考研英语完型篇章练习： 罗马人的建国
新东方在线小编为大家整理考研英语完型练习系列篇章精选，考生可作为备考资料，做题同时思考逻辑关系，将不熟的单词牢记。罗马人的建国
The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing
about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints1 the
construction of idea__l__ states，such as__2__ to the Greeks. With very few
exceptions，Roman theorists ignored，or rejected__3__ valueless，intellectual
exercises like Plato‘s Republic，in__4__ the relationship of the individual to
the state was__5__ out painstakingly without reference to__6__ states or
individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero’s De Re
Publica，and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in __7__. Roman thought about the
state was concrete，even when it__8__ religious and moral concepts. The first
ruler of Rome，Romulus，was__9__ to have received authority from the
gods，specifically from Jupiter，the“guarantor”of Rome. All
constitutional__10__was a method of conferring and administering the__11__. Very
clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the__12__，the family heads who
formed the original senate，__13__the religious character necessary to exercise
authority，because its original function was to__14__the gods. Being practical as
well as exclusive，the senators moved__15__to divide the authority，holding that
their consuls，or chief officials，would possess it on__16__months，and later
extending its possession to lower officials.__17__the important achievement was
to create the idea of continuing__18__authority embodied only temporarily in
certain upper-class individuals and conferred only__19__the mass of the people
concurred. The system grew with enormous __20__，as new offices and assemblies
were created and almost none discarded. 1. with for in to 2.
tempted attracted appealed transferred 3. on for as
about 4. which that what it 5. turned worked brought
made 6. special specific peculiar particular 7.
existence store reality mind 8. abandoned caught
separated involved 9. told held suggested advised 10.
tendency procedure development relation 11. authority power
control ruling 12. officers men administrators fathers
13. possessed claimed assured enforced 14. confirm
confer consult consider 15. over along on about 16.
alternate different varied several 17. And So Or But
18. state country people national 19. as when if
so 20. dimension complexity exercise function答案1. B 2. C 3. C 4.
A 5. B 6. D 7.D 8.D 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13.A 14.C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19.
B 20. B
总体分析本文介绍了罗马人有关国家建设的理论。第一句指出罗马人有关国家形成的理论很有特点。第二句至第五句指出，罗马人的理论与希腊人的大不相同，是非常具体的。第六句至文章结尾具体阐述了罗马人关于国家权力的所有和分配形式。
全文翻译奥古斯都(罗马帝国第一代皇帝)的成功很大程度上归功于罗马人将国家理论化的特点。罗马人没有制定出让希腊人感兴趣的建设理想国家的宏伟蓝图。在柏拉图的《理想国》中不涉及具体个人或国家的一种个人与国家之间的关系被详细地设计出来，但罗马理论家们几乎无一例外地忽视或拒绝接受像《理想国》这样的智力训练，认为它们毫无价值。罗马人最接近希腊模式的是西塞罗的《论国家》，甚至在这本书中西塞罗的心中已经对罗马有了非常清楚的想法。即使涉及到宗教和道德概念，罗马人关于国家的想法也是具体的。罗马的第一位统治者罗穆卢斯被认为从神，尤其是从罗马的守护神宙斯那里获得了权力。所有宪法的发展都是一种赋予和监督这种权力的方法。很显然，人们相信只有先父们的立法机构，即一家之主们组成的最初的参议院，才拥有行使这种权力所必需的宗教特质，因为它最初的功能是寻求神的启示。既实际又排外的参议员们将权力再进一步分割，认为他们的司法官或总管官员，将每隔一个月拥有这项权力，并在之后将其拥有权扩大到更低等级的官员。但是重要的成就是创造了持续的国家权力的概念，这种权力只是临时体现在某些上层阶级的个人身上，并且只有当普通大众一致同意的时候才被赋予。当新的部门和立法机构被创造出来并且几乎没有任何一个被摈弃的时候，这个系统变得越来越复杂。
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