2014考研：会计硕士英语二模拟试题
新东方在线小编编辑整理2014年会计硕士英语二模拟试题，希望考生认真做一做，查漏补缺，为考试做好准备。Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
The majority of people, about nine out of ten, are right-handed. 1 until
recently, people who were left-handed were considered 2 , and once children
showed this tendency they were forced to use their right hands. Today
left-handedness is generally 3 , but it is still a disadvantage in a world 4
most people are right-handed. For example, most tools and implements are still 5
for right-handed people.
In sports, 6 contrast, doing things with the left hand or foot, is often an
advantage. Throwing, kicking, punching or batting from the “ 7 ” side may result
in throwing 8 many opponents who are more accustomed to dealing with the 9 of
players who are right-handed. This is why, in many 10 at a professional level, a
11 proportion of players are left-handed than in the population as a whole.
The word “right” in many languages means “correct” or is 12 with lawfulness,
whereas the words associated 13 “left”, such as “sinister”, generally have 14
associations. Moreover, among a number of primitive peoples, there is 15 close
association between death and the left hand.
In the past, in 16 western societies, children were often forced to use their
right hands, especially to write with. In some cases the left hand was 17 behind
the child's back so that is could not be used. If, in the future, they are
allowed to choose, 18 will certainly be more left-handers, and probably 19
people with minor psychological disturbances as a result of being forced to use
their 20 band.
1. Down Never Up Not
2. unique eccentric normal abnormal
3. accepted admitted approved acknowledged
4. when that where which
5. ordered designed planned supposed
6. by for at with
7. proper indirect correct wrong
8. away down off up
9. minority majority plenty lack
10. games hobbies activities rounds
11. more higher better smaller
12. related mixed connected combined
13. by with to at
14. negative positive similar equal
15. the any some a
16. all mostly any most
17. tied attached brought removed
18. those these there they
19. on more greater fewer
20. left right either correct
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）
Text 1
A study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said.
But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings, next week at a conference in Quebec, said more research was needed to determine the seriousness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body.
The study at Finland's Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said.
“We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body,” Leszczynski said.
Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the brain's protective shield against harmful substances.
The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream, Leszczynski said.
The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier shows increased activity due to irradiation and points to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more permeable, he said.
“Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink—not the blood vessels but the cells themselves—and then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass.”he said.
Leszczynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result.
“These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort,” he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimer's disease.
“Where that truth is I do not know,” he said.
Leszczynski said that he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use.
21. According to Leszczynski, how does mobile phone affect one's health?
Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activities and such activities can make the protective shield more permeable.
Mobile phone radiation can shrink the blood vessels and prevent blood from flowing smoothly.
Mobile phone radiation will bring stress to people exposed to it.
Mobile phone radiation kills blood cells at a rapid speed.
22. What's the result of the French study?
The harm of mobile phone radiation is life-threatening.
Mobile phone may affect one's normal way of thinking.
Sleep disorders could result from mobile phone radiation.
A protein called hsp27 is killed by mobile phone radiation.
23. What kind of disease could not be caused by the use of mobile phone?
Fatigue.
Headache.
Alzheimer's disease.
Tuberculosis.
24. According to the passage, what would be the future of the use of mobile phone?
People will be forbidden to use mobile phone.
People dare not use mobile phone because of its radiation.
People will continue to use mobile phone.
There will be new restrictions on the use of mobile phone.
25. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
The research in Finland found that mobile phone radiation will affect one's brain.
Mobile phone radiation can cause increased activity in hundreds of protein in human cells.
Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink.
Lszczynski forbids his wife and children to use mobile phone after his research.
Text 2
Effective communication is essential for all organizations. It links the activities of the various parts of the organization and ensures that everyone is working towards a common goal. It is also extremely important for motivating employees. Staff need to know how they are getting on, what they are doing right and in which areas they could improve. Working alone can be extremely difficult and it is much easier if someone takes an interest and provides support. Employees need to understand why their job is important and how it contributes to the overall success of the firm. Personal communication should also include target setting. People usually respond well to goals, provided these are agreed between the manager and subordinate and not imposed.
