2018考研英语双语阅读：社交软件的陷阱
2018考研复习进行时，考研英语阅读真题中的文章，多摘自英美主流外刊，有时候你认识所有单词、搞清全部语法还不够，还需要了解英美文化，掌握他们的表达方式，这就是阅读的潜台词。下面新东方在线考研整理《2018考研英语双语阅读精选》，速来学习吧！Social Media Sites Can Profile Your Contacts
社交软件陷阱-小心你的通讯录
When you install an app on your smartphone, you’re often asked whether
you’d like to share your list of contacts with that app. That might be a
convenient way to connect with friends and family likewise using, say, Instagram
or Whatsapp, but it also means you’re giving away their personal information to
the app developers.
当你在智能手机上安装应用时，经常会被询问是否允许该应用读取你的通讯录。通常这会便于你联系同样使用Instagram或Whatsapp等社交软件的朋友和家人，但是这也意味着你将个人信息透露给了应用开发人员。
And that personal info could end up being used to create so-called “shadow
profiles” of your contacts—even if they don’t use that app or social media
service.
而这些个人信息最终可能会被用来创建联系人的所谓“影子档案”，即使他们并不使用该应用或社交媒体服务。
Shadow profiles emerged as a potential problem in 2011 when an
Ireland-based advocacy group accused Facebook of gathering information on
nonusers, including names, email addresses, phone numbers and physical
addresses.
2011年，影子档案成为潜在问题，当时一个总部位于爱尔兰的倡导组织起诉Facebook收集非用户的信息，这些信息包括姓名、电邮地址、手机号码和物理地址。
The following year researchers showed that social network companies such as
Facebook could use machine learning to pretty accurately predict whether two
nonmembers known by the same member also know one another. Not exactly Big
Brother, but a recent study in the journal Science Advances raises the
stakes.
2012年，研究人员发现，像Facebook这样的社交网络公司会利用机器学习并进行相当准确的预测，即认识同一名会员的两个非会员之间是否也互相认识。这并不是监视，但近期发表在《科学进展》期刊上的研究引发了关注。
In that work, David Garcia, chair of systems design at the sci-tech
university ETH Zürich, used a social network member’s personal information to
infer relationship status and sexual orientation of the members’ contacts who
did not have their own user accounts on that social networking site. [David
Garcia, Leaking privacy and shadow profiles in online social networks]
在这项研究中，苏黎世联邦理工学院系统设计系主任大卫.加西亚利用某个社交网络成员的个人信息，推断出了成员联系人的情感状态和性取向，而这些联系人并没有该社交网络的账号。
He was able to do that using, of all things, data from the now defunct
Friendster social networking site. He says he chose those two
attributes—relationship status and sexual orientation—because they can carry
important privacy consequences and were both available in the Friendster data
set.
而他竟然是从已经失效的社交网站Friendster上获得数据并推断出的结果。他表示，他选择情感状态和性取向这两个属性，是因为它们具有重要的隐私意义，而且都能在Friendster网站的资料组中获取。
Garcia is careful to point out that he didn’t prove that shadow profiles
exist, just that they can be created. His work also reminds us how much we wind
up revealing online—about ourselves and about the people in our lives.
加西亚谨慎地指出，他并没有证明影子档案的存在，只是证明了它们能被创造出来。他的研究也提醒我们，对于自己及与自己有关的人，我们在网上暴露了多少信息。
来源：爱语吧
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