergnotes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skillsbut fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge， components alsocritical to problem solving and life success. Moreover， IQ tests do notnecessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.Research has found that IQ predicted leadership sills when the testswere given under low-stress conditions， but under high-stressconditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is itpredicted the opposite. Anyone who bas toiled through SAT will testifythat test-taking skill also matters， whether it‘s knowing when to guessor what questions of skip.
26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test？
Answering philosophical questions.
Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
Telling the differences between certain concepts.
Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3？
People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.
More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.
The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.
Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.
28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because
the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.
creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.
vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat.
the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.
29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that
test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability
IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.
testing involves a lot of guesswork.
traditional tests are out of date.
30. What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests？
Supportive.
Skeptical.
Impartial.
Biased.
Text 3
During the past generation， the American middle-class family thatonce could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financiallysecure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now apink slip， a bad diagnosis. or a disappearing spouse can reduce a familyfrom solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
In just one generation， millions of mothers have gone to work，transforming basic family economics. Scholars， policymakers， and criticsof all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes，but few have looked at the side effect family risk has risen as well.Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheckstatus. As a result they have lost the parachute they once had in timesof financial setback- a back-up earner （usually Mom） who could go intothe workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This“added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered byunemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weatherbad times. But today， a disruption to family fortunes can not longer bemade up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
During the same period， families have been asked to absorb muchmore risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers， airline employees，and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families whomust worry about interest rates， stock market fluctuation， and the harshreality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of thepast year. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to asavings-account model， with retirees trading much or all of theirguaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. Foryounger families， the picture is not any better. Both the absolute costof healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newlyfashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative hallsto Wal-Mart workers， with much higher deductibles and a large new doesof investment risk for families‘ future healthcare. Even demographicsare working against the middle class family， as the odds of having aweak elderly parent- and all the attendant need for physical andfinancial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
From the middle-class family perspective， much of this，understandably， looks far less like an opportunity to exercise morefinancial responsibility， and a good deal more like a frighteningacceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their alreadyoverburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun， and thepolitical fallout may not be far behind.
31. Today's double-income families are at greater financial risk in that
the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
32. As a result of President Bush's reform， retired people may have
a higher sense of security.
less secured payments.
less chance to invest.
a guaranteed future.
33. According go the author， health-savings plans will
help reduce the cost of healthcare.
popularize among the middle class.
compensate for the reduced pensions.
increase the families investment risk.
34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.
the middle class may face greater political challenges.
financial problems may bring about political problems.
financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.
35. Which of the following is the best title for this text？
The Middle Class on the Alert
The Middle Class on the Cliff
The Middle Class in Conflict
The Middle Class in Ruins
Text 4
It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finallysorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles， and improvedtheir feeble corporation governance， a new problem threatens to earnthem- especially in America-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitablylead to heads rolling in the executive suite： data insecurity. Left，until now， to odd， low-level IT staff to put right， and seen as aconcern only of data-rich industries such as banking， telecoms and airtravel， information protection is now high on the boss's agenda inbusinesses of every variety.
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year-from organizations as diverse as Time Warner， the American defensecontractor Science Applications International Corp and even theUniversity of California. Berkeley-have left managers hurriedly peeringinto their intricate 11 systems and business processes in search ofpotential vulnerabilities.
“Data is becoming an asset which needs no be guarded as much as anyother asset.” says I am Mendelson of Stanford University's businessschool “The ability guard customer data is the key to market value，which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders” Indeed，just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles（GAAP）。 perhaps it is time for GASP. Generally Accepted SecurityPractices， suggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School.“Setting the proper investment level for security， redundancy， andrecovery is a management issue， not a technical one.” he says.
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest exccutive that trust， thatmost valuable of economic assets， is easily destroyed and hugelyexpensive to restore-and that few things are more likely to destroytrust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wronghands.
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged-though notjustified-by the lack of legal penalty （in America， but not Europe） fordata leakage. Until California recently passed a law. American firms didnot have to tell anyone， even the victim， when data went astray， I hatmay change fast lots of proposed data-security legislation now doing therounds in Washington. D.C. Meanwhile. the theft of information aboutsome 40 million credit-card accounts in America， disclosed on June 17th.overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America'sFederal Trade Commission （FTC） that puts corporate America on noticethat regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate datasecurity.
36. The statement： “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce
the fierce business competition.
the feeble boss-board relations
the threat from news reports.
the severity of data leakage.
37. According to Paragraph 2， some organizations check their systems to find out
whether there is any weak point.
what sort of data has been stolen.
who is responsible for the leakage.
how the potential spies can be located.
38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that
shareholders interests should be properly attended to.
information protection should be given due attention.
businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.
the market value of customer data should be emphasized.
39. According to Paragraph 4， what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to
see the link between trust and data protection.
perceive the sensitivity of personal data.
realize the high cost of data restoration.
appreciate the economic value of trust.
40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that
data leakage is more severe in Europe.
FTC's decision is essential to data security.
California takes the lead in security legislation.
legal penalty is a major Solomon to data leakage.
