2015年GCT考试英语语法串讲之分词2
现在分词短语做定语=Do you know the way that leads into the mountain?
你知道进山的那条路吗?
(将which省略，将leads改为现在分词。从上面句子可以看出，现在分词短语做定语也可以表示与谓语动作同时发生)。
Do you know the teacher to teach us English?
=Do you know the teacher who will teach us English?
你认识要教我们英语的那位教师吗?
注：上面的句子只能用不定式做定语因为从句所表达的意思是将来时。因此，现在分词短语做定语时，动作必须同谓语动作同时发生。否则不能用现在分词做定语。
The proposal made by him will be discussed.
=The proposal that was made by him, will be discussed.
他提出的提议将被讨论。
上句所定名词proposal是make动作的承受者，所以用过去分词。我们可以从定语从句中看出。过去分词含有被动含有完成也就是该分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
The goods ordered from abroad will soon be delivered.
=The goods, which were ordered from abroad, will soon be delivered.
从国外定的货很快就会被送来。
注：过去分词做定语含有被动和完成的概念，即分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，因此，不是所有被动语态的定语从句都可省略成过去分词。请看例句。
Do you know the name of the book which will be written by our teacher.
你知道我们老师要写的书的名字吗?
Do you know the name of the book to be written by our teacher.
该句的written发生在谓语动词know之后，所以不能省掉which will be。如果省略意思就变了。请看例句。
Do you know the name of the book written by our teacher?
=Do you know the name of the book that was written by our teacher?
你知道我们老师写的那本书的书名吗?(意思是该书已写出来了)
3.=European football is played in 80 countries, which makes it most popular
sport in the world.该句是非限定性定语从句的省略。Which 定的是前面整个一句话。
分词做状语
分词做状语实际上就是一个并列句或状语从句的省略，并对句子稍做改动。
She stood there and hesitated because she didn’t know what to do.
=She stood there and hesitated, not knowing what to do.
As he is a clever boy， he studies very well.
=Being a clever boy, he studies very well.
因为他是个聪明孩子，所以他学习很好。
When she was asked about it, she said she knew nothing.
=(When) asked about it, she said she knew nothing.
当问起她这件事时，她说她不知道。
注：上句用过去分词，因其是一个从被动语态的从句省略而来，有时我们可以保留一些连词，像when, while等。
If they are applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much
labor.
=If applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much labor.
如果将这些机器用于农业，就可以省去农民很多劳动。
注：如果连词是if，我们通常保留。
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