2019考研英语阅读模拟_2002年英语阅读真题解析part1
2019考研英语阅读大家复习的怎么样?错题率如何?不管是错多错少，考试之前都有机会提升和调整，重要的是心态保持好。多刷刷题，多总结。不少同学表示没题可刷，新东方在线建议久一点的真题也可以练练手，下面分享00-05年的阅读题给大家来刷题检验，看看得分率如何：2002年英语阅读真题解析part1
Unit 9
Part One
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know
how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to
the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you
understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are
talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of
their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want
to comment on their disorganized bosses.
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which
works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man
arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful
accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very
peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new
arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the
head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is
that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God." came the reply, "but
sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a
position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and
it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen
food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you
mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making
disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer
ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone
system.
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes
more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you
can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which
causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow
or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted
remark.
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a
familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on
a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and
pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with
humor.
1. To make your humor work, you should ________.
take advantage of different kinds of audience
make fun of the disorganized people.
address different problems to different people.
show sympathy for your listeners.
2. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are
________.
impolite to new arrivals. very conscious of their godlike
role.
entitled to some privileges. very busy even during lunch
hours.
3. It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.
have benefited many people. are the focus of public attention.
are an inappropriate subject for humor. have often been the
laughing stock.
4. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered
________.
in well-worded language. as awkwardly as possible.
in exaggerated statement. as casually as possible.
5. The best title for the text may be ________.
Use Humor Effectively. Various Kinds of Humor.
Add Humor to Speech. Different Humor Strategies.
Unit 9(2002) Part 1
重点词汇：
1.identify(辨别;视为同一)即ident+ify，ident词根“同一”，-ify动词后缀“使……”;identification(识别;身份证明)←identify去y加-ication名词后缀;identical(同一的)←ident+ical形容词后缀。Any
man over thirty identifies his youth with the worst fault he thinks he is
capable of.任何过了三十岁的人都把自己的青年时代视为自认所能犯下的最大错误。
2.relevant(相关的;意义重大的)即re+lev+ant，re-前缀，lev词根“升，举”，-ant形容词后缀，故“从……升起的”→“源自……的”→相关的。同根词：elevate(升举，提高)←e+lev+ate;elevator(电梯，升降机)←e+lev+at(e)+or。
3.sympathy(n.同情;共鸣)即sym+path+y，sym-(=syn-，在p前n变形为m以方便发音，前缀“同”)，path词根“感情”，-y抽象名词后缀;sympathize/sympathise(v.同情;共鸣)，-ize/-ise为动词后缀;sympathetic(同情的;共鸣的)←sym+path+etic形容词后缀。
4.alternatively(二者择一地;另外)←alter改变+nat(e)+ive+ly;alternative(二者择一的;供选择的事物)←alter+nat(e)+ive;alternate(v.交替;交替的)←alter+nate。Love's
alternate joy and woe.爱情就是交替的欢乐与痛苦。
5.convention (大会;惯例;公约)即con+ven(t)+tion，con-一起，ven(t)来，-tion名词后缀，故“人们来到一起”→开“大会”，而“大会制定的规则”即是“公约”，公约遵守时间长了就成为“惯例”。stomp(n.v.重踏)←stamp(邮票;标志)也有相同含义，想象“猛盖邮戳”→重踏。
6.appropriate(适当的)即ap+propri+ate，ap-前缀加强语气，propri看作proper(适当的)，-ate后缀;
7.inappropriate(不适当的)←in否定前缀+appropriate。Extreme remedies are very
appropriate for extreme diseases.烈性药物对于重病是非常适宜的。←这句话是西方医学之父希波克拉底说的。
8.inedible(不可食的)←in否定前缀+ed(=eat)+ible能……的。
9.resent (v.愤怒、怨恨)即re+sent，re(=against反对)，sent(=sense感觉)，于是“在感觉上反对”→愤恨。People
don't resent having nothing nearly as much as too little.人们所不满的往往是太少，而不是没有。
10.disparaging (轻视的)←dis否定前缀+par平等+ag(e)后缀+ing后缀。
11.scapegoat (替罪羊)可这样记：escape(n.v.逃跑)←e+scape，把e看作ex-，则scape就是没有“离开”的→“逃不掉的”→“留下来替罪的”，于是scape+goat→替罪羊。与“羊”有关的另一习语：black
sheep(害群之马;败家子)，源自谚语There is a black sheep in every flock.
