2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案
Section I Listening Comprehension Part A(每题1分，共20分)Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C. Remember, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET I.
Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
Directions: For Quesstions1—5,you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)
1、Geography of BelgiumThree main regions coastal plaincentral plateau Highest 1
2、altitude of the coastal plain 2 m
3、Climate near the sea 3 humid
4、Particularly rainy months of the years 4 April
5、Average temperatures in July in Brussels low 13℃ high 5 ℃
Section I Part B(每题1分，共5分)
Directions: For Questions 6-10,you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )
6、What is Saffo according to himself?
7、The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and
8、The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is
9、To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and
10、What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team?
Section I Part C（共三节，满分10分）
Directions: You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )
Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.
11、What do we often do with the things we love?
A.Ask for their names.
B.Name babies after them.
C.Put down their names.
D.Choose names for them.
12、 The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if
A. the family tree is fairly limited.
B. the family tie is strong enough.
C.the name is commonly used.
D.nobody in the family complains.
13、 Several months after a baby’s birth, its name will
A.show the beauty of its own.
B.develop more associations.
C.lose the original meaning.
D.help form the baby’s personality.
Questions 14-16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.
14. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?
A. 90.
B .108.
C.180.
D. 668.
15、In 1964, Bobby Moore was made
A.England’s footballer of the year.
B.a soccer coach in West Germany.
C.a medalist for his sportsmanship.
D.a number of the Order of the British Empire.
16、After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was
A.editing Sunday Sport.
B.working for Capital Radio.
C.managing professional soccer teams.
D.developing a sports marketing company.
Questions 17-20 are based on the on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.
17. Belfast has long been famous for its
A. oil refinery.
B. linen textiles.
C.food products.
D. deepwater port.
18、Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?
A. Soap.
B. Grain.
C.Steel.
D.Tobacco.
19、When was Belfast founded?
A. In 1177.
B. In 1315.
C.In the 16th century.
D. In the 17th century.
20、 What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?
A. French refugees arrived.
B. The harbor was destroyed.
C.Shipbuilding began to flourish.
D.The city was taken by the English.
Section II Use of English（满分10分）
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21)[] on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22)[] they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23)[] with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24)[] to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25)[] as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26)[] the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27)[] lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28)[] to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29)[] juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30)[] to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31)[] make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32)[] lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also(33)[] changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34)[], children are likely to have less supervision at home (35)[] was common in the traditional family (36)[]. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37)[] causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38)[] of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39)[] of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40)[] a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
21、
A. acting
B. relying
C.centering
D. commenting
22、
A. before
B. unless
C.until
D. because
23、
A. interactions
B. assimilation
C.cooperation
D. consultation
24、
A. return
B. reply
C.reference
D. response
25、
A. or
B. but rather
C.but
D. or else
26、
A. considering
B. ignoring
C.highlighting
D. discarding
27、
A. on
B. in
C.for
D. with
28、
A. immune
B. resistant
C.sensitive
D. subject
29、
A. affect
B. reduce
C.chock
D. reflect
30、
A. point
B. lead
C.come
D. amount
31、
A. in general
B. on average
C.by contrast
D. at length
32、
A. case
B. short
C.turn
D. essence
33、
A. survived
B. noticed
C.undertaken
D. experienced
34、
A. contrarily
B. consequently
C.similarly
D. simultaneously
35
A.than
B. that
C.which
D. as
36、
A. system
B. structure
C.concept
D. heritage
37、
A. assessable
B. identifiable
C.negligible
D. incredible
38、
A. expense
B. restriction
C.allocation
D. availability
39、
A. incidence
B. awareness
C.exposure
D. popularity
40、
A. provided
B. since
C. although
D. supposing
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A（满分40分）
Directions: Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Passage 1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you:“Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert. For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept —— what you think you want to do —— then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.“I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs —— those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them —— and they do.“"On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. Even those who aren't hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.
41. How did Redmon find his job?
A.By searching openings in a job database.
B. By posting a matching position in a database.
C.By using a special service of a database.
D.By E-mailing his resume to a database.
42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
A.Lack of counseling.
B.Limited number of visits.
C.Lower efficiency.
D.Fewer successful matches.
43、The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means
A.advisory.
B.compensation.
C.interaction.
D.reminder.
44、Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
A.To focus on better job matches.
B.To attract more returning visits.
C.To reserve space for more messages.
D.To increase the rate of success.
45、Which of the following is true according to the text?
A.Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.
B. Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.
C.Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.
D.Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.
Passage 2
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?
A. A kind of overlooked inequality.
B. A type of conspicuous bias.
C. A type of personal prejudice.
D. A kind of brand discrimination.
47、What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.
B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysman.
C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.
D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
48、The 4th paragraph suggests that
A.questions are often put to the more intelligent students.
B.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.
C.teachers should pay attention to all of their students.
D.students should be seated according to their eyesight.
49、What does the author mean by "most people are literally having a ZZZ" (Line 2-3, Paragraph 5)?
A.They are getting impatient.
B.They are noisily dozing off.
