2018考研英语双语阅读：西方人正变得越来越笨！
2018考研复习进行时，考研英语阅读真题中的文章，多摘自英美主流外刊，有时候你认识所有单词、搞清全部语法还不够，还需要了解英美文化，掌握他们的表达方式，这就是阅读的潜台词。下面新东方网考研频道考研整理《2018考研英语双语阅读精选》，速来学习吧！Researchers say Western IQs dropped 14 points over last century
一代不如一代?研究发现西方人正变得越来越笨!
A new study from researchers in Europe claims that the average IQ in
Western nations dropped by a staggering 14.1 points over the past century.
据欧洲研究人员的一项最新研究显示，在过去一个世纪里西方国家平均智商下降了14.1分。
"We tested the hypothesis that the Victorians were cleverer than modern
populations using high-quality instruments, namely measures of simple visual
reaction time in a meta-analytic study," the researchers wrote in the study,
which was published online in the journal Intelligence on Thursday. "Simple
reaction time measures correlate substantially with measures of general
intelligence and are considered elementary measures of cognition."
该项研究于周四在期刊《Intelligence》上在线发表，研究人员写道：“我们对维多利亚时代的人比现代人更聪明这一假设进行了检验，使用的是一种高水平的研究工具——即简单视觉反应时间meta分析。简单视觉反映时间的长短与一般智力测量有极大关系，被认为是测试认知的基本方法。”
The results might surprise some. Especially if the researchers were simply
measuring visual response times. After all, in a digital world constantly
competing for our attention, it would seem people generally respond more quickly
to visual stimuli. However, the results appear to indicate something
different.
而这项研究的结果却有些出人意料，尤其是如果研究人员只是简单地测量视觉反映时间的话。毕竟在一个不断考验我们注意力的数字时代，人们似乎对视觉刺激的反应应该更快一些才对。但是，研究的结果却与这一设想不同。
The Victorian era ran roughly from 1837 to 1901, coinciding with the reign
of England’s Queen Victoria. Some have credited the Reform Act of 1832 with
sparking an era of previously unprecedented peace and prosperity in the U.K.
维多利亚时代大致在1837年到1901年之间，正好与英国维多利亚女王统治的时代相吻合。一些人认为当时的《1832年改革法案》开启了英国前所未有的和平与繁荣时代。
The results were measured using data from 1889 to 2004 and were analyzed by
Michael A. Woodley of Vrije Universiteit in Brussels, Jan te Nijenhuis of the
University of Amsterdam and Raegan Murphy of the University College Cork in
Ireland.
而此次研究使用的是从1889年到2004年的数据，由来自布鲁塞尔自由大学的迈克尔·伍德利、来自阿姆斯特丹大学的简、以及爱尔兰科克大学的莱根·墨菲共同研究分析。
So why has there been such a steady drop? As UPI notes, previous research
studies have found that women of higher intelligence tend to have fewer children
on average, meaning that population growth may be driven by those with a lower
IQ. And over time, the abundance of less intelligent offspring would affect the
overall IQ average.
那么为什么西方人的智力水平会下降呢?正如合众国际社所指出的那样，之前的研究表明高智商的女性往往平均倾向于有更少的孩子，这就意味着人口增长的主体是那些智商较低人的后代。随着时间的推移，大量智力低下者的后代就会影响整体智商水平。
On average, the general intelligence of those populations measured dropped
by 1.23 points per decade.
平均来看，人口整体智商水平每十年就会下降1.23分。
"These findings strongly indicate that with respect to general intelligence
the Victorians were substantially cleverer than modern Western populations," the
study says.
该研究表明：“这些研究结果明确表明，维多利亚时代人的整体智力水平大体上要比现代人高。”
The study had other positive observations about the Victorian era, noting
that economic efficiency began to flourish during the period and that the
“height of the per capita numbers of significant innovations in science and
technology, and also the per capita numbers of scientific geniuses,” occurred
during that time, followed by a steady decline.
该研究还有其他关于维多利亚时代的积极发现，指出当时经济效益开始蓬勃发展，“科学技术方面重大创新的人均数量很高，科学天才的人均数量也很高”，而自那之后这一情况就开始稳步下降了。
来源:雅虎新闻
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