However, firms often have communications problems that can undermine their performance. In many cases, these problems occur because messages are passed on in an inappropriate way. There are of course, several ways of conveying information to others in the organization. These include speaking to them directly, e-mailing, telephoning or sending a memo. The most appropriate method depends on what exactly it is you are communicating. For example, anything that is particularly sensitive or confidential, such as an employee's appraisal, should be done face to face.
One of the main problems for senior executives is that they do not have the time or resources needed to communicate effectively. In large companies, for example, it is impossible for senior managers to meet and discuss progress with each employee individually. Obviously this task can be delegated but at the cost of creating a gap between senior management and staff. As a result, managers are often forced to use other methods of communication. Like memos or notes, even if they know these are not necessarily the most suitable means of passing on messages.
The use of technology, such as e-mail, mobile phones and network system, is speeding up communication immensely. However, this does not mean that more investment in technology automatically proves beneficial: systems can become outdated or employees may lack appropriate training. There are many communications tools now available but a firm cannot afford all of them. Even if it could, it does not actually need them all. The potential gains must be weighed up against the costs, and firms should realise that more communication does not necessarily mean better communication.
As the number of people involved in an organisation increase, the use of written communication rises even faster. Instead of a quick conversation to sort something out, numerous messages can be passed backwards and forwards. This can lead to a tremendous amount of paperwork and is often less effective than face-to-face communication. When you are actually talking to someone, you can discuss things until you are happy they have understood and feedback is immediate. With written messages, however, you are never quite sure how it will be received. What you think you have said and what the other person thinks you have said can be very different.
The amount of written information generated in large organizations today can lead to communication overloaded. So much information is gathered that it gets in the way of making decisions. Take a look at the average manager's desk and you will see the problem—it is often covered in letters, reports and memos. This overload can lead to inefficiencies. For example, managers may not be able to find the information they want when they need it. Communication is also becoming more difficult with the changes occurring in employment patterns. With more people working part-time and working from home, managing communication is becoming increasingly complex.
26. According to the writer, the best way of achieving effective communication is to ________.
adapt the message to suit a particular audience
make the content of message brief and direct
select the most suitable means of conveying a particular message
ensure that information is targeted at the appropriate group of people
27. What does the writer say about the communication options available to senior managers?
Sending memos to staff is one of the most efficient methods.
It is important to find the time to discuss certain matters with staff.
They should increase the range of options that they use.
Getting junior managers to talk to staff can create different problems.
28. What advice is given about the communication tools made available by technology?
Aim to limit staff use of certain communication tools.
Evaluate them in terms of the expenditure involved.
Select them on the basis of the facilities they offer.
Encourage more staff to attend training courses in their use.
29. According to the writer, a problem with written communication is that ________.
the message can be interpreted differently to what was intended
it can be easy for people to ignore the contents of a written message
most people are more comfortable with face-to-face communication
it is possible for correspondence to get lost within a large organisation
30. According to the article, what is the effect of receiving large amounts of written information?
It is counter-productive.
It causes conflict in a company.
It leads to changes in work patterns.
It makes the main points more difficult to identify.
Text 3
Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, belief and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped form of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind the western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness （“this” and “that”）； some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or the person addressed, or remote from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.
31. The author uses quotation marks in “backward” to indicate that ________.
backward languages are connected with backward groups
backward languages are connected with backward cultures
backward languages are moving forward
there is no such thing as backward languages
32. The example of American Indian languages in the passage is to illustrate that ________.
American Indian languages are not backward
“backward” languages are borrowing from other languages
“backward” languages may possess quite complicated vocabularies
western languages may also borrow from “backward” languages
33. According to the author, “backward” languages tend to expand in ________.
grammatical structures
vocabularies
complication
sound patterns
34. Judging from the passage, the author might be ________.
an American Indian
a Canadian
an African
a Japanese
35. The best title for this passage is ________.
Criticism of Language Hierarchy
Cultural Equality from the Perspectives of Language
Expansion of “Backward” Language
Criticism of Language Hierarchy
Text 4
The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR （public relation）。
Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world's top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one-third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.
Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? Firstly, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Another reason is a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall's U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather have about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.
Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN （Cable News Network）。 Turner recently announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.