C.They are feeling humiliated.
D.They are busy with word puzzles.
50、Which of the following is true according to the text?
A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
B.VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
C.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
Passage3
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting hernails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling orpolishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clientsspend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenlystopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a goodeconomic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can dowithout when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero isdownscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near hersuburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know ifother clients are going to abandon me, too” she says.
Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hoteconomy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of theslowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales havebeen lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. Forretailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue betweenThanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucialtime. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from lastyear’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem onlyconcerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about theeconomy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modestbelt-tightening.
Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadfulheadlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices areholding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rushhappening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed byWall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco,prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says johnDeadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel prettycomfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential homebuyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind alittle fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have beeninfluenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as anecessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside,too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurantneed to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. maystill be worth toasting.
51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means
Spero can hardly maintain her business.
Spero is too much engaged in her work.
Spero has grown out of her bad habit.
Spero is not in a desperate situation.
52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?
Optimistic.
Confused.
Carefree.
Panicked.
53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about.
gold market.
real estate.
stock exchange.
venture investment.
54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic showdown?
They would benefit in certain ways.
The stock market shows signs of recovery.
Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
The purchasing power would be enhanced.
55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
A now boom, on the horizon.
Tighten the belt, the single remedy.
Caution all right, panic not.
The more ventures, the more chances.
Passage4
Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Ourheroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Evenour schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—— not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms ofpervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.
“Schools have always been in a society where practical is moreimportant than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch.“Schools could be a counterbalance.” Razitch’s latest bock, Left Back: ACentury of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots ofanti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but acounterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.
But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the lifeof the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Withoutthe ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understandthe ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy.Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become asecond-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”
“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writeshistorian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism inAmerican life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots ofanti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From thebeginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populisturges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been consideredmore noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophersthought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints onchildren:“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do notknow a thing.”Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified Americananti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized —— going to schooland learning to read —— so he can preserve his innate goodness.
Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from nativeintelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is thecritical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligenceseeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellectexamines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.
School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadtersays our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who“joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and theireagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectualpromise.”
56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
The habit of thinking independently.
Profound knowledge of the world.
Practical abilities for future career.
The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of
undervaluing intellect.
favoring intellectualism.
supporting school reform.
suppressing native intelligence.
59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably
a pioneer of education reform.
an opponent of intellectualism.
a scholar in favor of intellect.
an advocate of regular schooling.
60. What does the author think of intellect?
It is second to intelligence.
It evolves from common sense.
It is to be pursued.
It underlies power.
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly onANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers formany centuries. (61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of languagehad some connection with the process of thought, which took root inEurope long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languagesthat were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists,Franz Boas Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many nativelanguages of North and South America during the first half of thetwentieth century.
(62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages havesince vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or becameassimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in theearlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal withbizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful.
(63) The newly described languages were often so strikinglydifferent from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asiathat some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their dataNative American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact thatNavajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War IIto send secret messages.
Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages.
(64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought,Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines thestructure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because thestructure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because itis easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a givenlanguage, the speakers of that language think along one track and notalong another.
(65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinismwhich, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reachingconsequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became tobe known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhatinappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity oflanguages ,Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion oflinguistic determinism.
Section Ⅳ Writing
66. Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the drawing.
2) interpret its meaning, and.
3) support your view with examples.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points)
Part A (5 points)
1. highlands
2. 20
3. mild
4. November
5. 22
Part B (5 points)
6. A (technology) forecaster;
7. government agencies;
8. A meaningful (exercise);
9. open to change;
10.Trust and cooperation.
Part C (10 points)
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Section II: Use of English (10 points)
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)
Part A (40 points)
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
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Part B (10 points)
61. 希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
62. 我们之所有感激他们 (两位先驱), 是因为在此之后, 这些 (土着) 语言中有一些已经不复存在了, 这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了, 或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。
63. 这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显着, 以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。
64. Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣, 逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中, 语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。
65. Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点, 其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维, 语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
Section IV: Writing (20 points)
66. 参考范文
Look at this picture. A man is running toward the end of a race,sweating all over. Perhaps there is nothing special about the man andthe race, yet the end line leaves a deep impression on us for it is both“finish line” and “starting line” if we look at it from a differentangle.
The picture tells us a lot about life. An ordinary runner may thinkthat his achievement calls for celebration for he has reached his goal.But an ambitious runner will well realize that his success is thestarting point for a new race. Obviously, the way we look at thingsdetermines how far we will go. If we feel satisfied with the ability toread and write, perhaps we will not strive to get a college education.Again, if we think a Bachelor degree is quite enough, we will not takepains to pass the examination for postgraduate. Life is just like anendless race. If we don’t prepare for new races, we are eitherdisqualified from the race or surpassed by others. That’s why the finishline is also a starting live.
I like this picture. I may have been running this endless race, butI have been pushed forward by my parents or people around me. From nowon, I will become more active and take the initiative, for the picturehas really enlightened me.
(233 words)
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