12.casual(偶然的;漫不经心的)即cas降落+ual后缀;casualty(严重意外事故;伤亡者)←cas+ual+ty名词后缀。Aoff-the-cuff
即席的。
13.deliver (v.传递;释放;发表;分娩)即de+liver，de-前缀“使”，liver(=liber)词根“自由”，于是从“使自由”推出deliver的各项含义;delivery (传递)←deliver+y名词后缀。
14.light-hearted 轻松愉快的。
15.familiar (熟悉的;亲近的)即famil(y)+iar形容词后缀，“感觉像家一样的”;familiarity(熟悉)←familiar+ity名词后缀。exaggeration(夸张)←ex加强语气+agger堆积+ation名词后缀;exaggerate(夸张)←ex+agger+ate动词后缀。understatement (掩饰;轻描淡写的陈述)←under+statement;反义词：overstatement(夸大的陈述)←over+statement。
16.privilege (n.优惠;特权v.给予优惠或特权)即privi+leg+e，privi(=private)词根“私人的”，leg词根“法律”(如legal“法律的;合法的”←leg+al)，→特权。To
have become a deeper man is the privilege of those who have
suffered.变得更加深谋远虑是受过磨难的人的特权。
17.effectively(有效地)即ef+fect+ive+ly，ef-前缀表“加强”，fect词根“做”，-ive形容词后缀，-ly副词后缀;去ly即为形容词effective。
难句解析：
① Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them
that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in
sympathy with their point of view.
该句是一个复杂单句，句子的主语是your humor，后面有两个平行的谓语must be和should
help，它们后面分别有其宾语。其中should help后面的宾语是不定式to show，而它的宾语比较复杂，是两个并列的宾语从句：that you are
one of them和that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their
point of view，中间用or连接。
本句结构比较简明，只需注意show them后面是两个并列的宾语从句就可以了。后面的宾语从句中有个很有用的词组in sympathy
with，表示同情、同意、赞同。
② If you are Part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a
position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and
it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen
food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties.
if引导了一个条件从句，而后面的主句是两个子句构成的并列句。在第一个子句you will be in a position to know the
experiences and problems which are common to all of you中又有一个定语从句which are common
to all of you来修饰the experiences and problems，而后面的子句的结构是一个it is adj. for sb. to
do sth.的结构。
要看懂本句，重点在于要把后面的两个子句断开，并分别理解。
③ Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can
deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.
该句是一个祈使句。谓语是include，宾语是remarks，后面有一个定语从句修饰它。
注意该句的特性。另外注意off-the-cuff的意思。
④Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak
slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to
show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
整句可以看成是由so连接的并列句，前后有一定的因果关系。前面的子句是一个强调结构，而后面又是一个祈使句，其谓语动词是speak和remember。而remember后面又是一个很长的宾语从句。
要理解前后的因果关系。
试题解析：
1. 【正确答案】
本题考的是局部信息。考生只要看懂了第一段第三句话“Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems
will be different”以及后面的supporting evidence，就能够准确地回答本题。
2. 【正确答案】
本题的关键是看学生是否理解第二段结尾St.Peter的话。有42.8%的考生选C项是因为没有理解St.Peter的话，而把注意力放在了医生的所作所为上，即医生把新来的人推到一边，冲到队伍的最前面等等，因而给人一种他享有特权的印象。
3. 【正确答案】
本题的关键是第三段的最后一句话，意思是：你去开邮局或电话系统(即public
services)的玩笑则比较安全，不会有冒犯什么人的危险，同时本句中还出现了一个关键词“scapegoats”，说明public
services常常成为人们的笑柄。
4. 【正确答案】
本题主要考第四段的内容。其中有一些关键词，如：“natural”，“relaxed”，“unforced”，“light-hearted”等。只要考生看懂了这些词的意思，这道题就很容易了。
5. 【正确答案】
这道题考的是对全文的理解，是一道总括题。答总括题需要利用全文的信息。从全文各段的内容来看，文章主要是讲如何有效地使用幽默。采用排除法很容易确定本题的答案。
全文翻译：
如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑，你就必须知道如何识别共同的经历和共同的问题。你的幽默必须与听众有关，能够向他们显示你是他们的一员，或者你了解他们的情况，同情他们的观点。根据与你谈话的不同对象，问题也有所不同。如果你在和一群经理谈话，你就可以评论他们秘书的工作方法紊乱;相反，如果你在和一群秘书谈话，你就可以评论她们老板的工作方法紊乱。
下面举一个例子，它是我在一个护士大会上听到的。这个故事效果很好，因为听众对医生都有同样的看法。一个人到了天堂，由圣彼得带着他参观。他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。所有人都很安静、礼貌和友善，然而当这位新来的人在排队等候午餐时，突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。只见这人挤到了队伍的前头，抓起他的食物，噔噔地旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁。“这是谁啊?”新来的人问圣彼得。“哦，那是上帝，”他回答说，“但有时也认为自己是一名医生。”
如果你是你谈话对象集体中的一员，你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题，你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者总裁在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。而对于其他听众，你就不能试图贸然地讲这种幽默，因为他们也许不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅或总裁有如此微词。如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局这样的替罪羊，那你就会很安全。
如果你在幽默时感到很别扭，你应该进行练习使它变得更自然。包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话，你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑，因此说慢一些，并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话。
留意幽默，它常常是在出其不意的时候出现。它可以是一句常言的歪曲如“你要是一开始不成功，就放弃”，或者是玩弄语言和情景。留意夸张和打折扣的话。考虑一下你的谈话，选出一些词汇和句子，颠倒它们的秩序，并注入一些幽默。
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