北京科技大学2014年考研英语翻译基础试题
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2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
试题编号： 357 试题名称： 英语翻译基础 (共 3 页)
适用专业： 翻译
说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
一、英汉互译短语翻译(30分)
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)
GNP (Gross National Product)
Gini coefficient
carbon tax
resource recycling
quantitative easing
genetically modified food
urbanization ratio
核心竞争力
资源配置
绿色增长
可燃冰
社交网络
雾霾
碳交易
二、将下列段落译为汉语(25分)
In 1992, Deng underscored the need to follow through on the “modernisation”
course that he initiated in the 1980s and he emphasised the need for the economy
to strengthen investment and become far more export-oriented. These policies,
pursued by Deng’s successors, spurred extraordinary overall economic growth
including the emergence from poverty into the mainstream of hundreds of millions
of Chinese.
Now, however, Xi and Li accept that the era of double-digit annual GDP
growth has ended. They are building Communist Party support—and this is why the
forthcoming plenary session is important—for rapid action on an economic agenda
that they hope can deliver sustained annual growth of between 7 and 7.5 per
cent.
三、将下列短文译为汉语(35分)
Seven years ago Beijing’s government set a target of making the city a
“liveable” one by 2020, with “fresh air and a beautiful environment”. Few praise
its progress. Complaints abound about its congestion, pollution, desperate
shortage of water and hugely expensive housing. Even in the state-controlled
media, suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new
capital.
Beijing has been China’s capital for most of the past 600 years. Since the
Communist victory in 1949, the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an
embodiment of China’s power, the party’s might and their country’s glorious
history. To propose a move strikes many as heretical. In recent years, however,
some have broken ranks. In 2000 even China’s then Prime Minister, Zhu Rongji,
joined the sceptics. The capital, he declared, might have to move if measures to
curb its sandstorms failed.
Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of
these lung-clogging calamities. But other problems have grown. Beijingers fed up
with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word “shoudu”, meaning capital, in
a different tone so that it sounds like “the most congested”. For much of the
year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city. The rate of birth defects
has doubled over the past decade. The environment is thought to be a
contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested, in newspapers as well as
online, that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the
central government.
Beijing’s bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded. Their privileges,
common to all those registered as Beijing citizens (ie, not migrants from other
provinces), include readier access than most other Chinese have to some of the
country’s best educational and medical facilities. Some local officials in
places favoured by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming
their merits. But given the allure of Beijing’s amenities, it is little wonder
that the central authorities keep quiet.
四、将下列段落译为英语(25分)
今年是中国发展进程中不平凡的一年。中国新一届中央领导集体提出实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，带领13亿中国人民朝着实现“两个一百年”的奋斗目标迈进。这就是，到2020年全面建成小康社会，到本世纪中叶建成社会主义现代化国家。走过五千载岁月沧桑，历经一百年兴衰沉浮，当代中国站到了新的历史起点上。
未来的中国，将会坚持一条什么样的发展道路，奉行什么样的内外政策，发挥什么样的国际作用，相信这些问题都是国际社会非常关心的。
五、将下列短文译为英语(35分)
可持续发展的概念由1992年联合国环境和发展大会正式提出，但对中国人来讲并不陌生。天人合一，不能涸泽而渔等理念，是中国优秀传统文化的一部分，并传承至今。
中国政府将可持续发展作为基本国策，强调不能再走先污染、后治理的老路，为子孙后代负责，为国际社会负责。我们正积极落实以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展观，既发展经济，也保护好环境，维护人民的根本和长远利益。
当前中国的新能源和可再生能源投资已经位居全球第一，森林覆盖率在新世纪的头十年内提高了3.8%，森林面积增加了36.51万平方公里。
2006至2010年期间，通过节能和提高能效累计节约6.3亿吨标准煤，相当于减少排放二氧化碳14.6亿吨。2011至2015年期间，力争将单位GDP能耗降低16%、单位GDP二氧化碳排放降低17%。
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