2017考研英语拓展阅读：中国将发射世界首颗脉冲星导航卫星
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The China Academy of Space Technology has announced plans to launch the
world’s first X-ray pulsar navigation satellite (XPNAV-1) in November, Xinhua
reported.
据新华社报道，中国空间技术研究员已经宣布计划将于11月份发射全球首颗X射线脉冲导航卫星(XPNAV-1)。
The move brings autonomous spacecraft navigation and a more precise
deep-space GPS one step closer to reality.
这一举措使得航天器自主导航、以及更加准确的深度空间GPS定位进一步接近现实。
X-ray pulsar navigation is an innovative navigation technique wherein
periodic X-ray signals emitted from pulsars are used to determine the location
of a spacecraft in deep space.
X射线脉冲导航是一种创新性的导航技术，其中脉冲射电源可以发出周期性的X射线信号，可以用来在深度空间中确定航天器的位置。
Current ground-based navigation methods are limited by the time delay
between spacecraft and the Earth. However, for certain type of pulsars, called
"millisecond pulsars," pulses of radiation occur with the regularity and
precision of an atomic clock. As a result, in some scenarios, the pulsar X-ray
can take less time to estimate a location. This leads to more precise
measurements of a spacecraft’s location.
由于航天器和地面接收器之间的时间延迟，目前的地面导航技术受到了极大的限制。但是使用被称之为“毫秒脉冲射电源”的装置，脉冲辐射可以具有和原子钟一样的规律性和精度。因此，在某些情况之下，X射线脉冲射电源可以用更少的时间来估测物体的位置。这就导致了对航天器位置的更精确测量。
However, since X-rays from pulsars are absorbed by the atmosphere,
scientists must launch satellites to continue research of the new
technology.
然而，由于脉冲射电源发出的X射线能够被大气所吸收，所以科学家们必须发射卫星来对这一新技术继续进行研究。
According to Shuai Ping, chief scientist behind the research of XPNAV-1
satellite, the key aim of this satellite is to detect the details of X-ray
signals of 26 nearby pulsars, and to create a "pulsar navigation database." This
target could be achieved within five to 10 years, Shuai estimates.
据XPNAV-1卫星研究项目首席科学家率平(音)表示说，这颗卫星的主要目的是要检测地球附近26颗脉冲星的X射线信号详细信息，建立一个“脉冲导航数据库”。率平估计，这一目标可以在5到10年之间完成。
X-ray pulsar navigation techniques are an improvement over the current
navigation methods of the ground-based Deep Space Network (DSN) and the European
Space Tracking (ESTRACK) network. The time delay affecting DSN and ESTRACK can
be up to several hours for a mission taking place near the outer planets, and
even longer for a mission outside the solar system.
X射线脉冲导航技术是对目前地基深空网络(DSN)和欧洲空间跟踪(ESTRACK)网络导航技术的改进。通过DSN和ESTRACK进行的靠近外行星的任务来说，时间延迟可能长达数小时，而对于那些发生在太阳系以外的任务来说时间延迟可能更长。
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