2019考研英语阅读模拟题及答案详解（8）
考研英语阅读能力提升是在不断的做题中提升的，多做题，找语感，掌握不同类型的做题技巧。新东方在线下面分享几套阅读模拟题及答案详解，我们来看看：2019考研英语阅读模拟题及答案详解（8）
For hundreds of years，the criminal law has been built around the idea that
wrongdoers must be punished for their crimes.The most basic argument for
punishment is that it preserves law and order and respects for authority.From
this point of view，punishment does two things.It upholds the law，and it prevents
others from thinking they can get away with doing the same thing without
punishment.Punishment is based on the idea that many people have a barely
controlled desire to act in forbidden ways.
One of the best ways to reduce crime is to reform or rehabilitate habitual
criminals.The main problem is not the first offender or the petty thief but the
repeated offender who commits increasingly serious crimes.According to
criminologists，crime would decrease greatly if all such offenders could be
turned away from wrongdoing.But U.S.prisons have had little success in
rehabilitating inmates.About two-thirds of the people arrested in any year have
a previous criminal record.
Rehabilitation of criminals could probably be improved greatly if experts
could provide the right kind of program for different types of
offenders.Criminals vary widely in the kinds of crimes they commit，their
emotional problems，and their social and economic backgrounds.Not all offenders
can be helped by the same treatment.Many require the aid of
physicians，psychiatrists，or psychologists.Others respond well to educational or
vocational training.In the early 1990s，there were about 1，300，000 criminals in
U.S.city，county，state，and federal correctional institutions，and about 500，000
more were out on parole.Society spent more than $15 billion to operate prisons
and related institutions yearly，but only a small part of this sum went to
provide treatment.Nearly all the funds were used to feed and clothe prisoners
and to keep them under control.
Since the 1ate 1970s，however，there has been a trend toward punishment
rather than rehabilitation of offenders.Prison sentences are longer.Capital
punishments have been used more frequently since the U.S.Supreme Court lifted a
death penalty ban in 1976.Nevertheless，crime prevention should aim to prevent
people from becoming criminals in the first place.Such a goal probably would
benefit from reform programs in urban slums.These programs would include
improved housing，schools，and recreation programs and increased job
opportunities.
There are many other ways to reduce crime.People can be educated or
persuaded to take greater precautions against crime.They can be taught，for
example，how to protect their homes from burglary.Automobile thefts would drop
sharply if drivers removed their keys and locked their cars when leaving
them.Better lighting helps discourage purse-snatchings and other robberies on
city streets and in parks.Many experts believe that strict gun-licensing laws
would greatly reduce crime.
1.The belief that people tend to behave in forbidden ways____.
leads to the formulation of the criminal law
makes people value order above all else
convinces people that crimes should be eliminated from the society
is a false one that should not be taken seriously
2.In the second paragraph the author implies____.
the U.S.prison system is not working effectively enough to reform
criminals
the best way to reduce crime rate is to rehabilitate habitual
criminals
reforming criminals in prison will turn them away from wrongdoing
crimes would decrease if people‘s desire could be healthily
channeled
3.The author speculates that rehabilitation can be made more effective
if____.
reform is directed to the criminals‘ emotional problems
rehabilitation is aimed at changing the economic and social
environment
rehabilitation is facilitated by physicians，psychiatrists or
psychologists
crimes are dealt with in the ways that suit each kind
4.According to the author，punishment is a better means than rehabilitation
in reducing crime rate____.
so it should be used in place of rehabilitation
so stricter sentences are absolutely necessary
yet it does not work well in many cases
but preventing crime is even more effective
5. The author concludes the passage by pointing out that____.
the present gun-licensing laws are held responsible for most of the
crimes
educational failure accounts for most of the present offences
more help should be provided for released criminals
the long-term reduction of crime rate depends on multiple
improvements
参考答案：
1.意为：导致刑法的制定。第一段最后一句指出，(法律)惩罚是基于这样一种认识：许多人几乎无法控制自己的欲望，总想以不容许的方式行事。这里的含义是：为了制止人们这种想法和行为，制定法律来约束他们是必要的。
2. 第二段第四、五句指出，但是美国监狱在改造罪犯方面不成功。每年被逮捕的人中有约2/3的人有前科。
3.
第三段第一句指出，如果专家们能为不同的罪犯提供合适的改造方案，会大大地改进对罪犯的改造。注意：本句是一个虚拟句，表达作者的建议，它同时也是本段的主题句。
4.
第四段提到，自20世纪70年代末以来，人们更重视惩罚而不是改造，死刑的适用更加频繁，但是，阻止犯罪应该首先防止人们成为罪犯。这句话(第四句)表达了作者的观点。
5. 最后一段提到，人们自身也应该加强防范犯罪的意识，政府部门、法律部门也应该做出努力。可见，减少犯罪是一个综合治理问题。
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