2012考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第4篇
英语阅读是考研英语必考的一部分内容也是分值占比较高的一部分知识点。2018考研同学复习的重点，距离18年考研时间仅剩两个多月的时间，各科的复习都紧张进行着。跨考网考研小编为大家整理了2012考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第4篇，希望同学们能够对英语阅读真题进行研究，对真题的出题方向、考察方式有进一步的掌握，争取取得好成绩。 If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.When Hoffa's Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do.
In 2009 the number of unionists in America's public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector.
In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.
There are three reasons for the public-sector unions' thriving.
First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences.
Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated.
A quarter of America's public-sector workers have a university degree.
Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics.
Some of their ties go back a long way.
Britain's Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism.
Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.
At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome.
Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state's budget is patrolled by unions.
The teachers' unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.
In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one.
But the real gains come in benefits and work practices.
Politicians have repeatedly "backloaded" public-sector pay deals,
keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.
Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education,
where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles.
Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable,
teachers' unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.
As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down.
In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.
But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.
John Donahue at Harvard's Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services
suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers.
The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States.
Bankers' fat pay packets have attracted much criticism,
but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.
如果工会会员Jimmy Hoffa今天还活着，他也许会是公务员的代表。
1960年Hoffa的组织Teamsters处于全盛时期，美国政府工作人员中只有十分之一的人属于某一个公会;现在这个比率是36%。
2009年任职于美国公共部门的工会会员人数超过了任职于私营部门的工会会员人数。
在英国，在公共部门的工作人员中半数以上参加了工会，而私营部门的工作人员只有大约15%的人参加了工会组织。
公共部门工会如此盛行的原因有三个。
第一，他们能够脱身，而不用承担太多后果。
第二，他们中间大部分人聪明，受过良好教育。
美国公共部门的工作人员中四分之一的人有大学学位。
第三，他们现在在政治中的左翼力量中占主导地位。
其中有些关系有很长的历史。
正如其名，英国工党和工会组织的关系由来已久。
其现任领导Miliband把自己得到的位置归功于来自公共部门工会组织的投票。
从州范围来看，他们的影响更为吓人。
加利福尼亚州公共政策研究院的Mark Baldassare指出，本州大部分预算都由工会来检查。
教师工会关注学校，加利福尼亚感化治安官协会关心监狱，各型各色的劳工团体关注卫生保健。
在很多富裕国家，公共部门的平均工资要高于私营部门的平均工资。
但是真正的收入来源于利润和工作表现。
政客已不停地加强公共部门的工资待遇，
工资涨幅不大，但却加长本来就不少的假期，特别是增加本来就很多的养老保险金。
对于变革的反对一直都很强烈，在教育方面最为惊人。
在教育方面，契约学校、专科学校、绩效奖都面临着持久战。
尽管有大量证据表明教师的质量是最重要的变量，
但教师工会反对解雇不好的教师，提升好教师。
对其他每个人的支出变得更为清晰，政客开始强制执行。
在威斯康辛州，工会集结了成千上万的支持者，反对走强硬路线的州长，即共和党人Scott Walker。
但很多任职于公共部门的工作人员也在目前的体制下受罪。
哈佛肯尼迪学院的John Donahue指出，西方公务员系统的文化准则
适合这些想留在原地过安逸生活的人们，但并不适合那些表现好的人们。
任职于美国公共部门的工作人员中，只有大学体育教练和美国总统每年的收入远远高于250，000美元。
银行的高收入招致了很多批评，
但对于美国来讲，在公共部门体制中，没有给表现好的工作人员足够的回报可能会成为更为严重的问题。
重点单词
thriving['θriaiviŋ]adj. 旺盛的;蒸蒸日上的;繁荣的 v. 兴旺
budget['bʌdʒit]n. 预算 vt. 编预算，为 ... 做预算
modest['mɔdist]adj. 谦虚的，适度的，端庄的
fearsome['fiəsəm]adj. 可怕的;害怕的;极大的
vigorouslyadv. 精神旺盛地，活泼地
primeadj. 最初的，首要的，最好的，典型的
charter['tʃɑ:tə]n. 宪章，特许，(船、机、车等的)租赁
generous['dʒenərəs]adj. 慷慨的，宽宏大量的，丰盛的，味浓的
current['kʌrənt]n. (水、气、电)流，趋势
adj. 流通的
opposed[ə'pəuzd]adj. 反对的，敌对的 v. 和 ... 起冲突，反抗
小编说:时间从来都是很快的流逝，尤其是对于忙碌的人，今天的你如果感觉天黑来的很快，那么请庆幸你的忙碌，这样的忙碌带来不仅是成绩的提升，还同时在提升你的个人能力，让你在将来比其他人更快的步入财务相对自由的状态，高学历不仅是成绩的印证，更是能力的代表！！抓住最后改变机会，就从你加入冲刺密训营开始！
2018年考研报名流程
冲刺阶段提升需注意
重点关注
黄金十月 精准择校
读懂院校招简，复习不跑偏
考研报名流程注意事项全解析
考研名师带着走 视频免费666
2018考研知识“冲刺提升”大作战
不得不知的考研大纲解读
2018年考研报名注意事项问答专栏
页:
[1]