36. According to the passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of ________.
shrinking cultural differences and new communication technologies
increased efforts of other countries in public relations
an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies
the decreasing number of multinational corporations technologies
37. The underlined word “provincial” （Para. 3） most probably means“________”.
rigid in thinking
interested in world financial affairs
like people from the provinces
limited in outlook
38. London could soon replace New York as the centre of PR because ________.
British companies place more importance on PR than U.S. companies
British companies are heavily involved in planning activities
British companies are more ambitious than U.S.
Four of the world's top public relations agencies are British-owned
39. We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry ________.
enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications
speak at least one foreign language fluently
are ignorant about world geography
are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts
40. What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN?
The American PR industry should develop global communication technologies.
People involved in PR should avoid using the word “foreign”.
American PR companies should be more internationally minded.
People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.
Part B
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about history relevant to our daily lives. Choose the most suitable from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph （41—45）。 The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark you answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
Human history contains great stories that can help us appreciate more about past life.
The great achievement can provide motivation for learners.
Making us more human, more than anything else, is the purpose of studying history.
Learning history can lead a more colorful life.
History can tell us when we should give up.
History can teach us a lesson from its mistakes.
The speaker alleges that studying history is valuable only insofar as it is relevant to our daily lives. I find this allegation to be specious. It wrongly suggests that history is not otherwise instructive and that its relevance to our everyday lives is limited. To the contrary, studying history provides inspiration, innumerable lessons for living, and useful value-clarification and perspective—all of which help us decide how to live our lives.
41.
To begin with, learning about great human achievements of the past provides inspiration. For example, a student inspired by the courage and tenacity of history's great explorers might decide as a result to pursue a career in archeology, oceanography, or astronomy. This decision can, in turn, profoundly affect that student's everyday life—in school and beyond. Even for students not inclined to pursue these sorts of careers, studying historical examples of courage in the face of adversity can provide motivation to face their own personal fears in life. In short, learning about grand accomplishments of the past can help us get through the everyday business of living, whatever that business might be, by emboldening us and lifting our spirits.
42.
In addition, mistakes of the past can teach us as a society how to avoid repeating those mistakes. For example, history can teach us the inappropriateness of addressing certain social issues, particularly moral ones, on a societal level. Attempts to legislate morality invariably fail, as aptly illustrated by the Prohibition experiment in the U.S. during the 1930s. Hopefully, as a society we can apply this lesson by adopting a more enlightened legislative approach toward such issues as free speech, criminalization of drug use, criminal justice, and equal rights under the law.
43.
Studying human history can also help us understand and appreciate the mores, values, and ideals of past cultures. A heightened awareness of cultural evolution, in turn, helps us formulate informed and reflective values and ideals for ourselves. Based on these values and ideals, students can determine their authentic life path as well as how they should allot their time and interact with others on a day-to-day basis.
44.
Finally, it might be tempting to imply from the speaker's allegation that studying history has little relevance even for the mundane chores that occupy so much of our time each day, and therefore is of little value. However, from history we learn not to take everyday activities and things for granted. By understanding the history of money and banking we can transform an otherwise routine trip to the bank into an enlightened experience, or a visit to the grocery store into homage to the many inventors, scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs of the past who have made such convenience possible today. And, we can fully appreciate our freedom to go about our daily lives largely as we choose only by understanding our political heritage. In short, appreciating history can serve to elevate our everyday chores to richer, more interesting, and more enjoyable experiences.
45.
In sum, the speaker fails to recognize that in all our activities and decisions—from our grandest to our most rote—history can inspire, inform, guide, and nurture. In the final analysis, to study history is to gain the capacity to be more human—and I would be hard-pressed to imagine a worthier end.
Part C
46. Directions:
Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. （15points）
Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time. The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid developments of service for mass entertainment are signs of this increase concern.
The term “quality of life” is difficult to define. It covers a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on. As activity carried out during one's spare time, leisure has the following functions: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development; the importance of these varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life-style. People who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure, and those with a better education and in professional occupations may often seek recreation and personal development in leisure.
Section III Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
You have had an accident and are in hospital.
Write a letter to Professor Johnson explaining why you will be absent from class for the next month. Ask for advice about how to continue your studies during this period.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. （10 points）
Part B
48. Directions:
Write a short essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1） interpret the chart and
2） give your comments.
You should write at least 150 words.
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. （15points）
页:
[1]