十年考研英语完型真题考过的词汇辨析（3）
条件;环境;气候
circumstance
常用复数，尤其指经济状况
domestic ~s 家庭经济状况
condition
常用复数
~1特指居住、工作或做事的环境，条件
~2影响某事发生的物质环境
~1children living under the most appalling ~s 生活在最恶劣环境下的儿童
~2The plants grow best in damp ~s.这种植物最适合在潮湿的环境下生长。
environment
1特指自然环境
~2指个体或事物行为发展的客观环境，强调产生的影响
~1measures to protect the ~保护环境的措施
~2Home ~ can affect a child’s behaviour.家庭环境可能对孩子的行为造成影响。
situation
强调特定时期和特定地点的形势、局面
the present financial ~目前的财政形势
surroundings
指人或事物周边的环境
to work in pleasant ~在愉快的环境中工作
space
指可供利用的空间
to make a good use of the available ~充分利用现有空间
climate
~1“(某地的)气候”
~2抽象的“气候，风气，氛围”
~2a ~ of unrest 不安的气氛;
the present political ~当前的政治气候
[真题]~1(1993)It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic concern is the function of the
particular ___. 很明显，室内设计者关注的最重要的基本问题就是某一特定空间的功能。(D)
circumstance environment surroundings space
~2(1999)When the work is well done, a____ of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. 如果这项工作做得好，就会建立一个无事故的工作氛围。在这种环境里，因工伤损失的时间会被保持在最低限度。(B)
regulation climate circumstance requirement
~3(1988)Living____ began to improve in the spring of 1621. 生活条件在1621 年的春天开始改善。(C)
situations environments conditions circumstances
关心
care
指照料、看护(病人、老人、儿童等)
the provision of ~ for the elderly 为老年人提供的护理
concern
~1“关爱、关心”，带有感情色彩
~2“关注”，着重于所关心的问题或对象
~1parents’ ~ for their children 父母对子女的关爱
~2the main~s as a writer 作为一名作家主要关注的问题
attention
“小心;注意(力);专心”，侧重指集中精力做某事
Small children have a very ~ span.幼儿的注意力持续时间很短。
[真题](1993) It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic _____is the function of the
particular space. 很明显，室内设计者关注的最重要的基本问题就是某一特定空间的功能。(B)
care concern attention intention
决定，决心
decision
~1“作出的决定，作抉择”，常用~about/on sth
~2“决心;果断”，偏重迅速而明智做出决定的能力
~1to make a ~ about what to do next 对于下一步该做什么做出决定
~2a quick-thinking man of ~ and action 思维敏捷、遇事果断、行动迅速的人
determination
~1正式地确定、规定某事物是什么、怎么样等
~2“决心;果断”，偏重坚定、不放弃
~1the genes for male sex ~决定男性性别的基因
~2fought the illness with ~顽强地与疾病作斗争
[真题](1993)Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of ___. He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 然而，无论任一类型的空间，设计者必须作出许多相同的决定。他(她)必须协调从天花板至地板所有东西的形状、照明及装饰。(C)
solutions conclusions decisions determinations
事业;责任，义务
venture
“冒险事业;投机活动”，强调风险性
to take a ~ in oil 在石油业进行一次投机
mission
~1“使命;天职”，多指一生都在履行的职责
~2指被派遣人员领受的任务或太空飞行任务
~1Her ~ in life was to work with the homeless.她以帮助无家可归者为己任。
~2to be sent to London on a diplomatic ~肩负外交使命被派往伦敦;a US space ~美国的太空飞行
responsibility
“责任;负责”，强调承担后果
It is their ~ to ensure that the rules are enforced.他们有责任确保制度的执行。
duty
多指道义上的责任，强调自觉性
Local councilors have a ~ to serve the community.地方议员有义务为社区服务。
obligation
指合同或法律上规定的义务，强调约束力
They reminded him of his contractual ~s.他们提醒他注意合同规定的义务。
[真题](1992)When it has accomplished its ____, it can be ready for another trip in about two weeks.航天飞机在完成任务后就可以准备开始两周后的旅程。(B)
venture mission commission responsibility
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