考研网 发表于 2017-8-21 20:57:54

1999年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案

  以下是中公考研小编为大家整理的1999年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案,希望对考生有帮助!
  1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
  Section I Structure and Vocabulary
  Part A
  Directions:
  Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked , , and . Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
  1. Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery ________ just around the corner was untrue.
   would be
   to be
   was
   being
  2. Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills ________ people each year than automobile accidents.
   seven more times
   seven times more
   over seven times
   seven times
  3. It's easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes ________ place in our ever-changing world.
   taking
   to take
   take
   taken
  4. This is an exciting area of study, and one ________ which new applications are being discovered almost daily.
   from
   by
   in
   through
  5. ________ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.
   As
   What
   That
   It
  6. Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony, I was unable to attend ________ such short notice.
   to
   in
   with
   on
  7. California has more light than it knows ________ to do with but everything else is expensive.
   how
   what
   which
   where
  8. The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don't have small children and get along ________ to spend most of their time together.
   so well
   too well
   well as
   well enough
  9. Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about ________ compliments to his political leaders.
   paying
   having paid
   to pay
   to have paid
  10. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than ________ in traditional media.
   exist
   exists
   existing
   to exist
  Part B
  Directions:
  Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked , , , and . Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
  11. Your math instructor would have beenA happy to give you a makeup examination had you goneB and explainedC that your parents had beenD ill at the time.
  12. As the children become financiallyA independent ofB the family, the emphasis onC family financial security will shift from protection to saveD for the retirement years.
  13. WereA the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it couldB dramatically transform a family-ranC enterprise that still gets 90% of itsD revenues from newspapers.
  14. Symposium talks will cover a wide rangeA of subjects fromB over-fishing to physical and environmentC factors that affect the populationsD of different species.
  15. Conversation calls for aA willingness to alternate the role of speaker with oneB of listenerC, and it calls for occasional ‘digestive pauses' byD both.
  16. If two theories are equal toA their ability to account forB a body of data, the theory that does soC with the smaller number of assumptions is to be preferredD.
  17. The Committee adopted a resolution requiringA the seven automakers sellingB the most cars in the state makingC 2 percent of those vehicles emissions-freeD by 1998.
  18. As long asA poor people, who in general are colored, are in conflict withB richer people, who in general are lighterC skinD, there's going to be a constant racial conflict in the world.
  19. All those left undoneA may sound greatlyB in theory, but even the trust believerC has great difficulty whenD it comes to specifics.
  20. Even ifA automakers modify commercially produced cars to run onB alternative fuelsC, the cars won't catch on in a big way whenD drivers can fill them up at the gas station.
  Part C
  Directions:
  Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked , , and . Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
  21. An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to ________ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.
   stimulate
   renovate
   arouse
   advocate
  22. Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical ________.
   obligations
   regulations
   observations
   considerations
  23. Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss ________ the bread-winner's death.
   at the cost of
   on the verge of
   as a result of
   for the sake of
  24. In education there should be a good ________ among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.
   distribution
   balance
   combination
   assignment
  25. The American dream is most ________ during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism.
   plausible
   patriotic
   primitive
   partial
  26. Poverty is not ________ in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.
   rare
   temporary
   prevalent
   segmental
  27. People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in ________ populated areas.
   densely
   intensely
   abundantly
   highly
  28. As a way of ________ the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.
   picking up
   coping with
   passing out
   getting across
  29. Tom's mother tried hard to persuade him to ________ from his intention to invest his savings in stock market.
   pull out
   give up
   draw in
   back down
  30. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical ________, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.
   interference
   interruption
   intervention
   interaction
  31. These causes produced the great change in the country that modernized the ________ of higher education from the mid-1860's to the mid-1880's.
   branch
   category
   domain
   scope
  32. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the ________ in the financial system will drag down the economy.
   shallowness
   shakiness
   scantiness
   stiffness
  33. Crisis would be the right term to describe the ________ in many animal species.
   minimization
   restriction
   descent
   decline
  34. The city is an important railroad ________ and industrial and convention center.
   conjunction
   network
   junction
   link
  35. Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to ________ myself of every chance to improve my English.
   assure
   inform
   avail
   notify
  36. Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that ________ disease resistance in neighboring plants.
   contracts
   activates
   maintains
   prescribe
  37. Corporations and labor unions have ________ great benefits upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public.
   conferred
   granted
   flung
   submitted
  38. The movement of the moon conveniently provided the unit of month, which was ________ from one new moon to the next.
   measured
   reckoned
   judged
   assessed
  39. The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was ________ to the issue at hand.
   irrational
   unreasonable
   invalid
   irrelevant
  40. Fuel scarcities and price increases ________ automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.
   persuaded
   prompted
   imposed
   enlightened
  Section II Cloze Test
  Directions:
  For each numbered blank in following passage, there are four choices marked , , and . Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
  Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies __41__ low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them __42__ and active. When the work is well done, a __43__ of accident-free operations is established __44__ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
  Successful safety programs may __45__ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by __46__ rules or regulations. __47__ others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.
  There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety __48__. The fewer the injury __49__, the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at __50__ or at a loss.
  41. at
   in
   on
   with
  42. alive
   vivid
   mobile
   diverse
  43. regulation
   climate
   circumstance
   requirement
  44. where
   how
   what
   unless
  45. alter
   differ
   shift
   distinguish
  46. constituting
   aggravating
   observing
   justifying
  47. Some
   Many
   Even
   Still
  48. comes off
   turns up
   pays off
   holds up
  49. claims
   reports
   declarations
   proclamations
  50. an advantage
   a benefit
   an interest
   a profit
  Section III Reading Comprehension
  Directions:
  Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked , , and . Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)
  Text 1
  It's a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.
  Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might -- surprise! -- fall off. The label on a child's Batman cape cautions that the toy "does not enable user to fly."
  While warnings are often appropriate and necessary -- the dangers of drug interactions, for example -- and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.
  Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. "We're really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren't designed to prevent those kinds of injuries," says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete's injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute -- a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight -- issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. "Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities," says a law professor at Cornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.
  51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?
   Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.
   Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.
   Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.
   Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.
  52. Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to ________.
   satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products
   become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products
   make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability
   feel obliged to view customers' safety as their first concern
  53. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that ________.
   some injury claims were no longer supported by law
   helmets were not designed to prevent injuries
   product labels would eventually be discarded
   some sports games might lose popularity with athletes
  54. The author's attitude towards the issue seems to be ________.
   biased
   indifferent
   puzzling
   objective
  Text 2
  In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they're looking for.
  Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier," says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company's private intranet.
  Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company's Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That's a prospect that horrifies Net purists.
  But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.
  55. We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business ________.
   has been striving to expand its market
   intended to follow a fanciful fashion
   tried but in vain to control the market
   has been booming for one year or so
  56. Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that ________.
   the technology is popular with many Web users
   businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions
   there is a radical change in strategy
   it is accessible limitedly to established partners
  57. In the view of Net purists, ________.
   there should be no marketing messages in online culture
   money making should be given priority to on the Web
   the Web should be able to function as the television set
   there should be no online commercial information without requests
  58. We learn from the last paragraph that ________.
   pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce
   interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers
   leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago
   setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power
  Text 3
  An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction -- indeed, contradiction -- which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
  An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone's job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
  There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
  But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take -- at the very longest -- a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.
  59. The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is ________.
   far-reaching
   dubiously oriented
   self-contradictory
   radically reformatory
  60. The belief that education is indispensable to all children ________.
   is indicative of a pessimism in disguise
   came into being along with the arrival of computers
   is deeply rooted in the minds of computer-ed advocates
   originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countries
  61. It could be inferred from the passage that in the author's country the European model of professional training is ________.
   dependent upon the starting age of candidates
   worth trying in various social sections
   of little practical value
   attractive to every kind of professional
  62. According to the author, basic computer skills should be ________.
   included as an auxiliary course in school
   highlighted in acquisition of professional qualifications
   mastered through a life-long course
   equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise
  Text 4
  When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group -- the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) -- has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.
  NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells -- routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.
  In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning." Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.
  NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research. NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still "up in the air."
  63. We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.
   federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans
   the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning
   NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique
   the White House has got the panel's recommendations on cloning
  64. The panel agreed on all of the following except that ________.
   the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law
   the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control
   it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning
   it would be against ethical values to clone a human being
  65. NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because ________.
   embryo research is just a current development of cloning
   the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research
   an embryo's life will not be endangered in embryo research
   the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law
  66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
   some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely
   a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time
   privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC's appeal
   the issue of human cloning will soon be settled
  Text 5
  Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn't they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.
  How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don't have unpredictable things, you don't have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.
  In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought. I've attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said "the data are still inconclusive." "We know that," the men from the budget office have said, "but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?" The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.
  What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team."
  67. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that ________.
   inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments
   science advances when fruitful researches are conducted
   scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research
   unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research
  68. The author asserts that scientists ________.
   shouldn't replace "scientific method" with imaginative thought
   shouldn't neglect to speculate on unpredictable things
   should write more concise reports for technical journals
   should be confident about their research findings
  69. It seems that some young scientists ________.
   have a keen interest in prediction
   often speculate on the future
   think highly of creative thinking
   stick to "scientific method"
  70. The author implies that the results of scientific research ________.
   may not be as profitable as they are expected
   can be measured in dollars and cents
   rely on conformity to a standard pattern
   are mostly underestimated by management
  Section IV English-Chinese Translation
  Directions:
  Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
  71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian's craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.
  72) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 73) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
  Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 74) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of "tunnel method," frequently fall victim to the "technicist fallacy." Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.
  75) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.
  Section V Writing
  76. Directions:
   Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words.
   Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
   Your essay should cover these three points:
  1. effect of the country's growing human population on its wildlife
  2. possible reason for the effect
  3. your suggestion for wildlife protection
  THE UPS AND DOWNS OF POPULATION GROWTH