Part B
Directions：
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about whatparents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood.Choose a heading from the list A——G that best fits the meaning of eachnumbered part of the text （41——45）。 The first and last paragraphs of thetext are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do notneed to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
A. Set a Good Example for Your Kids
B. Build Your Kid's Work Skills
C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities
D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis
E. Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies
F. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are
G. Build Your Kids Sense of Responsibility
How Can a Parent Help？
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in earlyadulthood for their kids. Even if a job's starting salary seems toosmall to satisfy an emerging adult's need for rapid content， thetransition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-upadult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures， drawn from my bookReady or Not， Here Life Comes， that parents can take to prevent what Icall “work-life unread ness”。
41. _________________________________
You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodicallyreview their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and worktogether on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well orcollaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep comingback to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.
42. _________________________________
Kids need a range of authentic role models-as opposed to members oftheir clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-tablediscussions about people the family knows and how they got where theyare. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourageyour kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked whatthey want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have noidea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggyview of the future is of little good.
43. _________________________________
Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn； parentsshould e responsible for teaching them how to work. Assignresponsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines aremet. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job Kids need plenty ofpractice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizationalskills, such as managing time and setting priorities.
44. _________________________________
Paying video games encourages immediate content. And hours ofwatching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to processinformation in a passive way. At the same time, listening throughearphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourageskids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors.All these activities can prevent the growth of important communicationand thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kindof sustained concentration they will need for most jods.
45. _________________________________
They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelingsof inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolveconflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at homecan help kids practice doing these things and help them apply theseskills to everyday life situations.
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to bestruggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood？ Parentsstill have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They haveto be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. Theyshould exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currentlyinterests their fledging adult （as na？ve or ill conceived as it mayseem） while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Mostof all, these new adults must fell that they are respected andsupported by a family that appreciates them.
Part C
Directions：
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly onANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basicintellectual discipline in European universities. However, only inrecent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs inCanadian universities. （46）Traditionally, legal learning has been viewedin such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than anecessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education isestablishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some haveeven begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part andparcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appealdirectly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encouragesresponsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities toanalyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. （47）On the other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which isparallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they coverand comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, ofbasic rights and public interest are at work in the process ofjournalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirablecomponent of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or hercareer.
（48）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law moreprofoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of theestablished conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a majorsubject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way thestate works, the better their reporting will be. （49）In fact, it isdifficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of thebasic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job onpolitical stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within itare primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legaljournalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst manyjournalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. （50） Whilecomment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferablefor journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and maketheir own judgments. These can only come from a well-groundedunderstanding of the legal system.
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions：Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. （10 points）
Part B
52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1） describe the drawing briefly, 2） explain its intended meaning, and then
3） support your view with an example/ examples.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）
Section I Use of English
1.B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C
6.D 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. C
11.C 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.C
16.D 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.D
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
21.C 22.B 23.D 24.D 25.C
26.D 27.C 28.A 29.A 30.B
31.C 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.B
36.D 37.A 38.B 39.A 40.D
Part B
41.F 42.D 43.B 44.C 45.E
Part C （仅供参考）
46、一直以来，在这些大学里，法律知识的学习看作是律师的专属，而不是受教育人士必备知识的一部分。
47、另一方面，以类似记者在每天采访和评论新闻时炮制联系的方式，法律把这些概念（公正、民主和自由）和日常实践联系在一起。
48、但是，记者必须比普通公民更为深刻地理解法律，这种说法是基于对新闻媒体的既定常规和特殊职责的理解。
49、事实上，我们很难想象，对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清楚把握的记者如何能胜任政治方面的报道。
50、尽管律师的意见和态度可能会增加报道的深度，但记者最好还是应该依靠自己的理解并做出自己的判断。
Section III Writing （仅供参考）
Part A
January 20th, 2007
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m a student in the university and a loyal reader of this library.I’m writing to tell some of my ideas, which I hope to be helpful foryou.
I notice that many magazines in our library are out of date. It wouldbe beneficial to us students if they could be updated in time. And Isuggest introducing some new journals so as to bring new fresh air tothe library. Furthermore, since we have a huge number of books, it isnot easy to find the right one easily. However, if we can introduce somenew searching means, such as implementing new information managementsystem that would be useful.
Thank you for taking time reading this letter and I’m looking forward to seeing some new changes soon.
Sincerely Yours,
Li Ming
Part B
As can be seen from the cartoon, different ideas may come from thesame thing. In the picture, while trying to catch the upcoming soccer,the goal-keeper says to himself why it is so big. And, the strikersimply thinks in a different way, that is why it is so small?!
Whatmakes such a big contrary on the same tournament at the same moment? Itis no doubt that they are facing the very same goal and experiencing thevery same moment. However, the subjective views result in differentimpression on the same object. Many of us may still remember the storyof a pony crossing the river, which we learned from the textbook inprimary school. The squirrel tells him, the river is deep; and the cowtells him, the river is not deep at all. However, in the end, he tellshimself a third answer. Therefore, it is not exaggerating to say thatmost of us are looking into the world with personal ideas. Subjectivemental status may result in a really big difference in personal views,just like the goal-keeper and the striker in the drawing.
A possible solution might be to face any situation as objectively aspossible. If we realize this in an objective way, it would be good forus to deal with what we encounter in life, especially when we are insetbacks or facing difficulties.
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