kythree 发表于 2017-8-21 22:20:24


  参考答案:
  1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A
  6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C IO. A
  11. D, were 12. D, saving
  13. C, family-run 14. C, environmental
  15. B, that 16. A, in
  17. C, to make 18. D, skinned
  19. B, great 20. D, until
  21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A
  26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C
  31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C
  36. B 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. B
  41. D 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. B
  46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. D
  51. B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. A
  56. C 57. D 58. B 59. B 60. D
  61. C 62. A 63. B 64. C 65. D
  66. A 67. A 68. B 69. D 70. A
  71.几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。
  72.人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
  73.在这种转变中,历史学家研究历史时,那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
  74.所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念,还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段,人们对此意见不一。
  75.这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派;前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论,后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。
  以上是中公考研小编为考生整理的“1999年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案”的相关内容,希望对大家有帮助!另外中公考研提醒大家2018考研招生简章、2018考研招生目录、2018考研参考书目以及2018考研大纲已经出来。同时,为了帮助考生更好地复习,中公考研为广大学子推出2018考研暑期集训营、半年集训营、保研课程系列备考专题,针对每一个科目要点进行深入的指导分析,还会根据每年的考研大纲进行针对性的分析哦~欢迎各位考生了 解咨询。同时,中公考研一直为大家推出考研直播课堂,足不出户就可以边听课边学习,为大家的考研梦想助力!
  相关推荐:
  2018考研英语怎么考
  2018考研英语考什么
  20年研究生入学考试考研英语真题汇总篇
  2018考研英语怎么考 时间怎么分配
  2018考研8月份关注重点及注意事项
  2018考研大纲发布前各科复习方案
  2018年艺术类考研英语:38个制胜妙诀
  2018考研预报名时间 考研预报名入口
  9步搞定2018年考研预报名流程
  2018年考研预报名流程及注意事项
  精华推荐:

       
       
        考研暑期复习备考手册
       
       
        考研暑期集训营
       
       
        考研常见问题
       
       
       
       
        各大院校历年报录比
       
       
        择校择专业指南
       
       
        各大院校招简|目录|书目
       
       
       
       
        考研历年复试分数线
       
       
        奖助学金政策解读
       
       
        考研历年真题库
       
       
       
       
        专科生考研备考指南
       
       
        跨专业考研热门专业详解
       
       
        保研攻略|保研课程
       
       
       
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 1999年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案